简单抑制和反应选择性抑制的统一解释

IF 3 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY Cognitive Psychology Pub Date : 2024-01-09 DOI:10.1016/j.cogpsych.2023.101628
Quentin F. Gronau , Mark R. Hinder , Sauro E. Salomoni , Dora Matzke , Andrew Heathcote
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引用次数: 0

摘要

反应抑制是人类执行控制的一个关键属性。标准的停止信号任务要求取消单个反应;抑制该反应的速度反映了抑制控制网络的效能。然而,更复杂的停止任务,即取消一个多成分动作的一个或多个成分(即反应选择性停止),无法用适合简单任务的独立种族模型来解释(Logan 和 Cowan,1984 年)。健康的人类参与者(n=28;10 名男性;19-40 岁)完成了一项反应选择性停止任务,其中 "走 "的刺激要求同时(双臂)按下按钮以响应左右指向的绿色箭头。在一部分试验(30%)中,一个或两个箭头变成红色(构成停止信号),要求只取消与红色箭头相关的按键。通过对两个食指(第一背侧骨间)的肌电图记录,可以评估导致公开按下按钮的自主运动反应,以及在公开反应之前被取消的活动(即部分或隐蔽反应)。我们提出了同时抑制和启动(SIS)模型,该模型扩展了独立竞赛模型,并对反应选择性停止数据提供了高度准确的解释。结合精细的肌电图分析,我们基于模型的分析提供了趋于一致的证据,即选择性停止信号同时触发了一个过程,该过程停止了双臂反应,并触发了与绿色箭头相对应的新的单臂反应。我们的研究结果要求重新认识反应选择性停止,并为在健康和病人群体中评估此类任务提供了一个可行的框架。意义声明反应抑制是人类执行控制的一个关键属性,经常使用停止信号任务进行研究。在对 "开始 "信号做出运动反应后,偶尔会延迟出现 "停止 "信号,这就要求取消反应。这被认为是 "走 "和 "停 "过程之间的 "竞赛",成功(或失败)取消反应取决于哪个过程在竞赛中获胜。在这里,我们为 "停止信号 "任务的一个复杂变体提供了一个新的计算模型,在这个变体中,只需要取消一个多成分动作中的一个成分。我们提供了令人信服的肌肉激活数据来支持我们的模型,为在健康和病理人群中研究这些复杂的抑制任务提供了一个强大而合理的框架。
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A unified account of simple and response-selective inhibition

Response inhibition is a key attribute of human executive control. Standard stop-signal tasks require countermanding a single response; the speed at which that response can be inhibited indexes the efficacy of the inhibitory control networks. However, more complex stopping tasks, where one or more components of a multi-component action are cancelled (i.e., response-selective stopping) cannot be explained by the independent-race model appropriate for the simple task (Logan and Cowan 1984). Healthy human participants (n=28; 10 male; 19–40 years) completed a response-selective stopping task where a ‘go’ stimulus required simultaneous (bimanual) button presses in response to left and right pointing green arrows. On a subset of trials (30%) one, or both, arrows turned red (constituting the stop signal) requiring that only the button-press(es) associated with red arrows be cancelled. Electromyographic recordings from both index fingers (first dorsal interosseous) permitted the assessment of both voluntary motor responses that resulted in overt button presses, and activity that was cancelled prior to an overt response (i.e., partial, or covert, responses). We propose a simultaneously inhibit and start (SIS) model that extends the independent race model and provides a highly accurate account of response-selective stopping data. Together with fine-grained EMG analysis, our model-based analysis offers converging evidence that the selective-stop signal simultaneously triggers a process that stops the bimanual response and triggers a new unimanual response corresponding to the green arrow. Our results require a reconceptualisation of response-selective stopping and offer a tractable framework for assessing such tasks in healthy and patient populations.

Significance Statement

Response inhibition is a key attribute of human executive control, frequently investigated using the stop-signal task. After initiating a motor response to a go signal, a stop signal occasionally appears at a delay, requiring cancellation of the response. This has been conceptualised as a ‘race’ between the go and stop processes, with the successful (or failed) cancellation determined by which process wins the race. Here we provide a novel computational model for a complex variation of the stop-signal task, where only one component of a multicomponent action needs to be cancelled. We provide compelling muscle activation data that support our model, providing a robust and plausible framework for studying these complex inhibition tasks in both healthy and pathological cohorts.

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来源期刊
Cognitive Psychology
Cognitive Psychology 医学-心理学
CiteScore
5.40
自引率
3.80%
发文量
29
审稿时长
50 days
期刊介绍: Cognitive Psychology is concerned with advances in the study of attention, memory, language processing, perception, problem solving, and thinking. Cognitive Psychology specializes in extensive articles that have a major impact on cognitive theory and provide new theoretical advances. Research Areas include: • Artificial intelligence • Developmental psychology • Linguistics • Neurophysiology • Social psychology.
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