工艺参数变化对 PBF-LB/M 中 IN718 结构微观结构和失效行为的实验研究

Hannes Panzer, J. Diller, Fabian Ehrenfels, Jonathan Brandt, Michael F. Zäh
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摘要

传统的制造技术,如铣削或铸造,在生产零件的可制造复杂性方面受到限制。它们在机械性能的局部可修改性方面也受到限制。快速成型技术,特别是使用激光束的金属粉末床熔融技术(PBF-LB/M),是一种新颖的方法,能够解决这两个局限性。然而,在 PBF-LB/M 过程中和之后的使用过程中,由于热引起的局部应力强度较高,所生产的零件往往容易开裂。在制造过程中选择性地修改工艺参数是降低局部失效敏感性的合适策略。在本研究过程中,使用不同的激光功率、舱口距离和扫描速度制作了镍基超合金 Inconel 718 样品。样品被分为应力裂纹试样以及静态和动态拉伸试验试样。对晶粒结构进行了研究,并确定了微观结构与开裂敏感性之间的相关性。研究发现,激光功率的变化对晶粒结构和破坏行为的影响最为明显。晶粒尺寸的增大增强了应力裂纹样品的抗断裂性,而静态和动态机械性能则有所下降。基于这些结果,PBF-LB/M 的应用领域有可能拓宽,因为它可以制造容易受应力开裂影响的零件。通过局部工艺参数调整,可保持已制造零件的机械性能不变。
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Experimental investigation of process parameter variations on the microstructure and failure behavior of IN718 structures in PBF-LB/M
Conventional manufacturing technologies, such as milling or casting, are limited in terms of the manufacturable complexity of the parts to be produced. They are also restricted in terms of the local modifiability of the mechanical properties. Additive manufacturing, specifically the Powder Bed Fusion of Metals using a Laser Beam (PBF-LB/M), is a novel method, which is capable of addressing both limitations. However, the resulting parts are often prone to cracking during PBF-LB/M and in the service afterward because of high thermally induced local stress intensities. Selectively modifying the process parameters during the fabrication can be a suitable strategy to locally reduce the failure susceptibility. Over the course of this study, samples made from the nickel-based superalloy Inconel 718 were manufactured with varying laser powers, hatch distances, and scan speeds. The samples were divided into stress crack specimens as well as static and dynamic tensile test specimens. The grain structure was investigated, and correlations between the microstructure and the cracking susceptibility were determined. It was found out that variations in the laser power had the most pronounced effect on the grain structure and the failure behavior. An increasing grain size enhanced the fracture resistance in the stress crack samples while the static and dynamic mechanical properties deteriorated. Based on these results, the application area of PBF-LB/M could potentially be widened due to the manufacturability of parts otherwise susceptible to stress-induced cracking. The mechanical properties of as-built parts can remain unchanged utilizing a local process parameter adaption.
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