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Corrigendum to “Characteristics of the low-pressure spatial and temporal distributions of oil- and gas-bearing layers in the Ordos Basin, China” [Int. J. Coal Geol. 2024 (285) 104476]. 中国鄂尔多斯盆地含油气层低压时空分布特征》更正[Int. J. Coal Geol. 2024 (285) 104476]。
IF 5.6 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-11-12 DOI: 10.1016/j.coal.2024.104622
Yang Qin, Chiyang Liu, Lei Huang, Jianqiang Wang, Junfeng Zhao, Deyong Shao, Lihua Yang, Xiaochen Zhao, Ehsan Khalaf, Shaohua Zhang, Nan Du
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引用次数: 0
Deep syntectonic burial of the Anthracite belt, Eastern Pennsylvania 宾夕法尼亚州东部无烟煤带的深层综合埋藏
IF 5.6 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-11-08 DOI: 10.1016/j.coal.2024.104646
Mark A. Evans , Aaron M. Jubb
Fluid inclusion microthermometry and Raman spectroscopy of fluid inclusions in quartz veins from the Pennsylvanian rocks of the Anthracite belt, eastern Pennsylvania support a deep burial model of coalification in favor of focused orogenic hot fluid flow. High-temperature (250 to 255 °C) trapping of CH4 ± CO2 saturated aqueous fluids and CH4 ± CO2 inclusions indicate fluid trapping at depths of 11.5 to 13.4 km under a cover of Pennsylvanian to Permian(?) syntectonic load. In the folded rocks to the south of the Anthracite belt, CH4 ± CO2 fluid inclusions indicate a sediment load that was up to 16.3 km thick. Re-equilibrated aqueous fluid inclusions from veins in Silurian through Devonian rocks give the same range of trapping conditions but a wide range of fluid salinities suggesting that folding, fracturing, and meteoric recharge resulted in the intermixing of fluids from throughout the stratigraphic succession.
宾夕法尼亚州东部无烟煤带宾夕法尼亚岩石英脉中的流体包裹体微测温和拉曼光谱支持煤化的深埋模型,有利于集中的造山热流体流。CH4±CO2饱和水性流体和CH4±CO2包裹体的高温(250至255 °C)捕集表明,流体捕集深度为11.5至13.4千米,覆盖在宾夕法尼亚至二叠纪(?)的综合构造荷载之下。在无烟煤带南部的褶皱岩中,CH4 ± CO2 流体包裹体表明沉积物厚度达 16.3 千米。从志留纪到泥盆纪岩石中的矿脉中重新平衡的含水流体包裹体给出了相同范围的捕集条件,但流体盐度范围很广,这表明褶皱、断裂和流星补给导致了整个地层演替中流体的混合。
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引用次数: 0
Influence of tectonic evolution processes on burial, thermal maturation and gas generation histories of the Wufeng-Longmaxi shale in the Sichuan Basin and adjacent areas 构造演化过程对四川盆地及邻近地区五峰-龙马溪页岩埋藏、热熟化及成气历史的影响
IF 5.6 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.coal.2024.104642
Shuyong Shi , Yunpeng Wang , Chengsheng Chen , Jinzhong Liu , Ping'an Peng
The Wufeng-Longmaxi (WL) shale is widely distributed in the Sichuan Basin and adjacent areas in southwest China. The basin experienced multiple-stage complex tectonic movements, whose influences on burial, thermal maturation and gas generation histories in different areas are poorly understood. Based on a detailed study of the denudation stages, strata thickness, and thermal history of the basin, burial and thermal maturation histories of seven wells in different areas were modelled using PetroMod software. Due to the high maturity of the WL shale, a low-maturity Silurian Polish Llandovery shale was used for gold tube closed-system pyrolysis experiments to obtain kinetic parameters for evaluating methane generation history. The Polish shale was selected due to its depositional age, sedimentary environment and organic type, which are similar to the WL shale. The burial history of the WL shale can be divided into five stages: I. Early to Middle Silurian rapid burial; II. Caledonian uplift and denudation; III. Permian to Triassic sustained burial and denudation; IV. sustained burial since the Late Triassic; and V. Late Cretaceous to present sustained uplift and denudation. The thermal maturity of the WL shale in all wells increased with burial depth during stage IV. In addition, high calculated reflectance increments in wells JY1 and N201 during stage III occurred due to the relatively high basal heat flow and deep burial depth, resulting in higher current thermal maturities than in the other wells. The late Permian–Early Triassic and the Middle Jurassic–Early (or Late) Cretaceous were the key methane generation periods for wells JY1 and N201. In contrast, the other five wells had a single methane generation stage, mainly determined by burial and thermal maturation processes. The time of uplift and the amount of denudation during stage V, the current burial depth, the development of faults and fractures, high proportion of retention and the seal capacity of the overlying caprock are key factors for shale gas preservation. Hence, this study will help guide future shale gas development in the Sichuan Basin.
五峰-龙马溪(WL)页岩广泛分布于中国西南的四川盆地及其邻近地区。盆地经历了多期复杂构造运动,对不同地区的埋藏、热熟化和成气历史的影响尚不十分清楚。在对盆地的剥蚀阶段、地层厚度和热历史进行详细研究的基础上,利用 PetroMod 软件模拟了不同地区 7 口井的埋藏和热成熟历史。由于 WL 页岩的成熟度较高,因此使用了低成熟度的志留纪波兰 Llandovery 页岩进行金管封闭系统热解实验,以获得评估甲烷生成历史的动力学参数。之所以选择波兰页岩,是因为其沉积年代、沉积环境和有机物类型与 WL 页岩相似。WL 页岩的埋藏历史可分为五个阶段:I. 早志留纪至中志留纪快速埋藏;II.加里东期隆起和剥蚀;III.二叠纪至三叠纪的持续埋藏和剥蚀;IV. 三叠纪晚期以来的持续埋藏;V. 白垩纪晚期至今的持续隆起和剥蚀。在第四阶段,所有油井中 WL 页岩的热成熟度随着埋藏深度的增加而增加。此外,由于基底热流相对较高,埋藏深度较深,第三阶段 JY1 井和 N201 井的计算反射率增量较高,导致当前的热成熟度高于其他井。二叠纪晚期-三叠纪早期和侏罗纪中期-白垩纪早期(或晚期)是 JY1 井和 N201 井产生甲烷的关键时期。相比之下,其他五口井只有一个甲烷生成阶段,主要由埋藏和热成熟过程决定。第五阶段的隆起时间和剥蚀量、目前的埋藏深度、断层和裂缝的发育、高比例的滞留以及上覆盖层岩体的密封能力是页岩气保存的关键因素。因此,本研究将有助于指导四川盆地未来的页岩气开发。
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引用次数: 0
Devolatilization behaviour of Kolubara and Kostolac lignite (Serbia) during the combustion process: A case study 科卢巴拉和科斯托拉茨褐煤(塞尔维亚)在燃烧过程中的脱灰行为:案例研究
IF 5.6 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.coal.2024.104641
Miodrag Životić , Nenad Nikolić , Dragoslava Stojiljković , Danica Bajuk-Bogdanović , Dragana Životić
In this study the devolatization behaviour of lignite samples, of various grain sizes, on a wire mesh reactor is evaluated. Lignite samples were rapidly heated at four different temperatures (300, 500, 700 and 900 °C). The feed lignite reveals a high content of huminite, a low inertinite and liptinite contents in the Kostolac samples and a slightly higher liptinite content in the Kolubara samples. The char obtained at 300 °C and 500 °C shows slight petrographic and chemical changes. The major changes in chemical and petrographic compositions were observed in char heated at higher temperatures (700 °C and 900 °C). FTIR spectral data for both Kolubara and Kostolac lignite samples reveal a decrease in aliphatic- and oxygen­containing structures with increase in temperatures from 300 to 700 °C. The lack of aliphatic and oxygen-containing structures, the breakdown of clay minerals and negligible amount of water are detected in samples devolatilized at 900 °C where aromatic structures dominate.
Huminite reflectance of initial samples confirms the low rank (lignite) of all the samples. Char of all grain sizes obtained at 300 °C and 500 °C showed very small changes in the maceral composition and reflectance value and still corresponded to lignite rank. A significant change in maceral composition and increase reflectance is observed in char obtained at 700 °C and 900 °C of all grain sizes.
本研究评估了不同粒度的褐煤样品在金属丝网反应器上的脱灰行为。褐煤样品在四种不同温度(300、500、700 和 900 ℃)下快速加热。进料褐煤的腐植质含量较高,科斯托拉茨样品的惰性石和锂辉石含量较低,而科卢巴拉样品的锂辉石含量略高。在 300 °C 和 500 °C 下获得的炭显示出轻微的岩相和化学变化。在较高温度(700 °C和900 °C)下加热的炭中观察到了化学成分和岩相成分的主要变化。Kolubara 和 Kostolac 褐煤样品的傅立叶变换红外光谱数据显示,随着温度从 300 ℃ 升高到 700 ℃,脂肪族和含氧结构减少。在 900 °C 下脱硅的样品中检测到了脂肪族和含氧结构的缺乏、粘土矿物的分解以及可忽略不计的水量,其中芳香族结构占主导地位。在 300 ℃ 和 500 ℃ 下获得的各种粒度的炭,其宏观成分和反射率值的变化非常小,仍然与褐煤等级相符。在 700 °C和 900 °C下获得的所有粒度的炭,其宏观成分发生了明显变化,反射率也有所提高。
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引用次数: 0
The effects of sample preparation on the interpretation of pyrolysis-based organic matter analysis in immature oil shale 样品制备对基于热解的未成熟油页岩有机物分析解释的影响
IF 5.6 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1016/j.coal.2024.104648
Zibin Zhao, Ralf Littke, Christoph Hartkopf-Fröder
Oil shale as well as shale oil and shale gas are significant energy resources with huge reserves present in different parts of the world. Various geochemical proxies have been applied to assess the petroleum potential of oil shales with samples pre-treated in various ways, e.g. as whole rock or demineralized sample or as solvent extracted rock/kerogen. In this respect, it is important to understand and quantify, how achieved geochemical parameters are influenced by pre-treatment. In this study, a systematic comparison is presented based on a study on i) whole rock, ii) extracted whole rock, iii) kerogen concentrate, and iv) extracted kerogen concentrate obtained after solvent extraction of demineralized shales. In total, seven immature, organic matter-rich samples from the Miocene lacustrine sediments of the Nördlinger Ries impact crater, Germany, were pretreated in this way leading to overall 28 samples. A set of elemental analysis (C, H, N), Rock-Eval pyrolysis, and Curie Point-pyrolysis–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry measurements were performed on these pretreated samples. Mineral matter removal leads to significant increase of total organic carbon, but also thermally evaporable and pyrolytically cracked organic matter (Rock-Eval S1 and S2 peaks). To some extent, labile organic matter represented in the original S2 peak can be destructed by mineral removal with hydrochloric and hydrofluoric acid, as shown by elevated values of PI [S1/(S1 + S2)] after demineralization. The organic matter type tends to be more petroleum-prone with raised hydrogen index (HI) and aliphaticity values after demineralization, while Rock-Eval Tmax values commonly applied as parameters for thermal maturity tend to decrease, though not for all samples.
油页岩以及页岩油和页岩气是重要的能源资源,在世界各地都有巨大的储量。为了评估油页岩的石油潜力,人们采用了各种地球化学代用指标,并以各种方式对样本进行预处理,例如作为整块岩石或脱矿样本,或作为溶剂萃取的岩石/岩浆。因此,了解和量化预处理对地球化学参数的影响非常重要。在这项研究中,我们对以下几种样品进行了系统的比较:i) 整块岩石;ii) 提取的整块岩石;iii) 浓缩角质原;iv) 溶剂萃取脱矿页岩后提取的浓缩角质原。通过这种方法对来自德国诺尔德林格-里斯撞击坑中新世湖相沉积物的 7 个未成熟、富含有机质的样本进行了预处理,总共得到 28 个样本。对这些经过预处理的样品进行了一系列元素分析(C、H、N)、Rock-Eval 热解和居里点热解-气相色谱-质谱测量。除去矿物质后,总有机碳显著增加,热蒸发和热解裂解有机物(Rock-Eval S1 和 S2 峰)也显著增加。在某种程度上,用盐酸和氢氟酸去除矿物质可以破坏原始 S2 峰中的易变有机物,脱矿后 PI [S1/(S1 + S2)]值升高就说明了这一点。有机质类型更倾向于石油化,脱矿后氢指数(HI)和脂肪族值升高,而通常用作热成熟度参数的 Rock-Eval Tmax 值趋于降低,但并非所有样品都是如此。
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引用次数: 0
Palynofacies as sea-level-sensitive proxy in Early Cretaceous marine mudstones – A critical evaluation 作为早白垩世海相泥岩中海平面敏感代用指标的古生界--批判性评价
IF 5.6 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1016/j.coal.2024.104645
Hauke Thöle , Ulrich Heimhofer , André Bornemann , Jochen Erbacher
Stratigraphic distribution patterns of particulate organic matter (POM) have been widely used for facies recognition and paleoenvironmental interpretation as well as to decipher proximal to distal trends within fine-grained sediments. The Lower Cretaceous mudstone-dominated succession in the eastern Lower Saxony Basin (LSB) offers an excellent opportunity to critically evaluate such palynofacies parameters, commonly used to identify transgressive-regressive (T-R) cycles in marine sediments. For the seemingly monotonous succession, a robust sequence stratigraphic framework has been previously established by integrating high-resolution elemental intensity data from X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) core scanning and biostratigraphy from four drill cores. In this study, the composition and distribution of the POM has been assessed by analysis of 220 strew mounts using transmitted-light microscopy. Overall, the POM composition indicates deposition in a mud-dominated proximal to distal shelf setting. The ratio of opaque versus translucent phytoclasts (OP/TR ratio) shows a distinct long-term increase from the Berriasian onwards with maximum values during the early Hauterivian, followed by a subsequent decrease in OP/TR ratio. This trend broadly reflects the overall T-R evolution of the succession interpreted from Si/Al changes. This also applies to the size and sorting of opaque phytoclasts, with the greatest amplitude changes in opaque particle size parameters being observed in the more proximal deposits of the studied succession. On the other hand, the ratio of terrestrial versus marine palynomorphs (T/M ratio), often applied as indicator of proximal to distal trends and distances from the coastline, shows no correlation with the T-R cycles. Systematic long- and short-term trends visible in T/M ratio correspond to variations in the XRF-derived Ca/Ti stratigraphic trend, which is interpreted to reflect variations in carbonate content. This may indicate that the T/M ratio in the LSB is largely controlled by variations in marine palynomorph flux, probably related to productivity changes of the organic-walled microplankton.
颗粒有机质(POM)的地层分布模式已被广泛用于面相识别和古环境解释,以及解读细粒沉积物的近远期趋势。下萨克森盆地(LSB)东部以泥岩为主的下白垩统演替为批判性评估此类古地貌参数提供了绝佳的机会,这些参数通常用于识别海洋沉积物中的递变-递减(T-R)周期。对于看似单调的演替,以前曾通过整合 X 射线荧光 (XRF) 岩心扫描的高分辨率元素强度数据和四个钻探岩心的生物地层学数据,建立了一个稳健的序列地层框架。本研究使用透射光显微镜分析了 220 块岩屑卡纸,评估了 POM 的组成和分布。总体而言,POM 的组成表明沉积在以泥浆为主的近陆架至远陆架环境中。不透明与半透明植物钙钛矿的比率(OP/TR 比率)显示出明显的长期增长趋势,从贝里亚世开始,OP/TR 比率在豪特里维世早期达到最大值,随后有所下降。这一趋势大致反映了根据硅/铝变化解释的演替的整体 T-R 演化。这也适用于不透明植物碎屑的大小和分类,在所研究的演替中,不透明颗粒大小参数的变化幅度最大。另一方面,陆生与海生古乐果的比率(T/M 比率)通常被用作近端与远端趋势以及与海岸线距离的指标,但该比率与 T-R 周期没有相关性。T/M 比率中可见的系统性长期和短期趋势与 XRF 导出的 Ca/Ti 地层趋势的变化相对应,后者被解释为反映碳酸盐含量的变化。这可能表明,LSB 中的 T/M 比值在很大程度上受海洋古生物通量变化的控制,可能与有机壁微小浮游生物的生产力变化有关。
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引用次数: 0
Coke-based proppant for coalbed methane technology 用于煤层气技术的焦基支撑剂
IF 5.6 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1016/j.coal.2024.104647
Rafał Morga, Krzysztof Labus, Tomasz Suponik
The production of ultra-light weight coke proppants for fracturing coal bed methane deposits is presented. The raw material is blast-furnace coke, foundry coke and a coke breeze. The method used obtains coke proppants that meet all the requirements of the ISO 13503-2:2006/Amd.1:2009 standard for proppants used in hydraulic fracturing, with the exception of crush resistance. They have porosity up to 40 % and they are mainly macroporous materials, containing predominantly cylindrical, less frequently bottle-shaped or wedge-shaped pores. The proppants with the lowest crush rate were obtained from the blast furnace coke (CSR > 65 %).
介绍了用于压裂煤层气矿床的超轻型焦炭支撑剂的生产情况。原材料是高炉焦炭、铸造焦炭和焦炭微风。采用这种方法生产的焦炭支撑剂符合 ISO 13503-2:2006/Amd.1:2009《水力压裂支撑剂》标准的所有要求,但抗压强度除外。它们的孔隙率最高可达 40%,主要是大孔材料,主要含有圆柱形孔隙,较少含有瓶形或楔形孔隙。压碎率最低的支撑剂来自高炉焦炭(CSR > 65 %)。
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引用次数: 0
Net primary productivity of paleo-peatlands linked to deep-time glacial periods in the late Carboniferous and early Permian icehouse interval 与石炭纪晚期和二叠纪早期冰川期有关的古高原净初级生产力
IF 5.6 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1016/j.coal.2024.104644
Yanwen Shao , Fenghua Zhao , Baruch Spiro , Dehui Li , Guangyuan Mu , Jiangman Chu , Jing Lu , Longyi Shao
<div><div>Peatlands, an important organic carbon reservoir, play a crucial role in the global carbon cycle. The carbon accumulation of peatlands, reflected by net primary productivity (NPP), can have an impact on global carbon cycling and climate change. The late Carboniferous - early Permian is an icehouse period, during which numerous thick coal beds were accumulated in the North China Block (NCB) located within a low-latitude area, providing an opportunity for studying the carbon cycling under the glacial and interglacial climates. In this study, spectral analysis was performed on the natural gamma-ray (GR) logs of the Benxi, Taiyuan, and Shanxi formations of the late Carboniferous to early Permian in a borehole section located within the Ordos Basin in western NCB. Cyclic signals related to astronomical orbital parameters were identified, including long eccentricity (∼405 kyr), short eccentricity (∼125 kyr and ∼ 95 kyr), and obliquity (∼35.5 kyr). A floating astronomical time scale was established by using the long eccentricity signal, and this time scale was further used to constrain the durations of the accumulation of coal-forming paleo-peatlands. The paleo-peatland for the C<sub>8+9</sub> coal seam (9 m thick) of the Taiyuan Formation lasted approximately 203 kyr, and the paleo-peatland for the C5 coal seam (4 m thick) of the Shanxi Formation lasted approximately 46 kyr. Using this timeframe and an estimation of carbon loss during coalification, the carbon accumulation rates of the late Carboniferous - early Permian low-latitude peatlands are calculated to be 104.7 ± 14.9 g·<em>C</em>·m<sup>−2</sup>·a<sup>−1</sup>for the C<sub>8+9</sub> coal seam and 192.6 ± 11.6 g·<em>C</em>·m<sup>−2</sup>·a<sup>−1</sup>for the C<sub>5</sub> coal seam. The NPP of the paleo-peatlands, which deducts a part of the carbon loss caused by the loss of CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub>, can be calculated from the carbon accumulation rates. The calculated average NPP of the paleo-peatlands for the C<sub>8+9</sub> seam was 199 ± 28 g·<em>C</em>·m<sup>−2</sup>·a<sup>−1</sup>, and that of the C<sub>5</sub> seam was 366 ± 22 g·<em>C</em>·m<sup>−2</sup>·a<sup>−1</sup>. In combination with the absolute time scale calibrated by high-precision U<img>Pb dates from Palougou section in western NCB, the depositional time of the investigated strata was constrained to be from 300.1 ± 0.5 Ma to 294.3 ± 0.5 Ma. The coal seams of the late Carboniferous to early Permian in the NCB correspond to an interglacial interval around ∼298 Ma. The peatland with a lower NPP corresponds to the warming stage and the peatland with a higher NPP corresponds to the cooling stage. This implies that a lower NPP of paleo-peatland tends to be less efficient in carbon storage, and could not reduce the atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> substantially. In contrast, a higher NPP of paleo-peatland tends to accelerate carbon fixation, leading to temperature decrease and the termination of interglacial interval in
泥炭地是一个重要的有机碳库,在全球碳循环中发挥着至关重要的作用。泥炭地的碳积累通过净初级生产力(NPP)反映出来,可对全球碳循环和气候变化产生影响。石炭纪晚期-二叠纪早期是冰室时期,位于低纬度地区的华北地块积累了大量厚煤层,为研究冰期和间冰期气候下的碳循环提供了机会。本研究对位于华北地块西部鄂尔多斯盆地的一个钻孔剖面中石炭纪晚期至二叠纪早期的本溪、太原和山西地层的天然伽马射线(GR)测井资料进行了光谱分析。发现了与天文轨道参数有关的周期信号,包括长偏心率(∼405 kyr)、短偏心率(∼125 kyr和∼95 kyr)和斜度(∼35.5 kyr)。利用长偏心率信号建立了浮动天文时间尺度,并进一步利用这一时间尺度来约束成煤古陆的堆积时间。太原地层 C8+9 煤层(厚 9 米)的古陆持续了约 203 千年,山西地层 C5 煤层(厚 4 米)的古陆持续了约 46 千年。根据这一时间范围和煤化过程中碳损失的估计,计算出石炭纪晚期-二叠纪早期低纬度泥炭地的碳积累率,C8+9煤层为104.7 ± 14.9 g-C-m-2-a-1,C5煤层为192.6 ± 11.6 g-C-m-2-a-1。根据碳积累率可以计算出古高原的净生产力(NPP),其中扣除了二氧化碳和甲烷流失造成的部分碳损失。计算得出的 C8+9 地层古高原平均净生产力为 199 ± 28 g-C-m-2-a-1,C5 地层为 366 ± 22 g-C-m-2-a-1。结合由北卡罗来纳州西部帕卢古断面的高精度 UPb 年代标定的绝对时间尺度,所调查地层的沉积时间被推定为 300.1 ± 0.5 Ma 至 294.3 ± 0.5 Ma。北加州盆地石炭纪晚期至二叠纪早期的煤层对应的冰期约为∼298 Ma。净生产力较低的泥炭地对应于气候变暖阶段,净生产力较高的泥炭地对应于气候变冷阶段。这意味着净生产力较低的古泥炭地往往碳储存效率较低,不能大幅减少大气中的二氧化碳。相反,古冰川地较高的净生产力往往会加速碳固定,导致气温下降和二叠纪早期间冰期的结束。本研究的结果可以揭示古冰川发育与同期古气候记录之间的关系,有助于预测未来气候变化。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of thermal intrusion on biomarker distributions in the Alum Shale from south-central Sweden 热入侵对瑞典中南部矾土页岩生物标志物分布的影响
IF 5.6 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1016/j.coal.2024.104643
Anji Liu , Qingyong Luo , Arka Rudra , Niels Hemmingsen Schovsbo , Xiaowei Zheng , Zhiheng Zhou , Hamed Sanei
The middle (Miaolingian) to upper (Furongian) Cambrian Alum Shale Formation in the DBH15/73 core from south-central Sweden was exposed to local heat from a diabase intrusion, providing an opportunity to investigate the molecular geochemical response to thermal stress. Organic petrological observations and biomarker analyses were conducted to study changes in maturity-indicating parameters and the distribution of high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) during the maturation process. The DBH15/73 samples exhibit a maturity gradient, ranging from immature at the base to mature in the upper part of the Alum Shale Formation. Multiple maturity-based biomarker parameters were analyzed, and Ts/(Ts + Tm), M30/(M30 + H30), and Hopane H32: 22S/(22S + 22R) of saturated hydrocarbon parameters are found to be more reliable. Ratios of alkylnaphthalenes, alkylphenanthrenes, and alkyldibenzothiophenes (MNR, DNR, TMNr, TeMNr, MPI-1, MPR, MDR, and DMDR) also showed consistent correlations with thermal maturity. Thermal maturation impacted the macromolecular structure, resulting in the aromatization and demethylation, leading to MPy/Py, MChy/Chy, and the sum of unsubstituted 5-ring/4-ring PAH ratios changes with maturity. The influence of thermal maturation outweighs that of uranium radiation in this study, and maturity varies mainly with depth.
瑞典中南部的 DBH15/73 岩芯中的寒武纪中(庙岭期)至上古(芙蓉期)矾页岩层暴露在辉绿岩侵入的局部热量下,为研究热应力的分子地球化学响应提供了机会。通过有机岩石学观察和生物标记分析,研究了成熟过程中成熟指示参数的变化以及高分子量多环芳烃(PAHs)的分布情况。DBH15/73 样本呈现出成熟度梯度,从矾土页岩层底部的未成熟到上部的成熟。对多种基于成熟度的生物标志物参数进行了分析,发现饱和烃参数中的Ts/(Ts + Tm)、M30/(M30 + H30)和Hopane H32:22S/(22S + 22R)比较可靠。烷基萘、烷基菲和烷基二苯并噻吩的比率(MNR、DNR、TMNr、TeMNr、MPI-1、MPR、MDR 和 DMDR)也显示出与热成熟度一致的相关性。热成熟影响了大分子结构,导致芳香化和去甲基化,从而使 MPy/Py、MChy/Chy 和未取代的 5 环/4 环多环芳烃比率总和随成熟度而变化。在本研究中,热成熟的影响大于铀辐射的影响,成熟度主要随深度而变化。
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引用次数: 0
Disentangling causes of the limestone-marl bedding couplets in the Bridge Creek Limestone Member of the Greenhorn Formation through an integrated sedimentological and organic petrology analysis 通过对沉积学和有机岩石学的综合分析,厘清绿亨地层桥溪石灰岩组石灰岩-泥灰岩叠层的成因
IF 5.6 2区 工程技术 Q2 ENERGY & FUELS Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1016/j.coal.2024.104640
Zhiyang Li , Maria Mastalerz
Although limestone-marl bedding couplets in the Cenomanian-Turonian Bridge Creek Limestone (BCL) have been widely attributed to changes in environmental conditions ultimately driven by Earth's orbital cycles, the causes of short-term variations in organic matter (OM) enrichment and composition (i.e., types and proportions of different macerals) in the bedding couplets through the BCL have rarely been examined in detail. To fill this gap, this study examined the BCL through an integrated sedimentological and organic petrology analysis. With the well-developed depositional context, organic petrology analysis was conducted on 17 samples from seven limestone-marl bedding couplets consisting of different sedimentary facies types in the USGS #1 Portland Core to systematically examine differences in the maceral composition among different expressions of the limestone-marl bedding couplets. The BCL in the #1 Portland Core has overall low thermal maturity (∼0.60 % vitrinite reflectance). All BCL samples contain dominant marine OM including bituminite (dominantly micrinized), alginite, and liptodetrinite and minor but persistently present terrigenous OM including vitrinite and inertinite. The OM composition and characteristics, combined with sedimentary facies characteristics and TOC data, suggest that the OM enrichment and preservation through the BCL is subject to various processes such as bottom current reworking and burial, bioturbation, early diagenesis, and pulses of volcanic ash input. The interplay of these processes led to changes in sedimentation rate, which can be associated with short-term relative changes in sea level and episodic volcanic input. Direct examinations of the composition and texture of OM in fine-grained sedimentary rocks can provide valuable insights into the causes of short-term variations in depositional conditions on a process basis, which should be integrated with other datasets (e.g., sedimentology, geochemistry) to fully resolve the specific mechanism(s) that modulated sedimentation in similar fine-grained marine systems characterized by apparently cyclic lithological alternations.
尽管人们普遍认为仙人纪-都龙纪桥溪石灰岩(BCL)中的石灰岩-泥灰岩层理对偶是由地球轨道周期最终驱动的环境条件变化造成的,但很少有人详细研究过BCL层理对偶中有机质(OM)富集和组成(即不同大分子的类型和比例)短期变化的原因。为了填补这一空白,本研究通过沉积学和有机岩石学综合分析对 BCL 进行了研究。在完善的沉积背景下,对美国地质调查局 1 号波特兰岩芯中由不同沉积面类型组成的 7 个石灰岩-泥灰岩层对中的 17 个样品进行了有机岩石学分析,以系统地研究石灰岩-泥灰岩层对中不同表现形式的岩浆成分差异。波特兰 1 号岩心中的 BCL 总体热成熟度较低(玻璃光泽反射率为 0.60%)。所有 BCL 样品都含有主要的海洋 OM,包括沥青质(主要是微粒化)、藻酸盐和锂辉石,以及少量但持续存在的陆相 OM,包括玻璃石和惰性石。OM 的组成和特征与沉积面特征和总有机碳数据相结合,表明通过 BCL 富集和保存的 OM 受各种过程的影响,如底流再加工和掩埋、生物扰动、早期成岩作用和火山灰输入脉冲。这些过程的相互作用导致了沉积速率的变化,而沉积速率的变化可能与海平面的短期相对变化和偶发性火山输入有关。对细粒沉积岩中有机质的组成和质地进行直接研究,可以提供有价值的见解,从过程的基础上了解沉积条件短期变化的原因,这些见解应与其他数据集(如沉积学、地球化学)结合起来,以全面解决调节以明显的周期性岩性变化为特征的类似细粒海洋系统沉积作用的具体机制问题。
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引用次数: 0
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International Journal of Coal Geology
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