中国大规模推广电动汽车的大气环境影响生命周期评估

IF 12.4 Q1 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES Resources Environment and Sustainability Pub Date : 2024-01-11 DOI:10.1016/j.resenv.2024.100148
Haoran Shang , Yutong Sun , Desheng Huang , Fanxin Meng
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引用次数: 0

摘要

交通领域的去碳化是应对气候变化的关键一步。近年来,中国新能源汽车产业的快速发展极大地推动了交通领域的去碳化。然而,生产和回收电动汽车(EV)过程中的环境挑战可能会限制减排效益。在本研究中,我们建立了一个全面的汽车生命周期评估模型,以分析电动汽车与内燃机汽车(ICEV)在空气污染物和温室气体排放方面的差距。基于该模型,对中国进一步推广电动汽车的环境效益进行了评估。结果显示,与内燃机汽车相比,电动汽车在生命周期内可减少 12% 的二氧化碳排放量、69% 的氮氧化物排放量和 9% 的挥发性有机化合物排放量。电动汽车减排的主要制约因素在于原材料和零部件生产,尤其是锂电池。到 2025 年,在低碳电动汽车政策情景下,电动汽车的广泛生产和销售可在生命周期内减少 355 万吨二氧化碳、36289 吨氮氧化物和 4315 吨挥发性有机化合物的排放。在行驶阶段,这些指标对整个生命周期总减排量的贡献率分别为 495%、124% 和 253%。本研究对中国电动汽车的温室气体和各种空气污染物进行了全面的生命周期分析。它将最新的市场趋势、应用进展和政策指导融入情景设计,确定了电动汽车生产链中大气污染的关键来源和指标。研究结果为中国在全球减排进程中发挥作用提供了宝贵的政策见解。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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Life cycle assessment of atmospheric environmental impact on the large-scale promotion of electric vehicles in China

Decarbonizing the transportation sector emerges as a pivotal step in addressing climate change. In recent years, rapid growth in China’s new energy automotive industry has significantly contributed to transportation decarbonization. However, environmental challenges in producing and recycling electric vehicles (EVs) may limit emission reduction benefits. In this study, we establish a comprehensive life cycle assessment model for vehicles to analyze the gap in air pollutant and greenhouse gas emissions between electric vehicles and internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). Based on this model, the environmental benefits of further promoting electric vehicles in China are evaluated. Results reveal that, compared to ICEVs, EVs reduce life cycle emissions of CO2 by 12%, NOx by 69%, and VOCs by 9%. Primary constraints on EVs in emission reduction are traced to raw material and component production, notably lithium batteries. By 2025, under the low carbon EVs policy scenario, widespread EV production and sales could cut lifecycle emissions by 3.55 million tons of CO2, 3,6289 tons of NOx, and 4315 tons of VOCs. During the driving stage, these indicators contribute 495%, 124%, and 253%, respectively, to total emission reduction throughout the lifecycle. This study conducts a comprehensive lifecycle analysis of greenhouse gases and various air pollutants for Chinese EVs. It integrates the latest market trends, application progress, and policy guidelines into scenario design, identifying key sources and indicators of atmospheric pollution in the EV production chain. The findings offer valuable policy insights into China’s role in the global emission reduction process.

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来源期刊
Resources Environment and Sustainability
Resources Environment and Sustainability Environmental Science-Environmental Science (miscellaneous)
CiteScore
15.10
自引率
0.00%
发文量
41
审稿时长
33 days
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