电解生理盐水体外靶向生物膜牙周病原体

Journal of dental research Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-07 DOI:10.1177/00220345231216660
N Zayed, H Munjaković, M K Aktan, K Simoens, K Bernaerts, N Boon, A Braem, F Pamuk, M Saghi, W Van Holm, A Fidler, R Gašperšič, W Teughels
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引用次数: 0

摘要

预防牙周疾病的发生和复发通常包括使用抗菌漱口水来控制牙周病原体的生长。大多数抗菌剂都是非选择性的,既针对口腔共生菌种,也针对引起菌群失调的菌种。这会影响整体微生物组成和代谢活动,进而影响宿主与微生物之间的相互作用,这种相互作用可能是有害的(与炎症有关),也可能是有益的(与健康有关)。因此,应考虑引导抗菌效果,将微生物组成调整为有益健康。为此,本研究将电解生理盐水作为一种新型冲洗剂进行了研究。电解生理盐水是使用便携式电解装置从无菌生理盐水中制备出来的。在羟基磷灰石圆片上培养多菌种口腔同源生物膜和菌群失调生物膜,每天用电解生理盐水(EOS)冲洗。同时还包括相应的阳性(NaOCl)和阴性(磷酸盐缓冲盐水)对照组。冲洗 3 次后,用活力定量聚合酶链反应和扫描电子显微镜分析生物膜。冲洗后的生物膜上清液用于代谢活性分析(高效液相色谱法),测量有机酸含量。此外,还将人类口腔角质细胞(HOKs)暴露于 EOS,以测试其生物相容性(细胞毒性和炎症诱导),并将其暴露于冲洗后的生物膜,以评估其冲洗后的免疫原性。用 EOS 冲洗菌群失调的生物膜可减少病原菌的数量(减少量大于 3 log10 Geq/mm2),并避免生物膜菌群失调(病原菌丰度≤1%),从而使共生菌占优势(≥99%),这改变了 HOK 的生物膜代谢和白细胞介素 8(IL-8)诱导。EOS 对同源生物膜没有有害影响。扫描电子显微照也证实了这一点。此外,测试浓度的 EOS 没有任何细胞毒性作用,也不会诱导 HOK 产生 IL-8。EOS 在转移体外冲洗生物膜中的菌群失调和控制主要围病原体方面显示出良好的效果,而且对共生物种或人类细胞无毒性影响。应考虑将这种新型冲洗方法应用于临床。
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Electrolyzed Saline Targets Biofilm Periodontal Pathogens In Vitro.

Preventing the development and recurrence of periodontal diseases often includes antimicrobial mouthrinses to control the growth of the periodontal pathogens. Most antimicrobials are nonselective, targeting the symbiotic oral species as well as the dysbiosis-inducing ones. This affects the overall microbial composition and metabolic activity and consequently the host-microbe interactions, which can be detrimental (associated with inflammation) or beneficial (health-associated). Consequently, guiding the antimicrobial effect for modulating the microbial composition to a health-associated one should be considered. For such an approach, this study investigated electrolyzed saline as a novel rinse. Electrolyzed saline was prepared from sterile saline using a portable electrolysis device. Multispecies oral homeostatic and dysbiotic biofilms were grown on hydroxyapatite discs and rinsed daily with electrolyzed saline (EOS). Corresponding positive (NaOCl) and negative (phosphate-buffered saline) controls were included. After 3 rinses, biofilms were analyzed with viability quantitative polymerase chain reaction and scanning electron microscopy. Supernatants of rinsed biofilms were used for metabolic activity analysis (high-performance liquid chromatography) through measuring organic acid content. In addition, human oral keratinocytes (HOKs) were exposed to EOS to test biocompatibility (cytotoxicity and inflammation induction) and also to rinsed biofilms to assess their immunogenicity after rinsing. Rinsing the dysbiotic biofilms with EOS could reduce the counts of the pathobionts (>3 log10 Geq/mm2 reduction) and avert biofilm dysbiosis (≤1% pathobiont abundance), leading to the dominance of commensal species (≥99%), which altered both biofilm metabolism and interleukin 8 (IL-8) induction in HOKs. EOS had no harmful effects on homeostatic biofilms. The scanning electron micrographs confirmed the same. In addition, tested concentrations of EOS did not have any cytotoxic effects and did not induce IL-8 production in HOKs. EOS showed promising results for diverting dysbiosis in in vitro rinsed biofilms and controlling key periopathogens, with no toxic effects on commensal species or human cells. This novel rinsing should be considered for clinical applications.

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