青年、中年和老年人的认知疲劳:反应时间分布法

IF 1.8 3区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL Journal of Adult Development Pub Date : 2024-01-16 DOI:10.1007/s10804-023-09471-6
Jessica Gilsoul, Vincent Libertiaux, Frédérique Depierreux, Fabienne Collette
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引用次数: 0

摘要

认知疲劳产生于长时间的任务之后,反应时间(RTs)的增加就证明了这一点。然而,大多数研究都集中在年轻人身上。因此,我们通过三个年龄组--青年、中年和老年人--在 160 分钟的 Stroop 任务中反应时间分布的变化来研究认知疲劳。任务持续时间被分为四个区块,从每个区块中每个项目类型的单个RT分布中提取前高斯参数(μ、σ、τ)。结果表明,μ具有明显的群体效应。青壮年的μ值小于其他两个群体,这意味着中老年人完成整个任务的速度比青壮年慢。相比之下,τ 在中年人中没有显示出群体效应,但随着任务时间的延长而增加。老年人的τ并没有随着任务时间的延长而增加,这与研究显示老年人对任务单调性有一定的抵抗力相呼应。总体而言,我们的研究结果表明,年龄和任务时间对前高斯参数的影响是不同的,这证实了这种方法在认知疲劳领域的相关性。我们在此提出,认知疲劳只影响反应产生的决策部分,中年可能是对认知疲劳高度敏感的人生阶段。
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Cognitive Fatigue in Young, Middle-Aged, and Older Adults: A Response Time Distribution Approach

Cognitive fatigue arises after a long-lasting task, as attested by increases in reaction times (RTs). However, most studies have focused on young adults. Therefore, we investigated cognitive fatigue through changes in RT distributions in three age groups—young, middle-aged, and older adults—during a 160-min Stroop task. Task duration was divided into four blocks and the ex-Gaussian parameters (μ, σ, τ) were extracted from individual RT distributions in each time block for each item type. The results showed a significant Group effect on μ. Young adults had smaller μ values than the other two groups, meaning that middle-aged and older people performed the whole task slower than young adults. By contrast, τ showed no Group effect but increased with Time-on-Task in middle-aged people. Older adults did not show τ increase with Time-on-Task, which echoes studies showing some resistance to task monotony in this population. Globally, our results showed dissociated age and Time-on-Task effect on the ex-Gaussian parameters, confirming the relevance of this approach in the cognitive fatigue domain. We proposed here that cognitive fatigue affects only the decision component of response production, and that midlife may be a life stage with high sensitivity to cognitive fatigue.

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来源期刊
Journal of Adult Development
Journal of Adult Development PSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENTAL-
CiteScore
3.90
自引率
4.50%
发文量
43
期刊介绍: The Journal of Adult Development is an interdisciplinary journal covering development in early adulthood, midlife, and later adulthood. The Journal supports innovative theoretical and empirical articles that help direct the future of our field. Critical issues include the importance of life-long education, work and family changes, and physical and mental health influencing adult development. In addition, the impact of personality, emotions, cognition, and biomarkers are areas of interest. The Journal of Adult Development emphasizes the importance of interindividual differences and contextual issues influencing adult development. Interventions that promote optimal development throughout the adult life span are also welcome.
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