What is the impact of healthcare innovation on measurable outcomes of healthcare organisation performance? A systematic review

Objective The lack of quantitative evidence of effectiveness has been cited as a notable shortcoming of initiation and diffusion of innovations in healthcare. Therefore, this review aimed to synthesise research assessing the impact of healthcare innovations on measurable outcomes of healthcare organisation performance. Design A systematic review was conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Data sources Systematic searches were conducted across three electronic databases, namely MEDLINE, CINAHL and PsycINFO. Eligibility criteria for selecting studies Articles were required to: (a) be published in an English-language, peer-reviewed journal since 2000; (b) describe the application of a specific innovation within a secondary healthcare setting; (c) report data on the summative evaluation of the impact of the innovation on healthcare outcomes, using an outcome measure in line with Level Four of Kirkpatrick’s Evaluation Hierarchy (ie, a measure of organisation performance) and (d) consist of a research design that allowed for evaluation of innovation impact on outcome measures by means of a comparator. Results Innovations targeting organisational change were most commonly implemented. Innovations generally had a positive impact, evident in almost two-thirds of the outcome measures assessed across the included articles. Innovation impact was predominantly measured via health utilisation metrics and medical-clinical indicators, with safety outcomes and patient/family perceptions less frequently assessed. Conclusion There is evidence to show that innovations result in discernible change in organisational importance, including on important metrics such as finance and healthcare utilisation. Bundling outcome measures are recommended to provide a more complete picture of the true impact of innovation on healthcare organisation performance. Data are available on reasonable request.