青少年男子足球运动员的生长速度较快,受伤风险与生理成熟度有关。

Raziye Dut, Sinem Akgül, Gürhan Dönmez, Bülent Ulkar, Nuray Kanbur, Orhan Derman
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摘要

背景:本研究的目的是确定从事足球运动的男性青少年与非运动型青少年在生长和成熟方面的差异,并研究青少年足球运动员特有的损伤特征:方法: 共有 206 名 11-16 岁的足球运动员和 208 名非运动员参加了研究。他们的身高、体重、体重指数(BMI)、年增长率和骨骼年龄均通过左手腕 X 光片进行评估。利用皮褶厚度、身体成分和坦纳分期对生理和性成熟进行了评估。记录了足球运动员的比赛位置、最初踢球年龄、每周比赛场次、运动损伤次数、受伤日期、恢复活动时间、受伤部位、性质、机制和速率。使用受伤卡记录足球运动员受伤的特征:结果:参与者的平均年龄为(13.6 ± 1.5)岁。在 11.0 岁、12.0 岁和 15.0 岁时,各组之间的生长率没有差异,但在 13.0 岁和 14.0 岁时,足球组的生长率更高。足球运动员的身高高于对照组。在所有坦纳阶段,足球运动员的体重指数(BMI)和总体脂率都较低,生长速度也较快。足球运动员的受伤率为每年 39.3%。最常见的是脚趾受伤,踢足球增加了多次受伤的风险。此外,身高较高、体重较重、总体脂较高和/或生长速度较快的足球运动员受伤的频率更高,而且最常发生在坦纳期 4。此外,与其他阶段相比,Tanner 第 4 阶段发生两次或两次以上受伤的几率更高:青少年男子足球运动员的生长速度高于非运动员,他们的生理成熟度与受伤风险的增加有关。
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Adolescent male soccer players have higher growth rates and risk of injury is associated with biological maturity.

Background: The objective of this study was to ascertain disparities in growth and maturation between male adolescents engaged in soccer and their non-athletic counterparts, as well as to examine the injury features specific to young soccer players.

Methods: A total of 206 soccer players between the ages of 11-16 years, and 208 non-athletic peers were enrolled. Height, weight, body mass index (BMI), annual growth rate, and skeletal age evaluated using a left handwrist x-ray were determined. Biological and sexual maturation were evaluated using skinfold thickness, body composition, and Tanner stages. The game positions, initial age for playing soccer, the number of games per/ week, the number of sports injuries, date of injury, duration for return to activity, the site, nature, mechanism, and rate of injury were recorded for soccer players. Using an injury card, the characteristics of soccer player injuries were recorded.

Results: The mean age of the participants was 13.6 ± 1.5 years. There was no difference in the growth rates between the groups at the ages of 11.0, 12.0, and 15.0 but at the ages of 13.0 and 14.0 years growth rates were higher in the soccer group. The soccer players were taller than the controls. For all Tanner stages, soccer players had a lower BMI and total body fat percentage, as well as a faster growth rate. Injuries occurred at a rate of 39.3% per year among soccer players. The most common being toe injuries, and playing soccer increased the risk of multiple injuries. Additionally, injuries occurred more frequently in soccer players who were taller, heavier, with higher total body fat and/or higher growth rate, and most commonly occurred during Tanner stage 4. Futhermore, Tanner stage 4 had a higher incidence of two or more injuries than the other stages.

Conclusions: Adolescent male soccer players have higher growth rates than their non-athletic peers, and their biological maturity status is associated with an increased risk of injury.

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