Electrochemical behavior and degradation mechanism of lithium disilicate glass ceramics in acidic environment

IPS e.max Press, a lithium disilicate-based glass ceramic, is renowned in dental restorations for its mechanical strength and aesthetic appeal. This study delves into its behavior within oral environments, employing electrochemical and surface analysis techniques. By utilizing cyclic polarization curves and impedance spectroscopy, we evaluated its degradation resistance. Surface morphology, composition, and crystal stability were explored through scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis. The glass ceramic exhibited robust resistance to localized degradation across all tested electrolytes. The degradation potential (E_corr) varied with time and pH, indicating electrolyte influence. SEM/EDX affirmed oxide layer formation, while XRD confirmed a stable structure. While showcasing favorable resistance in saliva, citric acid, and lactic acid, IPS e.max Press demonstrated susceptibility to acetic acid. This comprehensive analysis enhances our understanding, providing valuable insights for the development of durable dental materials through a combination of electrochemical analysis and surface characterization.