Pub Date : 2026-04-01Epub Date: 2026-02-04DOI: 10.1016/j.ecohyd.2026.100732
Om Prakash Maurya, Saikat Das, Manish Singh Rana, Subashisa Dutta
This study quantifies the hydrodynamic response of structural (spurs) and vegetative (rigid submerged vegetation) interventions in a straight laboratory flume with alternating submerged and emergent sandbar configurations. Six experiments (EX1-EX6) were conducted to evaluate the influence of vegetation density and spur placement on streamwise velocity, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE*), Reynolds shear stress (RSS*), and quadrant-based turbulence structures across six cross-sections. Dense vegetation (lateral and longitudinal spacing = 2.5 cm) reduced near-bank streamwise velocity by up to 45%, with the maximum suppression observed at downstream cross-sections. Spur structures produced localized flow resistance and reduced velocity by up to 30%, but their influence diminished downstream of the spur region. TKE* peaked around 4-5 near spur tips, indicating localized turbulence amplification, while dense vegetation reduced TKE* to 1.5-2, aligning with canopy height and demonstrating its role in damping energy transfer. RSS* values reached approximately 6 near spurs, signifying enhanced downward momentum exchange, whereas dense vegetation reduced RSS* to about 2, confirming suppression of vertical turbulence. Quadrant analysis showed that spurs intensified outward (Q1) and sweep (Q4) bursts, whereas dense vegetation enhanced ejection (Q2) events, promoting upward momentum transfer and reducing near-bed shear stress. Overall, dense vegetation proved more effective than structural measures in stabilizing flow and reducing turbulence, offering a sustainable approach for riverbank protection and sediment control in channel systems.
{"title":"Process-based understanding of spur and vegetation effects on channel bank hydrodynamics under submerged and emergent sandbar conditions","authors":"Om Prakash Maurya, Saikat Das, Manish Singh Rana, Subashisa Dutta","doi":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2026.100732","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2026.100732","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study quantifies the hydrodynamic response of structural (spurs) and vegetative (rigid submerged vegetation) interventions in a straight laboratory flume with alternating submerged and emergent sandbar configurations. Six experiments (EX1-EX6) were conducted to evaluate the influence of vegetation density and spur placement on streamwise velocity, turbulent kinetic energy (TKE*), Reynolds shear stress (RSS*), and quadrant-based turbulence structures across six cross-sections. Dense vegetation (lateral and longitudinal spacing = 2.5 cm) reduced near-bank streamwise velocity by up to 45%, with the maximum suppression observed at downstream cross-sections. Spur structures produced localized flow resistance and reduced velocity by up to 30%, but their influence diminished downstream of the spur region. TKE* peaked around 4-5 near spur tips, indicating localized turbulence amplification, while dense vegetation reduced TKE* to 1.5-2, aligning with canopy height and demonstrating its role in damping energy transfer. RSS* values reached approximately 6 near spurs, signifying enhanced downward momentum exchange, whereas dense vegetation reduced RSS* to about 2, confirming suppression of vertical turbulence. Quadrant analysis showed that spurs intensified outward (Q1) and sweep (Q4) bursts, whereas dense vegetation enhanced ejection (Q2) events, promoting upward momentum transfer and reducing near-bed shear stress. Overall, dense vegetation proved more effective than structural measures in stabilizing flow and reducing turbulence, offering a sustainable approach for riverbank protection and sediment control in channel systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56070,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology","volume":"26 2","pages":"Article 100732"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146116684","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-01-03DOI: 10.1016/j.ecohyd.2025.100726
Davide Taurozzi , Massimiliano Scalici
High-elevation temporary ponds (TPs) represent habitats of high ecological value, yet they are particularly vulnerable to ongoing climate change. Diatoms are excellent bioindicators, useful for detecting ecological shifts driven by natural fluctuations or anthropogenic impacts. This study investigates whether differences in the floristic composition, measured as diversity and uniqueness (i.e., the proportion of taxa occurring exclusively in one pond), of diatom communities at small spatial scales among alpine TPs (Central Apennines, Italy) are mainly driven by isolation, elevation, or environmental factors. We found that diatom diversity in alpine biomes primarily responds to local geographical gradients, which tend to obscure any detectable effects of environmental variables. Elevation plays a key role in shaping the uniqueness of diatom communities in TPs, as higher ponds host a greater proportion of exclusive taxa. Our results indicate that local environmental conditions associated with elevation override the effects of isolation (distance between ponds), leading to the development of functionally distinct diatom communities at higher altitudes. The diversity and uniqueness of diatom assemblages are influenced by a combination of geographic and, to a lesser extent, environmental factors, with elevation acting as a central driver, both enriching diversity and promoting floristically unique communities, especially in interaction with other variables. Furthermore, electrical conductivity appears to favour communities composed of similarly adapted species, likely reflecting specific ecological conditions or adaptive responses to environmental gradients. These findings highlight the importance of elevation and spatial gradients in shaping diatom community patterns in high-altitude ephemeral freshwater habitats.
{"title":"Environmental and elevational drivers of diatom diversity in alpine temporary ponds","authors":"Davide Taurozzi , Massimiliano Scalici","doi":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2025.100726","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2025.100726","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>High-elevation temporary ponds (TPs) represent habitats of high ecological value, yet they are particularly vulnerable to ongoing climate change. Diatoms are excellent bioindicators, useful for detecting ecological shifts driven by natural fluctuations or anthropogenic impacts. This study investigates whether differences in the floristic composition, measured as diversity and uniqueness (i.e., the proportion of taxa occurring exclusively in one pond), of diatom communities at small spatial scales among alpine TPs (Central Apennines, Italy) are mainly driven by isolation, elevation, or environmental factors. We found that diatom diversity in alpine biomes primarily responds to local geographical gradients, which tend to obscure any detectable effects of environmental variables. Elevation plays a key role in shaping the uniqueness of diatom communities in TPs, as higher ponds host a greater proportion of exclusive taxa. Our results indicate that local environmental conditions associated with elevation override the effects of isolation (distance between ponds), leading to the development of functionally distinct diatom communities at higher altitudes. The diversity and uniqueness of diatom assemblages are influenced by a combination of geographic and, to a lesser extent, environmental factors, with elevation acting as a central driver, both enriching diversity and promoting floristically unique communities, especially in interaction with other variables. Furthermore, electrical conductivity appears to favour communities composed of similarly adapted species, likely reflecting specific ecological conditions or adaptive responses to environmental gradients. These findings highlight the importance of elevation and spatial gradients in shaping diatom community patterns in high-altitude ephemeral freshwater habitats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56070,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology","volume":"26 1","pages":"Article 100726"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146174877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Understanding how hydrological stress alters vegetation resilience in alpine basins is central to ecohydrology and sustainable water–biota management. This study investigates elevation-dependent water–vegetation interactions and hydro-ecological vulnerability across the Jinsha River Basin (2000–2024) using harmonized ∼500 m remote-sensing data on precipitation (P), potential evapotranspiration (PET), actual evapotranspiration (ET), and leaf area index (LAI). A Water Availability Stress Index (WASI) and Aridity Index (AI) were derived to quantify hydro-climatic stress, while non-parametric trend detection (Mann–Kendall, Sen’s slope) and spatial autocorrelation analyses (Moran’s I, Getis–Ord Gi*) revealed spatial clustering and hotspots of change. Results show intensifying water deficits in 46.3% of the basin, concurrent with vegetation greening over 39.4%, a paradox indicating decoupled ecohydrological responses. Mid–high elevation zones (≈ 2,700–4,300 m) exhibited the strongest stress–productivity divergence, reflecting human-mediated vegetation enhancement under hydrological decline. A composite vulnerability index integrating trend magnitudes and water–vegetation coupling identified ∼40% of the basin as high or critical management priority. An early-warning screening framework further delineated ∼36% of the basin for periodic monitoring. The findings highlight the spatial organization of water–biota feedback under climate stress and deliver a transferable ecohydrological framework for adaptive basin management aligned with SDGs 6 and 15.
{"title":"Elevation-dependent ecohydrological decoupling and basin-scale vulnerability: A 25-year assessment of water–vegetation interactions in the Jinsha River Basin","authors":"Dongying Sun, Fatima Zahra Kherazi, Sonia Najam Shaikh","doi":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2026.100729","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2026.100729","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Understanding how hydrological stress alters vegetation resilience in alpine basins is central to ecohydrology and sustainable water–biota management. This study investigates elevation-dependent water–vegetation interactions and hydro-ecological vulnerability across the Jinsha River Basin (2000–2024) using harmonized ∼500 m remote-sensing data on precipitation (P), potential evapotranspiration (PET), actual evapotranspiration (ET), and leaf area index (LAI). A Water Availability Stress Index (WASI) and Aridity Index (AI) were derived to quantify hydro-climatic stress, while non-parametric trend detection (Mann–Kendall, Sen’s slope) and spatial autocorrelation analyses (Moran’s I, Getis–Ord Gi*) revealed spatial clustering and hotspots of change. Results show intensifying water deficits in 46.3% of the basin, concurrent with vegetation greening over 39.4%, a paradox indicating decoupled ecohydrological responses. Mid–high elevation zones (≈ 2,700–4,300 m) exhibited the strongest stress–productivity divergence, reflecting human-mediated vegetation enhancement under hydrological decline. A composite vulnerability index integrating trend magnitudes and water–vegetation coupling identified ∼40% of the basin as high or critical management priority. An early-warning screening framework further delineated ∼36% of the basin for periodic monitoring. The findings highlight the spatial organization of water–biota feedback under climate stress and deliver a transferable ecohydrological framework for adaptive basin management aligned with SDGs 6 and 15.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56070,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology","volume":"26 1","pages":"Article 100729"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146174979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-01-20DOI: 10.1016/j.ecohyd.2026.100728
Reyhan Sağlam, Ferhat Gökbulak
This study evaluated the distribution and behavior of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) along the Riva Stream (Istanbul, Türkiye) by examining accumulation patterns in riparian macrophytes and spatial changes in water quality along a pollution gradient. Five sampling points were selected as representative of upstream (S1), midstream (S2–S3), and downstream (S4–S5) sections of the stream. Four common macrophyte species (Typha latifolia, Phragmites australis, Lythrum salicaria, and Persicaria lapathifolia) were sampled together with monthly surface water during the 2024 growing season. Results showed clear spatial differences in water quality, with midstream sites (S2–S3) consistently displaying the highest PTE concentrations. Statistical analyses indicated significant effects of sites and species on metal accumulation. Plant responses reflected local contamination patterns and revealed strong species-specific differences. P. lapathifolia showed the highest accumulation of copper (Cu) and iron (Fe), reaching 275.3 mg kg⁻¹ Cu and 694.9 mg kg⁻¹ Fe at S3. L. salicaria accumulated markedly higher lead (9.7-fold) and zinc (1.8-fold) at S3 compared with the upstream site (S1). P. australis was the dominant accumulator of chromium across sites, whereas T. latifolia showed the lowest accumulation for most elements, except for cadmium. Cadmium concentrations remained low overall, with slight increases at midstream sites. These findings reveal that riparian macrophytes respond predictably to spatial pollution gradients under natural river conditions. The results support their use as bioindicators of PTE contamination and as nature-based tools for targeted riparian management, providing field-based evidence relevant to the EU Water Framework Directive and SDG targets 6.3 and 6.6.
{"title":"Responses of riparian herbaceous plants to spatio-temporal variations in water pollution: A case study from the Riva Stream","authors":"Reyhan Sağlam, Ferhat Gökbulak","doi":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2026.100728","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2026.100728","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study evaluated the distribution and behavior of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) along the Riva Stream (Istanbul, Türkiye) by examining accumulation patterns in riparian macrophytes and spatial changes in water quality along a pollution gradient. Five sampling points were selected as representative of upstream (S1), midstream (S2–S3), and downstream (S4–S5) sections of the stream. Four common macrophyte species (<em>Typha latifolia, Phragmites australis, Lythrum salicaria</em>, and <em>Persicaria lapathifolia</em>) were sampled together with monthly surface water during the 2024 growing season. Results showed clear spatial differences in water quality, with midstream sites (S2–S3) consistently displaying the highest PTE concentrations. Statistical analyses indicated significant effects of sites and species on metal accumulation. Plant responses reflected local contamination patterns and revealed strong species-specific differences. <em>P. lapathifolia</em> showed the highest accumulation of copper (Cu) and iron (Fe), reaching 275.3 mg kg⁻¹ Cu and 694.9 mg kg⁻¹ Fe at S3. <em>L. salicaria</em> accumulated markedly higher lead (9.7-fold) and zinc (1.8-fold) at S3 compared with the upstream site (S1). <em>P. australis</em> was the dominant accumulator of chromium across sites, whereas <em>T. latifolia</em> showed the lowest accumulation for most elements, except for cadmium. Cadmium concentrations remained low overall, with slight increases at midstream sites. These findings reveal that riparian macrophytes respond predictably to spatial pollution gradients under natural river conditions. The results support their use as bioindicators of PTE contamination and as nature-based tools for targeted riparian management, providing field-based evidence relevant to the EU Water Framework Directive and SDG targets 6.3 and 6.6.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56070,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology","volume":"26 1","pages":"Article 100728"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146174917","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-01-31DOI: 10.1016/j.ecohyd.2026.100736
Davide Taurozzi , Massimiliano Scalici
Temporary ponds are among the most widespread lentic ecosystems on Earth, capable of sustaining remarkably high levels of biodiversity. Their defining feature is the hydroperiod, the time span during which water remains in a liquid state. Owing to this ephemeral nature, temporary ponds host rare and specialized communities adapted to the alternation between wet and dry phases. However, high-mountain temporary ponds exhibit a distinctive hydrological cycle. For the first time, we define this pattern as a “double dry phase”, consisting of two distinct dry periods within the same annual cycle. The first is a “classic” summer dry phase, when rising temperatures and scarce precipitation cause complete desiccation. The second is a “frozen” winter dry phase, when ponds, unlike most lakes, freeze entirely due to their shallow depth (typically <8 m). Complete freezing makes these systems biologically inactive, creating a functional drought despite the physical presence of ice. This study provides the first empirical evidence of such a dual-phase hydrological cycle in high-elevation ponds of Central Italy, highlighting their extreme environmental intermittency. These unique ecosystems remain biologically active only for a few months each year, during which liquid water is available. In the context of ongoing climate change, with expected increases in both summer temperatures that could further shorten the liquid-water period, our findings offer a crucial baseline for the recognition and conservation of alpine temporary ponds as singular and vulnerable habitats.
{"title":"Double drought phases characterize the high-elevation temporary pond hydroperiod","authors":"Davide Taurozzi , Massimiliano Scalici","doi":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2026.100736","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2026.100736","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Temporary ponds are among the most widespread lentic ecosystems on Earth, capable of sustaining remarkably high levels of biodiversity. Their defining feature is the hydroperiod, the time span during which water remains in a liquid state. Owing to this ephemeral nature, temporary ponds host rare and specialized communities adapted to the alternation between wet and dry phases. However, high-mountain temporary ponds exhibit a distinctive hydrological cycle. For the first time, we define this pattern as a “double dry phase”, consisting of two distinct dry periods within the same annual cycle. The first is a “classic” summer dry phase, when rising temperatures and scarce precipitation cause complete desiccation. The second is a “frozen” winter dry phase, when ponds, unlike most lakes, freeze entirely due to their shallow depth (typically <8 m). Complete freezing makes these systems biologically inactive, creating a functional drought despite the physical presence of ice. This study provides the first empirical evidence of such a dual-phase hydrological cycle in high-elevation ponds of Central Italy, highlighting their extreme environmental intermittency. These unique ecosystems remain biologically active only for a few months each year, during which liquid water is available. In the context of ongoing climate change, with expected increases in both summer temperatures that could further shorten the liquid-water period, our findings offer a crucial baseline for the recognition and conservation of alpine temporary ponds as singular and vulnerable habitats.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56070,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology","volume":"26 1","pages":"Article 100736"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146081757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-26DOI: 10.1016/j.ecohyd.2025.100723
Katlego S. Matlou , Abe Addo-Bediako , Kwabena K. Ayisi , Monica Mwale
Wetlands in semi-arid southern Africa are increasingly threatened by combined climatic and anthropogenic stressors, yet seasonal data on water quality and biota remain scarce. We assessed 11 wetlands in the Waterberg Mountain Complex, Limpopo Province sampling during early rains and late rains. At each site we measured in-situ physico-chemical variables, quantified water-sediment heavy metals and collected benthic macroinvertebrates. Dissolved oxygen was the only physico-chemical variable showing a significant seasonal decline (11.7 mg/l early rains to 5.8 mg/l in late rains; p < 0.05). Iron exceeded Canadian guidelines in 64% of LR samples (max = 22 mg/l). Cadmium exhibited the greatest seasonal increase in sediments (p < 0.01). Diptera dominated macroinvertebrate assemblages particularly at the most metal-enriched site whereas Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera and Odonata were abundant in wetlands with higher oxygen and lower metal loads. Canonical correspondence analysis linked turbidity, conductivity and temperature with tolerant taxa (Hemiptera, Hydracarina), whereas redundancy analysis indicated zinc and cadmium strongly structured communities at polluted sites. These findings highlight oxygen limitation and localized Fe–Cr–Cd enrichment as key stressors influencing macroinvertebrate diversity. As the first integrated seasonal assessment for Waterberg wetlands, the study provides a baseline for monitoring systems facing intensifying land-use and climate pressures and underscores the need for continued multi-season biomonitoring to guide adaptive management.
非洲南部半干旱地区的湿地正日益受到气候和人为因素的综合威胁，但有关水质和生物群的季节性数据仍然很少。我们评估了林波波省Waterberg山综合体的11个湿地，在早雨和晚雨期间进行采样。在每个站点，我们测量了现场的物理化学变量，量化了水沉积物重金属，并收集了底栖大型无脊椎动物。溶解氧是唯一表现出显著季节性下降的理化变量（早雨11.7 mg/l至晚雨5.8 mg/l; p < 0.05）。在64%的LR样本中，铁含量超过了加拿大的指导标准（最高为22毫克/升）。镉在沉积物中的季节性增加最大（p < 0.01）。大型无脊椎动物群落以双翅目为主，特别是在高氧低金属负荷湿地；而在高氧低金属负荷湿地，蜉蝣目、毛翅目和齿翅目数量较多。典型对应分析将浊度、电导率和温度与耐污染的分类群（半翅目、水龙目）联系起来，而冗余分析表明锌和镉在污染地点具有强结构的群落。这些发现强调了氧气限制和局部Fe-Cr-Cd富集是影响大型无脊椎动物多样性的关键应激因子。作为沃特伯格湿地的第一个综合季节性评估，该研究为面临日益加剧的土地利用和气候压力的监测系统提供了基线，并强调了持续进行多季节生物监测以指导适应性管理的必要性。
{"title":"Spatio-seasonal variation in wetland water quality, heavy metal pollution and macroinvertebrate communities in the Waterberg Mountain Complex","authors":"Katlego S. Matlou , Abe Addo-Bediako , Kwabena K. Ayisi , Monica Mwale","doi":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2025.100723","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2025.100723","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Wetlands in semi-arid southern Africa are increasingly threatened by combined climatic and anthropogenic stressors, yet seasonal data on water quality and biota remain scarce. We assessed 11 wetlands in the Waterberg Mountain Complex, Limpopo Province sampling during early rains and late rains. At each site we measured in-situ physico-chemical variables, quantified water-sediment heavy metals and collected benthic macroinvertebrates. Dissolved oxygen was the only physico-chemical variable showing a significant seasonal decline (11.7 mg/l early rains to 5.8 mg/l in late rains; p < 0.05). Iron exceeded Canadian guidelines in 64% of LR samples (max = 22 mg/l). Cadmium exhibited the greatest seasonal increase in sediments (p < 0.01). Diptera dominated macroinvertebrate assemblages particularly at the most metal-enriched site whereas Ephemeroptera, Trichoptera and Odonata were abundant in wetlands with higher oxygen and lower metal loads. Canonical correspondence analysis linked turbidity, conductivity and temperature with tolerant taxa (Hemiptera, Hydracarina), whereas redundancy analysis indicated zinc and cadmium strongly structured communities at polluted sites. These findings highlight oxygen limitation and localized Fe–Cr–Cd enrichment as key stressors influencing macroinvertebrate diversity. As the first integrated seasonal assessment for Waterberg wetlands, the study provides a baseline for monitoring systems facing intensifying land-use and climate pressures and underscores the need for continued multi-season biomonitoring to guide adaptive management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56070,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology","volume":"26 1","pages":"Article 100723"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146174972","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-01-23DOI: 10.1016/j.ecohyd.2026.100727
Akira Lusia , Muhammad Iqbal Habibie , Iskandar Iskandar , Agung Riyadi , Doni Fernando , Suhendar I. Sachoemar , Joko Prayitno Susanto , Syaefudin Syaefudin , Iif Miftahul Ihsan , Lestario Widodo , Teguh Prayogo , Riardi Pratista Dewa , Rizky Pratama Adhi
This study examines the spatiotemporal dynamics and water quality of a tropical volcanic lake from 2019 to 2024 using five multi-temporal spectral indices—NDWI, MNDWI, BGI, NDCI, and NDTI—integrated within a machine-learning framework comprising nine algorithms, including Random Forest, XGBoost, LightGBM, SVR, ANN, and an Ensemble Voting Regressor. Water-sensitive indices (NDWI, MNDWI) effectively delineated lake extent and served as strong predictors for chlorophyll (NDCI), turbidity (NDTI), and vegetation vigor (BGI), supporting an integrated systems-based monitoring approach.
Interannual analyses revealed significant hydrological, ecological, and optical variability (p < 0.001), with spatial autocorrelation (Moran’s I, p = 0.001) highlighting geomorphology, hydrological circulation, and localized anthropogenic influences. Strong correlations in 2022 between NDCI and NDVI (r = 0.947) indicate that vegetation activity and agricultural practices drive chlorophyll dynamics, while moderate NDVI–NDTI relationships suggest sediment transport linked to land use. Precipitation contributed weakly, indicating that hydrometeorology was not the main driver of extreme water-quality events. Persistently elevated NDCI and NDTI values reflect chronic eutrophication and sedimentation.
Ensemble and tree-based models outperformed linear and distance-based approaches, capturing nonlinear interactions among spectral predictors. The Voting Regressor provided the most stable performance, including peak events such as algal blooms, and lightweight optimizations maintained high accuracy (R² = 0.78–0.97) with lower computational cost.
This study presents a robust, interpretable framework for scalable freshwater assessment, demonstrating that combining multi-spectral indices with ensemble learning can capture lake persistence, ecological stressors, and dynamic water-quality patterns, offering actionable insights for sustainable management under changing environmental and land-use conditions.
本研究利用5个多时相光谱指数（ndwi、MNDWI、BGI、NDCI和ndti），在包含随机森林（Random Forest）、XGBoost、LightGBM、SVR、ANN和Ensemble Voting Regressor等9种算法的机器学习框架内，研究了2019年至2024年热带火山湖的时空动态和水质。水敏感指数（NDWI、MNDWI）能有效地描绘湖泊范围，并能作为叶绿素（NDCI）、浊度（NDTI）和植被活力（BGI）的有力预测指标，支持基于系统的综合监测方法。年际分析揭示了显著的水文、生态和光学变化（p < 0.001），空间自相关性（Moran 's I, p = 0.001）突出了地貌、水文循环和局部人为影响。2022年NDCI和NDVI的强相关（r = 0.947）表明植被活动和农业实践驱动叶绿素动态，而NDVI - ndti的中等关系表明泥沙运移与土地利用有关。降水的贡献较弱，表明水文气象不是极端水质事件的主要驱动因素。持续升高的NDCI和NDTI值反映了慢性富营养化和沉积。集合和基于树的模型优于线性和基于距离的方法，捕获了光谱预测器之间的非线性相互作用。投票回归器提供了最稳定的性能，包括藻华等峰值事件，轻量级优化以较低的计算成本保持了较高的精度（R²= 0.78-0.97）。该研究为可扩展的淡水评估提供了一个强大的、可解释的框架，表明将多光谱指数与集合学习相结合可以捕获湖泊持久性、生态压力源和动态水质模式，为不断变化的环境和土地利用条件下的可持续管理提供了可操作的见解。
{"title":"Beyond water mapping: Spectral indices as cross-functional predictors of water quality in optically complex inland waters","authors":"Akira Lusia , Muhammad Iqbal Habibie , Iskandar Iskandar , Agung Riyadi , Doni Fernando , Suhendar I. Sachoemar , Joko Prayitno Susanto , Syaefudin Syaefudin , Iif Miftahul Ihsan , Lestario Widodo , Teguh Prayogo , Riardi Pratista Dewa , Rizky Pratama Adhi","doi":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2026.100727","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2026.100727","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>This study examines the spatiotemporal dynamics and water quality of a tropical volcanic lake from 2019 to 2024 using five multi-temporal spectral indices—NDWI, MNDWI, BGI, NDCI, and NDTI—integrated within a machine-learning framework comprising nine algorithms, including Random Forest, XGBoost, LightGBM, SVR, ANN, and an Ensemble Voting Regressor. Water-sensitive indices (NDWI, MNDWI) effectively delineated lake extent and served as strong predictors for chlorophyll (NDCI), turbidity (NDTI), and vegetation vigor (BGI), supporting an integrated systems-based monitoring approach.</div><div>Interannual analyses revealed significant hydrological, ecological, and optical variability (<em>p</em> < 0.001), with spatial autocorrelation (Moran’s I, <em>p</em> = 0.001) highlighting geomorphology, hydrological circulation, and localized anthropogenic influences. Strong correlations in 2022 between NDCI and NDVI (<em>r</em> = 0.947) indicate that vegetation activity and agricultural practices drive chlorophyll dynamics, while moderate NDVI–NDTI relationships suggest sediment transport linked to land use. Precipitation contributed weakly, indicating that hydrometeorology was not the main driver of extreme water-quality events. Persistently elevated NDCI and NDTI values reflect chronic eutrophication and sedimentation.</div><div>Ensemble and tree-based models outperformed linear and distance-based approaches, capturing nonlinear interactions among spectral predictors. The Voting Regressor provided the most stable performance, including peak events such as algal blooms, and lightweight optimizations maintained high accuracy (R² = 0.78–0.97) with lower computational cost.</div><div>This study presents a robust, interpretable framework for scalable freshwater assessment, demonstrating that combining multi-spectral indices with ensemble learning can capture lake persistence, ecological stressors, and dynamic water-quality patterns, offering actionable insights for sustainable management under changing environmental and land-use conditions.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56070,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology","volume":"26 1","pages":"Article 100727"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146174914","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-17DOI: 10.1016/j.ecohyd.2025.100717
Jafar Chabokpour
In the current study, extensive flume experiments comparing three emergent aquatic species (Phragmites australis, Acorus calamus, and Typha latifolia) with uniform cylindrical models were used to investigate the impact of plant morphology on sediment transport dynamics in aquatic environments. A plant morphological coefficient (β) was used to evaluate the vertical distribution of frontal area, and its effect on near-bed hydrodynamics and sediment transport was thoroughly examined. The results of the experiments showed that plants with higher β values (P. australis: 1.9–2.4, A. calamus: 1.5–2.1) caused much faster near-bed speeds and more turbulent kinetic energy than uniform cylindrical arrays (β = 1.0), which led to 3–8 times faster sediment transport rates at the same densities. Critical density thresholds for substantial sediment transport were determined, with P. australis achieving this threshold at significantly lower stem densities compared to cylindrical arrays. Wavelet analysis revealed that intricate plant morphologies generated larger, more enduring coherent structures that were superior in entraining and carrying silt. A morphology-enhanced prediction model was created, integrating β with an empirically derived exponent (γ = 1.42 ± 0.11), demonstrating strong concordance with experimental data (R² = 0.93) and negligible bias (-2.8 %). The sensitivity analysis showed that β was the most significant parameter in the model. These findings show that conventional models based on uniform vegetation representations significantly underestimate sediment transport in natural systems, emphasizing the critical importance of accurately characterizing vegetation morphology for reliable prediction of geomorphic evolution in vegetated aquatic environments.
{"title":"A morphology-enhanced framework for predicting sediment dynamics in vegetated flows through aquatic ecosystems","authors":"Jafar Chabokpour","doi":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2025.100717","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2025.100717","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>In the current study, extensive flume experiments comparing three emergent aquatic species (Phragmites australis, Acorus calamus, and Typha latifolia) with uniform cylindrical models were used to investigate the impact of plant morphology on sediment transport dynamics in aquatic environments. A plant morphological coefficient (β) was used to evaluate the vertical distribution of frontal area, and its effect on near-bed hydrodynamics and sediment transport was thoroughly examined. The results of the experiments showed that plants with higher β values (P. australis: 1.9–2.4, A. calamus: 1.5–2.1) caused much faster near-bed speeds and more turbulent kinetic energy than uniform cylindrical arrays (β = 1.0), which led to 3–8 times faster sediment transport rates at the same densities. Critical density thresholds for substantial sediment transport were determined, with P. australis achieving this threshold at significantly lower stem densities compared to cylindrical arrays. Wavelet analysis revealed that intricate plant morphologies generated larger, more enduring coherent structures that were superior in entraining and carrying silt. A morphology-enhanced prediction model was created, integrating β with an empirically derived exponent (γ = 1.42 ± 0.11), demonstrating strong concordance with experimental data (R² = 0.93) and negligible bias (-2.8 %). The sensitivity analysis showed that β was the most significant parameter in the model. These findings show that conventional models based on uniform vegetation representations significantly underestimate sediment transport in natural systems, emphasizing the critical importance of accurately characterizing vegetation morphology for reliable prediction of geomorphic evolution in vegetated aquatic environments.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56070,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology","volume":"26 1","pages":"Article 100717"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146174971","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2025-12-24DOI: 10.1016/j.ecohyd.2025.100724
Md Ataul Gani , Gretchen M. Gettel , Johannes van der Kwast , Kenneth A. Irvine , Michael E. McClain
Large tropical floodplain rivers act as important pathways of nitrogen transport from land to the sea. In the present study, a mass balance approach was used to evaluate nitrogen retention over a two-year period from a 50 km reach of the Padma River in Bangladesh. The relationship between concentration and discharge was estimated from 58 nitrogen concentration and discharge measurements. Daily nitrogen flux was then calculated from the hydrological inflow and outflows of the reach, and total nitrogen (TN) retention was estimated based on the flux difference of TN inflow and outflows. To validate mass-balance measurements, retention processes of nitrogen loss due to water retention (NLWR), sedimentation, potential denitrification rate (PDR), and nitrogen fixation rate (NFR) were estimated from the water column of the river. Monthly mass-balance measurements revealed substantial seasonal variation in nitrogen retention, indicating river discharge as the main controlling factor. Estimated maximum retention values (tonnes per month) of NLWR, sedimentation, PDR, and NFR were all associated with the monsoons, with 86 % occurring during that period. However, the percentage of PDR and NFR to TN retention was higher in non-monsoon months (post-monsoon, dry/winter and pre-monsoon), suggesting retention mechanisms varied seasonally. TN retention via NLWR accounted for the largest portion of total TN retention, that consistently exceeded 50 %, followed by sedimentation. PDR in submerged geomorphic units was the second-most important retention mechanism in the dry/winter and pre-monsoon seasons. The present research provides a benchmark for nitrogen-budget modelling in tropical rivers, supporting planning for sustainable river management.
{"title":"Nitrogen retention dynamics in a large floodplain river: a case study on the Padma River, Bangladesh","authors":"Md Ataul Gani , Gretchen M. Gettel , Johannes van der Kwast , Kenneth A. Irvine , Michael E. McClain","doi":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2025.100724","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2025.100724","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Large tropical floodplain rivers act as important pathways of nitrogen transport from land to the sea. In the present study, a mass balance approach was used to evaluate nitrogen retention over a two-year period from a 50 km reach of the Padma River in Bangladesh. The relationship between concentration and discharge was estimated from 58 nitrogen concentration and discharge measurements. Daily nitrogen flux was then calculated from the hydrological inflow and outflows of the reach, and total nitrogen (TN) retention was estimated based on the flux difference of TN inflow and outflows. To validate mass-balance measurements, retention processes of nitrogen loss due to water retention (NLWR), sedimentation, potential denitrification rate (PDR), and nitrogen fixation rate (NFR) were estimated from the water column of the river. Monthly mass-balance measurements revealed substantial seasonal variation in nitrogen retention, indicating river discharge as the main controlling factor. Estimated maximum retention values (tonnes per month) of NLWR, sedimentation, PDR, and NFR were all associated with the monsoons, with 86 % occurring during that period. However, the percentage of PDR and NFR to TN retention was higher in non-monsoon months (post-monsoon, dry/winter and pre-monsoon), suggesting retention mechanisms varied seasonally. TN retention via NLWR accounted for the largest portion of total TN retention, that consistently exceeded 50 %, followed by sedimentation. PDR in submerged geomorphic units was the second-most important retention mechanism in the dry/winter and pre-monsoon seasons. The present research provides a benchmark for nitrogen-budget modelling in tropical rivers, supporting planning for sustainable river management.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56070,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology","volume":"26 1","pages":"Article 100724"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146174980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-01-01Epub Date: 2026-02-02DOI: 10.1016/j.ecohyd.2026.100730
Maria Yustiningsih , Diny Dinarti , Bambang S. Purwoko , Wily B. Suwarno , Darius Dare , Ignasius D.A. Sutapa
Responding to the need for drought-tolerant crops in semiarid regions, this study evaluated 17 local and three improved white maize varieties from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, across optimal (E1), normal (E2), and drought-stressed (E3) environments. A robust selection model incorporating five analytical frameworks, stability analysis, Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) modelling, tolerance indices, Multi-Trait Genotype-Ideotype Distance Index (MGIDI), and Multi-Trait Stability Index (MTSI), was used to assess yield performance. Results identified five superior genotypes (local: A7, A11, A12; improved: A18, A19) exhibiting significant stability and adaptability. These genotypes consistently yielded above the overall average of 2.57 tons: A7 yielded 2.99 tons, A11 yielded 3.07 tons, A12 yielded 2.86 tons, A18 yielded 3.55 tons, and A19 yielded 2.57 tons. The selected genotypes showed high stability, evidenced by regression coefficients (bi) approximately equal to 1 (≈1) with non-significant deviation, and superior yields (Yi) above the 2.57 tons average. Variability was low, with the Coefficient of Variation (CVi) less than the average of 80.22, and stability index values (YSi) exceeded the 8.3 average, indicating minimal Genotype-Environment interaction. Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) and Genetics-Genetics Environment (GGE) analyses confirmed low environmental influence on genotypic expression, explaining 84.97% and 91.2% of the total variation, respectively. Based on eleven tolerance indices, five genotypes were classified as drought-tolerant. This research provides a comprehensive framework for identifying promising genotypes for plant breeding and emphasizes incorporating local genetic diversity to enhance maize productivity and food security in climate-variable semiarid systems.
{"title":"Drought-Tolerant selection model to identify prospective maize genotypes and support sustainable agroecological practices in the semiarid regions of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia","authors":"Maria Yustiningsih , Diny Dinarti , Bambang S. Purwoko , Wily B. Suwarno , Darius Dare , Ignasius D.A. Sutapa","doi":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2026.100730","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.ecohyd.2026.100730","url":null,"abstract":"<div><div>Responding to the need for drought-tolerant crops in semiarid regions, this study evaluated 17 local and three improved white maize varieties from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, across optimal (E1), normal (E2), and drought-stressed (E3) environments. A robust selection model incorporating five analytical frameworks, stability analysis, Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) modelling, tolerance indices, Multi-Trait Genotype-Ideotype Distance Index (MGIDI), and Multi-Trait Stability Index (MTSI), was used to assess yield performance. Results identified five superior genotypes (local: A7, A11, A12; improved: A18, A19) exhibiting significant stability and adaptability. These genotypes consistently yielded above the overall average of 2.57 tons: A7 yielded 2.99 tons, A11 yielded 3.07 tons, A12 yielded 2.86 tons, A18 yielded 3.55 tons, and A19 yielded 2.57 tons. The selected genotypes showed high stability, evidenced by regression coefficients (bi) approximately equal to 1 (≈1) with non-significant deviation, and superior yields (Yi) above the 2.57 tons average. Variability was low, with the Coefficient of Variation (CVi) less than the average of 80.22, and stability index values (YSi) exceeded the 8.3 average, indicating minimal Genotype-Environment interaction. Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) and Genetics-Genetics Environment (GGE) analyses confirmed low environmental influence on genotypic expression, explaining 84.97% and 91.2% of the total variation, respectively. Based on eleven tolerance indices, five genotypes were classified as drought-tolerant. This research provides a comprehensive framework for identifying promising genotypes for plant breeding and emphasizes incorporating local genetic diversity to enhance maize productivity and food security in climate-variable semiarid systems.</div></div>","PeriodicalId":56070,"journal":{"name":"Ecohydrology & Hydrobiology","volume":"26 1","pages":"Article 100730"},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2026-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"146174878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"环境科学与生态学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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