{"title":"有机岩石学为提高公众认识服务:烧烤煤球的安全性如何?","authors":"Maria Georgaki , Małgorzata Wojtaszek-Kalaitzidi , Kimon Christanis , Stavros Kalaitzidis","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2024.104448","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span>Charcoal has been an important source of energy for centuries and remains till today. Currently charcoal is used, mostly for cooking purposes, in the form of lumps, as well as processed in the form of briquettes. Charcoal briquettes are formed by compressing pyrolyzed biomass (charcoal) particles together with a suitable binder, such as </span>starch<span> mixed with water. Based on the European standard<span> EN 1860-2 (2005) the moisture and the ash yield for the dry charcoal briquettes shall not be above 8 wt% and 18 wt%, respectively, and the total of all detected inadmissible additions should not exceed 1 vol%. The main purpose of this study is to examine the quality of charcoal briquettes from the Greek market. Nine samples were purchased from various vendors in Patras and examined according to the EN 1860-2 (2005) standard. To assess their quality, incident light microscopy is applied to identify the pyrolyzed material and the range of impurities, including raw biomass<span>, mineral matter, plastic, metallic artifact, oxidized metallic artifact, particles of coal origin, etc. The petrographic analysis reveals that the content of impurities exceeds 1 vol% and that four (out of the nine) samples consist almost exclusively of coal particles. Considering the above and the public health hazards that are posed by grill fuel of subpar quality, the need for effective and reliable quality control methods is urgent. The petrographic analysis of charcoal briquettes seems to be the most appropriate technique.</span></span></span></p></div>","PeriodicalId":13864,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Coal Geology","volume":"283 ","pages":"Article 104448"},"PeriodicalIF":5.6000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Organic petrology in the service of public awareness: How safe are barbeque briquettes?\",\"authors\":\"Maria Georgaki , Małgorzata Wojtaszek-Kalaitzidi , Kimon Christanis , Stavros Kalaitzidis\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.coal.2024.104448\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p><span>Charcoal has been an important source of energy for centuries and remains till today. Currently charcoal is used, mostly for cooking purposes, in the form of lumps, as well as processed in the form of briquettes. Charcoal briquettes are formed by compressing pyrolyzed biomass (charcoal) particles together with a suitable binder, such as </span>starch<span> mixed with water. Based on the European standard<span> EN 1860-2 (2005) the moisture and the ash yield for the dry charcoal briquettes shall not be above 8 wt% and 18 wt%, respectively, and the total of all detected inadmissible additions should not exceed 1 vol%. The main purpose of this study is to examine the quality of charcoal briquettes from the Greek market. Nine samples were purchased from various vendors in Patras and examined according to the EN 1860-2 (2005) standard. To assess their quality, incident light microscopy is applied to identify the pyrolyzed material and the range of impurities, including raw biomass<span>, mineral matter, plastic, metallic artifact, oxidized metallic artifact, particles of coal origin, etc. The petrographic analysis reveals that the content of impurities exceeds 1 vol% and that four (out of the nine) samples consist almost exclusively of coal particles. Considering the above and the public health hazards that are posed by grill fuel of subpar quality, the need for effective and reliable quality control methods is urgent. The petrographic analysis of charcoal briquettes seems to be the most appropriate technique.</span></span></span></p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":13864,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"International Journal of Coal Geology\",\"volume\":\"283 \",\"pages\":\"Article 104448\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":5.6000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-01-12\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"International Journal of Coal Geology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166516224000053\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"ENERGY & FUELS\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Journal of Coal Geology","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0166516224000053","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"ENERGY & FUELS","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
几个世纪以来,木炭一直是重要的能源来源,直到今天依然如此。目前,木炭主要用于烹饪,有块状的,也有加工成块的。压块木炭是将热解生物质(木炭)颗粒与适当的粘合剂(如掺水的淀粉)一起压缩而成。根据欧洲标准 EN 1860-2(2005),干木炭块的水分和灰分含量分别不得超过 8 wt% 和 18 wt%,所有检测到的不允许添加物的总和不得超过 1 vol%。本研究的主要目的是检测希腊市场上的木炭块质量。我们从帕特雷的不同商贩处购买了九个样本,并根据 EN 1860-2 (2005) 标准对其进行了检验。为了评估它们的质量,使用了反射光显微镜来识别热解物质和各种杂质,包括原始生物质、矿物物质、塑料、金属工件、氧化金属工件、煤炭颗粒等。岩相分析表明,杂质含量超过 1 Vol%,9 个样本中有 4 个样本几乎完全由煤颗粒组成。考虑到上述情况以及质量不合格的烧烤燃料对公众健康造成的危害,迫切需要有效、可靠的质量控制方法。木炭块的岩相分析似乎是最合适的技术。
Organic petrology in the service of public awareness: How safe are barbeque briquettes?
Charcoal has been an important source of energy for centuries and remains till today. Currently charcoal is used, mostly for cooking purposes, in the form of lumps, as well as processed in the form of briquettes. Charcoal briquettes are formed by compressing pyrolyzed biomass (charcoal) particles together with a suitable binder, such as starch mixed with water. Based on the European standard EN 1860-2 (2005) the moisture and the ash yield for the dry charcoal briquettes shall not be above 8 wt% and 18 wt%, respectively, and the total of all detected inadmissible additions should not exceed 1 vol%. The main purpose of this study is to examine the quality of charcoal briquettes from the Greek market. Nine samples were purchased from various vendors in Patras and examined according to the EN 1860-2 (2005) standard. To assess their quality, incident light microscopy is applied to identify the pyrolyzed material and the range of impurities, including raw biomass, mineral matter, plastic, metallic artifact, oxidized metallic artifact, particles of coal origin, etc. The petrographic analysis reveals that the content of impurities exceeds 1 vol% and that four (out of the nine) samples consist almost exclusively of coal particles. Considering the above and the public health hazards that are posed by grill fuel of subpar quality, the need for effective and reliable quality control methods is urgent. The petrographic analysis of charcoal briquettes seems to be the most appropriate technique.
期刊介绍:
The International Journal of Coal Geology deals with fundamental and applied aspects of the geology and petrology of coal, oil/gas source rocks and shale gas resources. The journal aims to advance the exploration, exploitation and utilization of these resources, and to stimulate environmental awareness as well as advancement of engineering for effective resource management.