Occurrence of microplastics in commercial fishes from aquatic ecosystems of northern Poland

The presence of microplastics (MP) in the organs of five fish species caught in the freshwater reservoirs of northern Poland was evaluated. Gills, liver, and digestive tracts of several commercial fish species such as common perch, silver Prussian carp, roach, and rainbow trout were tested to assess MP uptake due to their high population size as well as they play significant role as biomonitors. Since the mentioned species are gladly consumed they can be considered as a source of MP for humans. MP items were identified in all fish species. The highest contribution of MP was observed in predatory fish such as rainbow trout and perch. None of the correlations between MP abundance and fish body size. The number of items per individual fish ranged from 1 to 12, with an average of 1.78. Among the investigated MP shapes two types were found: fibers (56 %) and particles (44 %). MP were observed in different organs, such as the gills (50 %), liver (11 %), and digestive tract (39 %). The most dominant color observed was blue (58 %). The dominant size range was 1–5 mm (42 %), and 0.1–0.5 mm (42 %) respectively. The FT-IR characterization revealed the presence of polymers predominantly containing polyethylene, polypropylene, polyacrylic acid, cellophane, and polystyrene.