洞察阿富汗土壤中三叶草根瘤菌的遗传和生理特征

Safiullah Habibi, Michiko Yasuda, Shafiqullah Aryan, Tadashi Yokoyama, Kalimullah Saighani, Naoko Ohkama‐Ohtsu
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摘要

阿富汗的畜牧业生产高度依赖放牧和苜蓿饲料,而苜蓿是牧场和饲料作物的重要组成部分。本研究阐明了不同生态区域苜蓿根瘤菌的遗传多样性及其对苜蓿生长的影响。本研究共分离了 57 株根瘤菌,并通过 16S rRNA 和 nifD 基因研究了它们的遗传多样性。将分离的根瘤菌接种到三叶草(阿富汗当地品种)上,研究其固氮潜力和对三叶草生长的影响。16S rRNA 基因分析显示,根瘤菌(94.7%)和 Ensifer(5.3%)是两个不同的物种群。nifD 系统发育关系显示与根瘤菌高度相似,并有一个接近于豆科根瘤菌的新品系群。在植物试验中,与未接种的植物相比,不同基因型的植物生物量显著增加(p < 0.01)。与未接种植物(144.0 毫克/株)相比,基因型中 PC8(1769.0 毫克/株)和 PC9(1409.2 毫克/株)分离物的植物生物量最高。此外,这些分离物的最大固氮率分别为 8.2 和 6.5 µM/株。这些分离物被确定为最有希望在阿富汗开发生物肥料的根瘤菌株。
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Insights into Genetic and Physiological Characteristics of Clover Rhizobia in Afghanistan Soils
Livestock production in Afghanistan highly relies on grazing and clover feed, which is a key component of pastures and forage crops. This study elucidated the genetic diversity of clover-nodulating rhizobia in different ecological regions and their effects on clover growth. A total of 57 rhizobia were isolated and their genetic diversities were studied through 16S rRNA and nifD genes. The isolates were inoculated to clover (Afghan local variety), to investigate the potential of nitrogen fixation and influences of clover growth. The 16S rRNA gene analysis showed two distinct groups of Rhizobium (94.7%) and Ensifer (5.3%) species. The nifD phylogenetic relationship revealed a high similarity to Rhizobium and a novel lineage group close to Rhizobium leguminosarum species. In the plant test, different genotypes significantly (p < 0.01) exhibited an increase in plant biomass production, compared to the un-inoculated plants. Among genotypes, the highest plant biomass was recorded in PC8 (1769.0 mg/plant) and PC9 (1409.2 mg/plant) isolates as compared to un-inoculated plants (144.0 mg/plant). Moreover, these isolates showed maximum nitrogen fixation rates of 8.2 and 6.5 µM/plant, respectively. These isolates were identified as the most promising rhizobial strains for developing biofertilizers in the context of Afghanistan.
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