典型切尔诺泽姆的腐殖质状况和养分体系取决于短期轮作中的施肥情况

M. Voitovyk, I. Prymak, Viktoriia Melnyk, О. Panchenko, O. Tsyuk
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摘要

施肥系统是强化作物栽培技术的最有效因素。科学合理的施肥系统,以及获得适当质量的计划产量水平的基础,是研究轮作期间的有机质含量和土壤养分体系。本研究的目的是确定短期轮作中不同施肥系统下典型糜子中的矿质氮、移动磷、可交换钾和腐殖质含量。要解决土壤肥力问题,一个重要的方法是进行田间和实验室研究,根据秋林法确定腐殖质状态的变化,根据马奇金法确定土壤的氮、磷、钾制度,并通过分散方法确定实验数据的可靠性。研究结果发现,在有机-矿质肥料系统下,土壤中腐殖质含量最高,在粮食作物轮作的第二轮结束时,腐殖质含量比水果轮作时增加了 0.13%。在轮作中使用矿物肥料系统则使腐殖质含量减少了 0.12%。在果树轮作和谷物与行间作物轮作中,典型糜子的腐殖质含量有所增加。与其他施肥系统相比,有机矿质肥料系统往往会增加土壤中的矿质氮含量。与未施肥的土壤相比,矿质肥料系统的矿质氮含量降低了 5.5 毫克/千克。在有机-矿质肥料和矿质肥料系统下,所有作物轮作中的移动磷酸盐含量都有所增加。与水果轮作和谷物轮作相比,耕作轮作中的移动磷含量大幅减少。在矿物肥料系统下,土壤中的可交换钾含量最高。出版物中的材料对分析短轮作中典型切尔诺泽姆的主要矿质营养元素具有重要的实际意义
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Humus state and nutrient regime of typical chernozem depending on fertilisation in short crop rotations
The fertiliser system is the most effective factor in the intensification of crop cultivation technologies. The basis for scientifically sound fertiliser application systems, along with obtaining the planned level of yield of the appropriate quality, is the study of the organic matter content and soil nutrient regime during crop rotation. The purpose of this study was to determine the mineral nitrogen, mobile phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, and humus content in typical chernozem under different fertilisation systems in short-term crop rotations. To solve the problem of soil fertility, an important approach is to conduct field and laboratory research to determine changes in the humus state according to Tyurin, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium regimes of the soil according to Machigin, and dispersion methods to determine the reliability of experimental data. As a result of the research, it was found that the highest humus content in the soil was recorded under the organic-mineral fertilisation system at the end of the second rotation in the grain crop rotation by 0.13% compared to the fruit crop rotation. The use of a mineral fertiliser system in a row crop rotation reduced the humus content by 0.12%. An increase in the humus content of typical chernozem was recorded under fruit crop rotation and grain-row crop rotation. The organic-mineral fertilisation system tended to increase the mineral nitrogen content of the soil compared to the other systems. The mineral nitrogen content of the mineral fertilisation system decreased by 5.5 mg/kg of soil compared to the unfertilised variant. Under the organic-mineral and mineral fertilisation system, the content of mobile phosphate increased in all crop rotations. The content of mobile phosphorus in the tilled crop rotation was substantially reduced compared to the fruit crop rotation and grain-row crop rotation. The highest content of exchangeable potassium in the soil was recorded under the mineral fertilisation system. The materials of the publications are of practical importance in the analysis of the main elements of mineral nutrition of typical chernozem in short crop rotations
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