现在是心理学不再把定性数据当作尴尬秘密的时候了

IF 4.8 2区 心理学 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, SOCIAL Social and Personality Psychology Compass Pub Date : 2024-01-23 DOI:10.1111/spc3.12938
Radomír Masaryk, Wendy Stainton Rogers
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引用次数: 0

摘要

尽管心理学界的定性研究在数量和质量上都在持续蓬勃发展,但心理学界的 "守门人 "似乎仍然固守着这样的教条:只有实验研究和定量数据才足够可靠,才会受到重视。在本文中,我们反对这种蔑视,并呼吁承认定性研究和数据本身的有效性和认识论上的合理性。鉴于定性研究的本体论建立在对社会世界本质的建构主义假设之上,因此,定性研究能够对人类的复杂性提供细致入微的洞察力,这不是一个问题,而是其最大的优势。因此,我们的论文首先简要回顾了这两种方法在本体论和认识论上的差异,以证明它们是互补而非竞争关系。然后,我们将基于两个关键策略来说明我们的观点:首先,我们将揭示这样一个事实,即许多(甚至可能是大多数)心理学经典实验研究实际上都收集了定性数据(以汇报访谈等形式),并利用这些数据来了解正在发生的事情;然后,我们将揭示最近的一些研究,这些研究明确寻求了关于所声称测试的假设的反馈。然后,我们认识到,当代研究人员对他们被迫穿上方法论的 "紧身衣",以他们认为不真实的方式开展研究表示不满。最后,我们呼吁打破心理学中的方法论教条,转而采用更具包容性的方法。
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The time has come for psychology to stop treating qualitative data as an embarrassing secret
Despite the sustained flourishing—both in terms of quantity and quality—of qualitative research in psychology, psychology's establishment ‘gatekeepers’ seem to still be wedded to the dogma that only experimental research and quantitative data are sufficiently robust to be taken seriously. In this paper we make the case against this contempt and call for qualitative research and data to be recognized as valid and epistemologically sound in its own right. Given that its ontology is based upon constructionist assumptions about the nature of the social world, its power to provide nuanced insight into the complexity of humankind is not a problem, but its greatest strength. Our paper therefore starts with a brief review of the ontological and epistemological differences between the two approaches to demonstrate that they are complementary rather than competition. We then make our case, based on two key strategies: first by shedding light on the fact that many (perhaps even most) of psychology's classic experimental studies actually collected qualitative data (in the form of debriefing interviews and the like) and used it to understand what was going on; and then by recent studies that have expressly sought feedback about the hypothesis being purportedly tested. We then recognize the extent to which contemporary researchers are expressing their frustration at the way that they are being forced into a methodological straight jacket, by carrying out their research in ways they view as inauthentic. We end with a call to kerb the methodological dogma that has taken hold of psychology, and to move to a more inclusive approach.
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来源期刊
Social and Personality Psychology Compass
Social and Personality Psychology Compass Psychology-Social Psychology
CiteScore
5.20
自引率
2.20%
发文量
59
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