日粮和莫能菌素影响存栏牛和育成牛瘤胃微生物组的时间动态。

IF 6.3 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology Pub Date : 2024-01-26 DOI:10.1186/s40104-023-00967-5
Jianmin Chai, Caleb P Weiss, Paul A Beck, Wei Zhao, Ying Li, Jiangchao Zhao
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:育成牛的日粮和管理会影响肉牛在育成阶段的表现,但对与宿主相关的瘤胃微生物群的动态却缺乏了解。我们进行了一项纵向研究,以确定从放养到育成阶段的饲喂策略如何影响瘤胃微生物群的时间动态。在放养阶段,提供干草或小麦牧草,并施用三种浓度的莫能菌素。然后,将所有犊牛运到饲养场,喂食添加或不添加莫能菌素的类似育成日粮。在放养阶段的第 0、28 和 85 天(S0、S28 和 S85)以及在屠宰前的第 0、14、28、56 和 30 天以及试验结束前的第 30 天(F0、F14、F28、F56、Pre-Ba 和 Final)收集瘤胃微生物样本。对 263 份瘤胃样本的细菌 16S rRNA 基因 V4 区域进行了测序:结果:与精养阶段相比,放养阶段观察到的α多样性(包括观察到的细菌特征数量和香农指数)更高。确定了区分不同采样时间点的细菌扩增子序列变体(ASV)。放养阶段的日粮处理会对瘤胃微生物群的动态产生时间上的影响。例如,在 S28、S85 和 F0 期,干草瘤胃中的共有细菌,包括类杆菌科细菌(ASV19)和婴儿链球菌(ASV94)明显较多,而小麦瘤胃中的类杆菌科细菌(ASV11)和Limivicinus(ASV15)较多。莫能菌素在特定时间影响瘤胃微生物组成。运输到饲养场对干草喂养的犊牛的微生物组结构和多样性有很大影响。对与体重相关的细菌类群进行了分类,核心微生物群在试验期间相互影响:总之,牛在放养和育成阶段的瘤胃微生物组的时间动态受饲养策略的多种因素影响。放养阶段的日粮可能会暂时影响该阶段的微生物组成。调节存栏阶段犊牛的瘤胃微生物组会影响微生物的相互作用和育成阶段的表现。
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Diet and monensin influence the temporal dynamics of the rumen microbiome in stocker and finishing cattle.

Background: Stocker cattle diet and management influence beef cattle performance during the finishing stage, but knowledge of the dynamics of the rumen microbiome associated with the host are lacking. A longitudinal study was conducted to determine how the feeding strategy from the stocker to the finishing stages of production affects the temporal dynamics of rumen microbiota. During the stocker phase, either dry hay or wheat pasture were provided, and three levels of monensin were administrated. All calves were then transported to a feedlot and received similar finishing diets with or without monensin. Rumen microbial samples were collected on d 0, 28, 85 during the stocker stage (S0, S28 and S85) and d 0, 14, 28, 56, 30 d before slaughter and the end of the trial during the finishing stage (F0, F14, F28, F56, Pre-Ba, and Final). The V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene of 263 rumen samples was sequenced.

Results: Higher alpha diversity, including the number of observed bacterial features and the Shannon index, was observed in the stocker phase compared to the finishing phase. The bacterial amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) differentiating different sampling time points were identified. Dietary treatments during the stocker stage temporally impact the dynamics of rumen microbiota. For example, shared bacteria, including Bacteroidales (ASV19) and Streptococcus infantarius (ASV94), were significantly higher in hay rumen on S28, S85, and F0, while Bacteroidaceae (ASV11) and Limivicinus (ASV15) were more abundant in wheat. Monensin affected rumen microbial composition at a specific time. Transportation to feedlot significantly influenced microbiome structure and diversity in hay-fed calves. Bacterial taxa associated with body weight were classified, and core microbiotas interacted with each other during the trial.

Conclusions: In summary, the temporal dynamics of the rumen microbiome in cattle at the stocker and finishing stage are influenced by multiple factors of the feeding strategy. Diet at the stocker phase may temporarily affect the microbial composition during this stage. Modulating the rumen microbiome in the steers at the stocker stage affects the microbial interactions and performance in the finishing stage.

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