点源的最佳光度测量:在阵列探测器上联合确定源通量和背景--从理论到实际应用

IF 3.3 3区 物理与天体物理 Q2 ASTRONOMY & ASTROPHYSICS Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI:10.1088/1538-3873/ad0ca3
Mario L. Vicuña, Jorge F. Silva, Rene A. Mendez, Marcos E. Orchard, Sebastian Espinosa, Jeremy Tregloan-Reed
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文研究了数字阵列探测器观测到的点源的源通量和背景通量的联合确定。我们明确地计算了二维克拉梅尔-拉奥绝对下界(CRLB)以及广义泰勒展开的高维隐式估计器的性能边界。通过后面的方法,我们可以得到联合估计器的偏差和方差的可计算处方。我们将这些规定与加权最小二乘估计器(引入改进版本,称为随机加权最小二乘)以及最大似然估计器的数值模拟经验结果进行了比较,发现两者非常一致。我们证明,这些估计器提供了通量和背景的准无偏联合估计,其方差非常接近 CRLB,因此是最优的,这与天文测光中常用的次优顺序估计不同。我们将我们的预测与实际观测的数值模拟以及用 TESS 观测到的真正的不可变恒星源进行了比较,并将其与背景和通量的顺序估计结果进行了比较,证实了我们的理论预期。我们的实用估算器可作为一般测光管道的基准,或用于要求绝对测光最大精度和准确度的应用。
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Optimal Photometry of Point Sources: Joint Source Flux and Background Determination on Array Detectors—from Theory to Practical Implementation
In this paper we study the joint determination of source and background flux for point sources as observed by digital array detectors. We explicitly compute the two-dimensional Cramér–Rao absolute lower bound (CRLB) as well as the performance bounds for high-dimensional implicit estimators from a generalized Taylor expansion. This later approach allows us to obtain computable prescriptions for the bias and variance of the joint estimators. We compare these prescriptions with empirical results from numerical simulations in the case of the weighted least squares estimator (introducing an improved version, denoted stochastic weighted least-squares) as well as with the maximum likelihood estimator, finding excellent agreement. We demonstrate that these estimators provide quasi-unbiased joint estimations of the flux and background, with a variance that approaches the CRLB very tightly and are, hence, optimal, unlike the case of sequential estimation used commonly in astronomical photometry which is sub-optimal. We compare our predictions with numerical simulations of realistic observations, as well as with observations of a bona fide non-variable stellar source observed with TESS, and compare it to the results from the sequential estimation of background and flux, confirming our theoretical expectations. Our practical estimators can be used as benchmarks for general photometric pipelines, or for applications that require maximum precision and accuracy in absolute photometry.
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来源期刊
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific
Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific 地学天文-天文与天体物理
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
5.70%
发文量
103
审稿时长
4-8 weeks
期刊介绍: The Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (PASP), the technical journal of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific (ASP), has been published regularly since 1889, and is an integral part of the ASP''s mission to advance the science of astronomy and disseminate astronomical information. The journal provides an outlet for astronomical results of a scientific nature and serves to keep readers in touch with current astronomical research. It contains refereed research and instrumentation articles, invited and contributed reviews, tutorials, and dissertation summaries.
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