International Journal of Applied Glass Science最新文献

The formation of a crystallized surface layer, having a lower coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) than the parent glass, can be exploited to place the glass surface under compression during cooling from crystallization temperature and hence improve mechanical properties. In our study, we focused on the understanding of the compositional dependency of the surface crystallization of quartz solid solutions (Qz-ss) with potentially low CTE. Specifically, we investigated the crystallization of melt-prepared soda–lime–silicate glasses with variable Al₂O₃ content that were doped with lithium in exchange for sodium. Further, the role of ZnO and MgO in the crystallization was evaluated. Despite rather complex glass compositions, the observed cell parameters of the obtained Qz-ss are close to the corresponding ternary Li₂O─Al₂O₃─SiO₂ (LAS) system. Further, a simple model was applied to predict the in-plane stresses in the surface. For modeled compositions down to 5.5 mol% Al₂O₃, formation of a compressive layer for the complete range of the crystalline content can be observed. Our findings illustrate the potential of strengthening glasses through surface crystallization as an alternative to thermal- and chemical strengthening to make glass-packaging more weight competitive. The results can help to optimize glass compositions that can be strengthened by this method.

Designing a single glass composition for a multidimensional property space is challenging, and the difficulty increases with the number of design criteria. Traditionally, the task is accomplished using multiple statistical models that describe the relationships between composition (C) and property (P) values, i.e., C-P models. Recently, the structure (S)-property (P) statistical modeling has emerged as a complementary approach. The S-P modeling approach has also been shown to be a preferred method for modeling glass properties, particularly when a small data set is available, such as in single-component studies, or when strong nonlinearities exist between composition and properties. The combined model package, C-S-P, implements the concept of generic glass design, i.e., designing glass for performance by first selecting a specific or optimized set of glass network structural groups using S-P models and then transferring the designed structures (genes) to a particular composition using C-S models. This article reviews a set of supporting cases from the previous C-S-P modeling studies of phosphate, silicate, and borosilicate glasses, which are relevant for many critical commercial applications. The methodology for developing the statistical C-S-P database is presented, enabling the application of P→S→C to achieve a generic glass design and optimization, targeting multiple design criteria for both performance and processing properties simultaneously.

The mechanical damage resistance of phone components, particularly screens, is crucial for ensuring the longevity and functionality of modern smartphones. This study investigates the impact resistance of screen protector materials consisting of chemically strengthened glass and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) using a developed punch drop test method. The screen protectors were applied to ultra-thin glass (UTG) samples, serving as surrogates for phone screens. The impact resistance was assessed by measuring the average fracture drop height of UTG breakage beneath a screen protector for various punch tip diameters. This outcome was summarized in a parameter termed “protectability”. The results indicate that glass screen protectors exhibit superior protection against sharp impacts due to their high stiffness, while the plastic screen protectors provide comparable protection against blunt impacts. Finite element simulations of glass and TPU screen protectors corroborate the experimental findings, highlighting the importance of material stiffness and thickness in enhancing protectability.

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) silica nanoparticle composite coatings are applied to glass for improved strength. The coatings are applied to glass slides via the dip-coating method, and the strength is evaluated using 4-point bend flexural tests. The improvement in strength from these coatings is found to be due to the flaw-filling mechanism. Additionally, the nanoparticles incorporated into the coating provide the PMMA matrix with a reinforcement effect that enhances the overall strength improvement of the coating. Five different coatings are tested with different weight percentages of nanoparticles, ranging from 0 to 2 wt%. All the coatings maintain high optical transparency across the visible spectrum and have thickness values ranging between 1 and 3 µm. Although there is evidence of other coatings providing strengthening to glass, this effect has never been shown with PMMA-silica nanoparticle composite coatings. These coatings are beneficial due to the biocompatibility of PMMA and the favorable mechanical properties of silica nanoparticles. In addition, these coatings can be processed via solution mixing in a one-pot method without the need for any additives.

With the rapid development of the lithium battery and new energy industries, the large-scale production of spodumene has led to the accumulation of significant amounts of spodumene smelting slag, causing environmental pollution and resource waste. In this study, a series of Li₂O–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ (LAS) transparent glass-ceramics were successfully prepared using 50 wt% spodumene smelting slag as the primary raw material. The effects of co-doping with ZrO₂ and BaO on the structure and properties of the glass-ceramics were systematically investigated. Unlike most previous studies that focused on single-component modification, this work highlights the novel co-doping strategy of BaO and ZrO₂ in a waste-derived LAS system, and systematically investigates their synergistic and antagonistic effects on nucleation, crystallization, and properties. The optimal sample, treated at 600°C for 8 h for nucleation and 750°C for 2 h for crystallization, exhibited high crystallinity, a transmittance of 90.67% at 550 nm, a Vickers hardness of 7.07 GPa, and a relatively low coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE ≈ 8 × 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹). Low ZrO₂ content leads to insufficient nucleation, resulting in grain agglomeration and opacity, whereas excessive ZrO₂ tends to act as a network former rather than a nucleating agent, thereby reducing the overall crystallinity. Partial substitution of SiO₂ with BaO, functioning as a network modifier, induced local depolymerization of the glass network and effectively suppressed excessive grain growth, thereby maintaining high optical transparency. This work provides a promising route for the high-value utilization of spodumene smelting slag and offers useful insights for designing high-performance LAS transparent glass-ceramics.

Due to the inherent material limitations of Cu/Al substrates—particularly their low melting point (approximately 660°C for Al) and high coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE)—these materials pose significant challenges in sealing processes. To address these challenges, this study focuses on developing a tailored low-temperature, high-CTE phosphate sealing glass. The structural influence of Y₂O₃ substitution for Sb₂O₃ in phosphate glasses was comprehensively investigated using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The corresponding thermal properties and chemical durability of the glasses were also evaluated. The aim is to develop glasses with a high CTE (>14 × 10⁻⁶°C⁻¹), low sealing temperature (<600°C), and enhance chemical durability, thereby enabling highly reliable sealing of Cu/Al substrates.