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The early life immune dynamics and cellular drivers at single-cell resolution in lamb forestomachs and abomasum. 羔羊前胃和胃单细胞分辨率的早期免疫动力学和细胞驱动因素。
Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-12 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00933-1
Kailang Huang, Bin Yang, Zebang Xu, Hongwei Chen, Jiakun Wang

Background: Four-chambered stomach including the forestomachs (rumen, reticulum, and omasum) and abomasum allows ruminants convert plant fiber into high-quality animal products. The early development of this four-chambered stomach is crucial for the health and well-being of young ruminants, especially the immune development. However, the dynamics of immune development are poorly understood.

Results: We investigated the early gene expression patterns across the four-chambered stomach in Hu sheep, at 5, 10, 15, and 25 days of age. We found that forestomachs share similar gene expression patterns, all four stomachs underwent widespread activation of both innate and adaptive immune responses from d 5 to 25, whereas the metabolic function were significantly downregulated with age. We constructed a cell landscape of the four-chambered stomach using single-cell sequencing. Integrating transcriptomic and single-cell transcriptomic analyses revealed that the immune-associated module hub genes were highly expressed in T cells, monocytes and macrophages, as well as the defense-associated module hub genes were highly expressed in endothelial cells in the four-stomach tissues. Moreover, the non-immune cells such as epithelial cells play key roles in immune maturation. Cell communication analysis predicted that in addition to immune cells, non-immune cells recruit immune cells through macrophage migration inhibitory factor signaling in the forestomachs.

Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that the immune and defense responses of four stomachs are quickly developing with age in lamb's early life. We also identified the gene expression patterns and functional cells associated with immune development. Additionally, we identified some key receptors and signaling involved in immune regulation. These results help to understand the early life immune development at single-cell resolution, which has implications to develop nutritional manipulation and health management strategies based on specific targets including key receptors and signaling pathways.

背景:包括前胃(瘤胃、网胃和胃)和胃的四腔胃使反刍动物能够将植物纤维转化为高质量的动物产品。这种四腔胃的早期发育对幼年反刍动物的健康和福祉至关重要,尤其是免疫发育。然而,人们对免疫发育的动力学知之甚少。结果:我们研究了湖羊在5、10、15和25日龄时四腔胃的早期基因表达模式。我们发现,前胃具有相似的基因表达模式,从第5天到第25天,所有四个胃都经历了先天和适应性免疫反应的广泛激活,而代谢功能随着年龄的增长而显著下调。我们使用单细胞测序构建了四腔胃的细胞景观。综合转录组学和单细胞转录组学分析显示,免疫相关模块hub基因在T细胞、单核细胞和巨噬细胞中高表达,防御相关模块hub基因在四种胃组织的内皮细胞中高表达。此外,上皮细胞等非免疫细胞在免疫成熟中起着关键作用。细胞通讯分析预测,除了免疫细胞外,非免疫细胞还通过前胃中巨噬细胞迁移抑制因子的信号传导来招募免疫细胞。结论:我们的研究结果表明,在羔羊的早期,四个胃的免疫和防御反应随着年龄的增长而迅速发展。我们还鉴定了与免疫发育相关的基因表达模式和功能细胞。此外,我们还鉴定了一些参与免疫调节的关键受体和信号传导。这些结果有助于了解单细胞分辨率下的早期免疫发育,这对开发基于特定靶点(包括关键受体和信号通路)的营养操作和健康管理策略具有启示意义。
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引用次数: 1
Imprinting at the KBTBD6 locus involves species-specific maternal methylation and monoallelic expression in livestock animals. KBTBD6基因座的印迹涉及家畜中物种特异性母体甲基化和单等位基因表达。
Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-11 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00931-3
Jinsoo Ahn, In-Sul Hwang, Mi-Ryung Park, Seongsoo Hwang, Kichoon Lee

Background: The primary differentially methylated regions (DMRs) which are maternally hypermethylated serve as imprinting control regions (ICRs) that drive monoallelic gene expression, and these ICRs have been investigated due to their implications in mammalian development. Although a subset of genes has been identified as imprinted, in-depth comparative approach needs to be developed for identification of species-specific imprinted genes. Here, we examined DNA methylation status and allelic expression at the KBTBD6 locus across species and tissues and explored potential mechanisms of imprinting.

Results: Using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and RNA-sequencing on parthenogenetic and normal porcine embryos, we identified a maternally hypermethylated DMR between the embryos at the KBTBD6 promoter CpG island and paternal monoallelic expression of KBTBD6. Also, in analyzed domesticated mammals but not in humans, non-human primates and mice, the KBTBD6 promoter CpG islands were methylated in oocytes and/or allelically methylated in tissues, and monoallelic KBTBD6 expression was observed, indicating livestock-specific imprinting. Further analysis revealed that these CpG islands were embedded within transcripts in porcine and bovine oocytes which coexisted with an active transcription mark and DNA methylation, implying the presence of transcription-dependent imprinting.

Conclusions: In this study, our comparative approach revealed an imprinted expression of the KBTBD6 gene in domesticated mammals, but not in humans, non-human primates, and mice which implicates species-specific evolution of genomic imprinting.

背景:母体超甲基化的初级差异甲基化区(DMRs)作为驱动单等位基因表达的印迹控制区(ICRs),这些ICRs因其在哺乳动物发育中的意义而被研究。尽管有一部分基因已被鉴定为印迹基因,但需要开发深入的比较方法来鉴定物种特异性印迹基因。在这里,我们检测了物种和组织中KBTBD6基因座的DNA甲基化状态和等位基因表达,并探索了印迹的潜在机制。结果:通过对孤雌生殖和正常猪胚胎进行亚硫酸氢盐全基因组测序和RNA测序,我们在KBTBD6启动子CpG岛上鉴定了胚胎之间的母系高甲基化DMR和KBTBD6的父系单等位基因表达。此外,在分析的驯养哺乳动物中,但在人类、非人灵长类动物和小鼠中没有,KBTBD6启动子CpG岛在卵母细胞中被甲基化和/或在组织中被等位基因甲基化,并且观察到单等位基因KBTBD6的表达,表明牲畜特异性印迹。进一步的分析显示,这些CpG岛嵌入猪和牛卵母细胞的转录物中,与活性转录标记和DNA甲基化共存,这意味着存在转录依赖性印迹。结论:在这项研究中,我们的比较方法揭示了KBTBD6基因在驯养哺乳动物中的印迹表达,但在人类、非人灵长类动物和小鼠中没有,这表明基因组印迹的物种特异性进化。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of Enteromorpha prolifera polysaccharides on growth performance, intestinal barrier function and cecal microbiota in yellow-feathered broilers under heat stress. 浒苔多糖对热应激条件下黄羽肉鸡生长性能、肠道屏障功能和盲肠微生物群的影响。
Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-10 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00932-2
Wenchao Liu, Huimei Liu, Yaoyao Wang, Zhongxiang Zhao, Balamuralikrishnan Balasubramanian, Rajesh Jha

Background: Global warming leading to heat stress (HS) is becoming a major challenge for broiler production. This study aimed to explore the protective effects of seaweed (Enteromorpha prolifera) polysaccharides (EPS) on the intestinal barrier function, microbial ecology, and performance of broilers under HS. A total of 144 yellow-feathered broilers (male, 56 days old) with 682.59 ± 7.38 g were randomly assigned to 3 groups: 1) TN (thermal neutral zone, 23.6 ± 1.8 °C), 2) HS (heat stress, 33.2 ± 1.5 °C for 10 h/d), and 3) HSE (HS + 0.1% EPS). Each group contained 6 replicates with 8 broilers per replicate. The study was conducted for 4 weeks; feed intake and body weights were measured at the end of weeks 2 and 4. At the end of the feeding trial, small intestine samples were collected for histomorphology, antioxidant, secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) content, apoptosis, gene and protein expression analysis; cecal contents were also collected for microbiota analysis based on 16S rDNA sequencing.

Results: Dietary EPS promoted the average daily gain (ADG) of broilers during 3-4 weeks of HS (P < 0.05). At the end of HS on broilers, the activity of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and the content of sIgA in jejunum were improved by EPS supplementation (P < 0.05). Besides, dietary EPS reduced the epithelial cell apoptosis of jejunum and ileum in heat-stressed broilers (P < 0.05). Addition of EPS in HS group broilers' diet upregulated the relative mRNA expression of Occludin, ZO-1, γ-GCLc and IL-10 of the jejunum (P < 0.05), whereas downregulated the relative mRNA expression of NF-κB p65, TNF-α and IL-1β of the jejunum (P < 0.05). Dietary EPS increased the protein expression of Occludin and ZO-1, whereas it reduced the protein expression of NF-κB p65 and MLCK (P < 0.01) and tended to decrease the protein expression of TNF-α (P = 0.094) in heat-stressed broilers. Furthermore, the proportions of Bacteroides and Oscillospira among the three groups were positively associated with jejunal apoptosis and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression (P < 0.05) and negatively correlated with jejunal Occludin level (P < 0.05). However, the proportions of Lactobacillus, Barnesiella, Subdoligranulum, Megasphaera, Collinsella, and Blautia among the three groups were positively related to ADG (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: EPS can be used as a feed additive in yellow-feathered broilers. It effectively improves growth performance and alleviates HS-induced intestinal injury by relieving inflammatory damage and improving the tight junction proteins expression. These beneficial effects may be related to inhibiting NF-κB/MLCK signaling pathway activation and regulation of cecal microbiota.

背景:全球变暖导致热应激(HS)正成为肉鸡生产面临的主要挑战。本研究旨在探讨海藻多糖(EPS)对HS条件下肉鸡肠道屏障功能、微生物生态和生产性能的保护作用。共有144只黄羽肉鸡(雄性,56日龄),682.59只 ± 7.38g随机分为3组:1)TN(热中性区,23.6 ± 1.8°C),2)HS(热应力,33.2 ± 1.5°C,10小时/天)和3)HSE(HS + 0.1%EPS)。每组包含6个重复,每个重复8只肉鸡。研究进行了4周;在第2周和第4周结束时测量饲料摄入量和体重。在喂养试验结束时,收集小肠样本进行组织形态学、抗氧化剂、分泌型免疫球蛋白A(sIgA)含量、细胞凋亡、基因和蛋白质表达分析;还收集盲肠内容物用于基于16S rDNA测序的微生物群分析。结果:日粮EPS对HS 3-4周肉鸡平均日增重有促进作用(P 结论:EPS可作为黄羽肉鸡的饲料添加剂。它通过减轻炎症损伤和改善紧密连接蛋白的表达,有效提高生长性能,减轻HS诱导的肠道损伤。这些有益作用可能与抑制NF-κB/MLCK信号通路激活和调节盲肠微生物群有关。
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引用次数: 0
A cell transcriptomic profile provides insights into adipocytes of porcine mammary gland across development. 细胞转录组学图谱提供了对猪乳腺脂肪细胞在整个发育过程中的见解。
Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-08 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00926-0
Yongliang Fan, Long Jin, Zhiping He, Tiantian Wei, Tingting Luo, Jiaman Zhang, Can Liu, Changjiu Dai, Chao A, Yan Liang, Xuan Tao, Xuebin Lv, Yiren Gu, Mingzhou Li

Background: Studying the composition and developmental mechanisms in mammary gland is crucial for healthy growth of newborns. The mammary gland is inherently heterogeneous, and its physiological function dependents on the gene expression of multiple cell types. Most studies focused on epithelial cells, disregarding the role of neighboring adipocytes.

Results: Here, we constructed the largest transcriptomic dataset of porcine mammary gland cells thus far. The dataset captured 126,829 high-quality nuclei from physiological mammary glands across five developmental stages (d 90 of gestation, G90; d 0 after lactation, L0; d 20 after lactation, L20; 2 d post natural involution, PI2; 7 d post natural involution, PI7). Seven cell types were identified, including epithelial cells, adipocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts cells, immune cells, myoepithelial cells and precursor cells. Our data indicate that mammary glands at different developmental stages have distinct phenotypic and transcriptional signatures. During late gestation (G90), the differentiation and proliferation of adipocytes were inhibited. Meanwhile, partly epithelial cells were completely differentiated. Pseudo-time analysis showed that epithelial cells undergo three stages to achieve lactation, including cellular differentiation, hormone sensing, and metabolic activation. During lactation (L0 and L20), adipocytes area accounts for less than 0.5% of mammary glands. To maintain their own survival, the adipocyte exhibited a poorly differentiated state and a proliferative capacity. Epithelial cells initiate lactation upon hormonal stimulation. After fulfilling lactation mission, their undergo physiological death under high intensity lactation. Interestingly, the physiological dead cells seem to be actively cleared by immune cells via CCL21-ACKR4 pathway. This biological process may be an important mechanism for maintaining homeostasis of the mammary gland. During natural involution (PI2 and PI7), epithelial cell populations dedifferentiate into mesenchymal stem cells to maintain the lactation potential of mammary glands for the next lactation cycle.

Conclusion: The molecular mechanisms of dedifferentiation, proliferation and redifferentiation of adipocytes and epithelial cells were revealed from late pregnancy to natural involution. This cell transcriptomic profile constitutes an essential reference for future studies in the development and remodeling of the mammary gland at different stages.

背景:研究乳腺的组成和发育机制对新生儿的健康成长至关重要。乳腺本质上是异质性的,其生理功能依赖于多种细胞类型的基因表达。大多数研究都集中在上皮细胞上,忽略了邻近脂肪细胞的作用。结果:在这里,我们构建了迄今为止最大的猪乳腺细胞转录组数据集。该数据集从五个发育阶段(妊娠90天,G90;哺乳后0天,L0;哺乳后20天,L20;自然退化后2天,PI2;自然退化前7天,PI7)的生理性乳腺中捕获了126829个高质量细胞核。鉴定出7种细胞类型,包括上皮细胞、脂肪细胞、内皮细胞、成纤维细胞、免疫细胞、肌上皮细胞和前体细胞。我们的数据表明,乳腺在不同的发育阶段具有不同的表型和转录特征。在妊娠晚期(G90),脂肪细胞的分化和增殖受到抑制。同时,部分上皮细胞完全分化。伪时间分析表明,上皮细胞经历三个阶段来达到泌乳,包括细胞分化、激素感应和代谢激活。在哺乳期(L0和L20),脂肪细胞面积占乳腺的0.5%以下。为了维持自身的生存,脂肪细胞表现出低分化状态和增殖能力。上皮细胞在激素刺激下开始泌乳。在完成泌乳任务后,它们在高强度泌乳下发生生理性死亡。有趣的是,生理性死亡细胞似乎通过CCL21-ACKR4途径被免疫细胞主动清除。这一生物学过程可能是维持乳腺稳态的重要机制。在自然退化过程中(PI2和PI7),上皮细胞群去分化为间充质干细胞,以在下一个哺乳周期保持乳腺的泌乳潜力。结论:从孕晚期到自然退化,揭示了脂肪细胞和上皮细胞去分化、增殖和再分化的分子机制。该细胞转录组学图谱为未来不同阶段乳腺发育和重塑的研究提供了重要参考。
{"title":"A cell transcriptomic profile provides insights into adipocytes of porcine mammary gland across development.","authors":"Yongliang Fan, Long Jin, Zhiping He, Tiantian Wei, Tingting Luo, Jiaman Zhang, Can Liu, Changjiu Dai, Chao A, Yan Liang, Xuan Tao, Xuebin Lv, Yiren Gu, Mingzhou Li","doi":"10.1186/s40104-023-00926-0","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-023-00926-0","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Studying the composition and developmental mechanisms in mammary gland is crucial for healthy growth of newborns. The mammary gland is inherently heterogeneous, and its physiological function dependents on the gene expression of multiple cell types. Most studies focused on epithelial cells, disregarding the role of neighboring adipocytes.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Here, we constructed the largest transcriptomic dataset of porcine mammary gland cells thus far. The dataset captured 126,829 high-quality nuclei from physiological mammary glands across five developmental stages (d 90 of gestation, G90; d 0 after lactation, L0; d 20 after lactation, L20; 2 d post natural involution, PI2; 7 d post natural involution, PI7). Seven cell types were identified, including epithelial cells, adipocytes, endothelial cells, fibroblasts cells, immune cells, myoepithelial cells and precursor cells. Our data indicate that mammary glands at different developmental stages have distinct phenotypic and transcriptional signatures. During late gestation (G90), the differentiation and proliferation of adipocytes were inhibited. Meanwhile, partly epithelial cells were completely differentiated. Pseudo-time analysis showed that epithelial cells undergo three stages to achieve lactation, including cellular differentiation, hormone sensing, and metabolic activation. During lactation (L0 and L20), adipocytes area accounts for less than 0.5% of mammary glands. To maintain their own survival, the adipocyte exhibited a poorly differentiated state and a proliferative capacity. Epithelial cells initiate lactation upon hormonal stimulation. After fulfilling lactation mission, their undergo physiological death under high intensity lactation. Interestingly, the physiological dead cells seem to be actively cleared by immune cells via CCL21-ACKR4 pathway. This biological process may be an important mechanism for maintaining homeostasis of the mammary gland. During natural involution (PI2 and PI7), epithelial cell populations dedifferentiate into mesenchymal stem cells to maintain the lactation potential of mammary glands for the next lactation cycle.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The molecular mechanisms of dedifferentiation, proliferation and redifferentiation of adipocytes and epithelial cells were revealed from late pregnancy to natural involution. This cell transcriptomic profile constitutes an essential reference for future studies in the development and remodeling of the mammary gland at different stages.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"14 1","pages":"126"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10560433/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41171554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Associations of genome-wide structural variations with phenotypic differences in cross-bred Eurasian pigs. 欧亚杂交猪全基因组结构变异与表型差异的相关性。
IF 6.3 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-07 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00929-x
Wencheng Zong, Jinbu Wang, Runze Zhao, Naiqi Niu, Yanfang Su, Ziping Hu, Xin Liu, Xinhua Hou, Ligang Wang, Lixian Wang, Longchao Zhang

Background: During approximately 10,000 years of domestication and selection, a large number of structural variations (SVs) have emerged in the genome of pig breeds, profoundly influencing their phenotypes and the ability to adapt to the local environment. SVs (≥ 50 bp) are widely distributed in the genome, mainly in the form of insertion (INS), mobile element insertion (MEI), deletion (DEL), duplication (DUP), inversion (INV), and translocation (TRA). While studies have investigated the SVs in pig genomes, genome-wide association studies (GWAS)-based on SVs have been rarely conducted.

Results: Here, we obtained a high-quality SV map containing 123,151 SVs from 15 Large White and 15 Min pigs through integrating the power of several SV tools, with 53.95% of the SVs being reported for the first time. These high-quality SVs were used to recover the population genetic structure, confirming the accuracy of genotyping. Potential functional SV loci were then identified based on positional effects and breed stratification. Finally, GWAS were performed for 36 traits by genotyping the screened potential causal loci in the F2 population according to their corresponding genomic positions. We identified a large number of loci involved in 8 carcass traits and 6 skeletal traits on chromosome 7, with FKBP5 containing the most significant SV locus for almost all traits. In addition, we found several significant loci in intramuscular fat, abdominal circumference, heart weight, and liver weight, etc. CONCLUSIONS: We constructed a high-quality SV map using high-coverage sequencing data and then analyzed them by performing GWAS for 25 carcass traits, 7 skeletal traits, and 4 meat quality traits to determine that SVs may affect body size between European and Chinese pig breeds.

背景:在大约10000年的驯化和选择过程中,猪品种的基因组中出现了大量的结构变异,深刻影响了它们的表型和适应当地环境的能力。SV(≥ 50bp)在基因组中广泛分布,主要以插入(INS)、移动元件插入(MEI)、缺失(DEL)、重复(DUP)、反转(INV)和易位(TRA)的形式存在。虽然研究已经调查了猪基因组中的SVs,但基于SVs的全基因组关联研究(GWAS)很少进行。结果:在这里,我们通过整合几个SV工具的功率,获得了一个高质量的SV图,其中包含来自15只大白猪和15只Min猪的123151个SV,其中53.95%的SV是首次报道的。这些高质量的SV用于恢复群体遗传结构,证实了基因分型的准确性。然后根据位置效应和品种分层确定潜在的功能SV基因座。最后,通过在F2群体中根据其相应的基因组位置对筛选出的潜在致病基因座进行基因分型,对36个性状进行了GWAS。我们在7号染色体上鉴定了大量涉及8个胴体性状和6个骨骼性状的基因座,其中FKBP5包含几乎所有性状最显著的SV基因座。此外,我们在肌内脂肪、腹围、心脏重量和肝脏重量等方面发现了几个重要的基因座。结论:我们使用高覆盖测序数据构建了一个高质量的SV图谱,然后通过对25个胴体性状、7个骨骼性状、,以及4个肉质性状,以确定SVs可能影响欧洲和中国猪品种的体型。
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引用次数: 0
The biological functions and metabolic pathways of valine in swine. 缬氨酸在猪体内的生物学功能和代谢途径。
Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-07 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00927-z
Chuni Wang, Yao Peng, Yiru Zhang, Juan Xu, Sheng Jiang, Leli Wang, Yulong Yin

Valine is an essential amino acid and a type of branched-chain amino acid. Due to the involvement of branched-chain amino acids in various metabolic pathways, there has been a surge of interests in valine nutrition and its role in animal physiology. In pigs, the interactions between valine and other branched-chain amino acids or aromatic amino acids are complex. In this review, we delve into the interaction mechanism, metabolic pathways, and biological functions of valine. Appropriate valine supplementation not only enhances growth and reproductive performances, but also modulates gut microbiota and immune functions. Based on past observations and interpretations, we provide recommended feed levels of valine for weaned piglets, growing pigs, gilts, lactating sows, barrows and entire males. The summarized valine nutrient requirements for pigs at different stages offer valuable insights for future research and practical applications in animal husbandry.

缬氨酸是一种必需氨基酸,也是一种支链氨基酸。由于支链氨基酸参与各种代谢途径,缬氨酸营养及其在动物生理学中的作用引起了人们的兴趣。在猪中,缬氨酸与其他支链氨基酸或芳香族氨基酸之间的相互作用是复杂的。在这篇综述中,我们深入探讨缬氨酸的相互作用机制、代谢途径和生物学功能。适当补充缬氨酸不仅能提高生长和繁殖性能,还能调节肠道微生物群和免疫功能。根据过去的观察和解释,我们为断奶仔猪、生长猪、母猪、泌乳母猪、公猪和整个雄性提供了缬氨酸的推荐饲料水平。总结了猪在不同阶段的缬氨酸营养需求,为未来的研究和畜牧业的实际应用提供了宝贵的见解。
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引用次数: 0
Standardized ileal digestibility of amino acids in soybean meal fed to non-pregnant and pregnant sows. 饲喂未怀孕和怀孕母猪的豆粕中氨基酸的标准化回肠消化率。
Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-06 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00928-y
Ke Wang, Ya Wang, Lei Guo, Yong Zhuo, Lun Hua, Lianqiang Che, Shengyu Xu, Ruinan Zhang, Jian Li, Bin Feng, Zhengfeng Fang, Xuemei Jiang, Yan Lin, De Wu

Background: Two studies were designed to determine standard ileal crude protein (CP) and amino acid (AA) digestibility of soybean meal (SBM) from different origins fed to non-pregnant and pregnant sows. Seven solvent-extracted SBMs from soybeans produced in the USA, Brazil, and China were selected. In Exp. 1, eight different diets were created: a nitrogen (N)-free diet and 7 experimental diets containing SBM from different origins as the only N source. Eight non-pregnant, multiparous sows were arranged in an 8 × 8 Latin square design (8 periods and 8 diets). In Exp. 2, the diet formula was the same as in Exp. 1. Eight gestating sows (parity 3) were assigned to 4 different diets in a replicated 4 × 3 Youden square design (three periods and four diets) in mid-gestation and again in late-gestation stages.

Results: When fed to non-pregnant and late-gestating sows, the standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of CP and most AAs from different SBM were not significantly different (P > 0.05). When fed to mid-gestating sows, the SID values for Arg, His, Lys, Phe, Cys, Gly, Ser, and Tyr in SBM 1 were lower than in SBM 4 and 5 (P < 0.05), whereas SID for Leu from SBM 5 was higher than in SBM 1 and 4 (P < 0.05). SID values for Ile, Ala, and Asp from SBM 4 were lower than in SBM 1 and 5 (P < 0.05). Sows had significantly greater SID values for Lys, Ala, and Asp during mid-gestation when compared with late-gestation stages (P < 0.05). Mid-gestating sows had greater SID value for Val and lower SID value for Tyr when compared with non-pregnant and late-gestating sows (P < 0.01), whereas non-pregnant sows had significantly greater SID value for Met when compared with gestating sows (P < 0.01).

Conclusions: When fed to mid-gestating sows, the SID values for most AAs varied among SBM samples. The SID values for Lys, Met, Val, Ala, Asp, and Tyr in SBM were affected by sow gestation stages. Our findings provide a cornerstone for accurate SBM use in sow diets.

背景:两项研究旨在测定不同来源豆粕(SBM)对未怀孕和怀孕母猪的标准回肠粗蛋白(CP)和氨基酸(AA)消化率。从美国、巴西和中国生产的大豆中选择了七种溶剂提取的SBM。在实验1中,创建了八种不同的日粮:无氮日粮和7种含有来自不同来源的SBM作为唯一氮源的实验日粮。八头未怀孕的经产母猪被安排在一个8 × 8拉丁方形设计(8节课,8种饮食)。在实验2中,饮食配方与实验1相同。8头妊娠母猪(产次3)被分配到4种不同的日粮中 × 3孕中期和孕晚期的优登方设计(三期四日粮)。结果:不同SBM对CP和大部分AA的标准化回肠消化率(SID)无显著差异(P > 饲喂中期母猪时,SBM1中Arg、His、Lys、Phe、Cys、Gly、Ser和Tyr的SID值低于SBM4和5(P 结论:当喂养中期妊娠母猪时,大多数AAs的SID值在SBM样本中有所不同。SBM中Lys、Met、Val、Ala、Asp和Tyr的SID值受母猪妊娠期的影响。我们的发现为在母猪日粮中准确使用SBM提供了基础。
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引用次数: 0
Dietary supplementation of zinc oxide modulates intestinal functionality during the post-weaning period in clinically healthy piglets. 在临床健康仔猪断奶后,日粮中补充氧化锌可调节肠道功能。
Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-04 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00925-1
Dirkjan Schokker, Soumya K Kar, Els Willems, Alex Bossers, Ruud A Dekker, Alfons J M Jansman

Background: To improve our understanding of host and intestinal microbiome interaction, this research investigated the effects of a high-level zinc oxide in the diet as model intervention on the intestinal microbiome and small intestinal functionality in clinically healthy post-weaning piglets. In study 1, piglets received either a high concentration of zinc (Zn) as zinc oxide (ZnO, Zn, 2,690 mg/kg) or a low Zn concentration (100 mg/kg) in the diet during the post weaning period (d 14-23). The effects on the piglet's small intestinal microbiome and functionality of intestinal tissue were investigated. In study 2, the impact of timing of the dietary zinc intervention was investigated, i.e., between d 0-14 and/or d 14-23 post weaning, and the consecutive effects on the piglet's intestinal functionality, here referring to microbiota composition and diversity and gene expression profiles.

Results: Differences in the small intestinal functionality were observed during the post weaning period between piglets receiving a diet with a low or high concentration ZnO content. A shift in the microbiota composition in the small intestine was observed that could be characterized as a non-pathological change, where mainly the commensals inter-changed. In the immediate post weaning period, i.e., d 0-14, the highest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in intestinal tissue were observed between animals receiving a diet with a low or high concentration ZnO content, i.e., 23 DEGs in jejunal tissue and 11 DEGs in ileal tissue. These genes are involved in biological processes related to immunity and inflammatory responses. For example, genes CD59 and REG3G were downregulated in the animals receiving a diet with a high concentration ZnO content compared to low ZnO content in both jejunum and ileum tissue. In the second study, a similar result was obtained regarding the expression of genes in intestinal tissue related to immune pathways when comparing piglets receiving a diet with a high concentration ZnO content compared to low ZnO content.

Conclusions: Supplementing a diet with a pharmaceutical level of Zn as ZnO for clinically healthy post weaning piglets influences various aspects intestinal functionality, in particular in the first two weeks post-weaning. The model intervention increased both the alpha diversity of the intestinal microbiome and the expression of a limited number of genes linked to the local immune system in intestinal tissue. The effects do not seem related to a direct antimicrobial effect of ZnO.

背景:为了提高我们对宿主和肠道微生物组相互作用的理解,本研究调查了饮食中高水平氧化锌作为模型干预对临床健康断奶后仔猪肠道微生物组和小肠功能的影响。在研究1中,仔猪在断奶后(第14-23天)的饮食中接受高浓度的氧化锌锌(ZnO,Zn,2690 mg/kg)或低浓度的锌(100 mg/kg)。研究了对仔猪小肠微生物组和肠道组织功能的影响。在研究2中,研究了饮食锌干预时间的影响,即断奶后第0-14天和/或第14-23天,以及对仔猪肠道功能的连续影响,这里指的是微生物群组成、多样性和基因表达谱。结果:在断奶后阶段,接受低浓度或高浓度ZnO饮食的仔猪的小肠功能存在差异。观察到小肠中微生物群组成的变化,这可以被描述为非病理性变化,主要是共生体相互改变。在断奶后不久的时期,即第0-14天,在接受低浓度或高浓度ZnO含量饮食的动物之间,观察到肠组织中差异表达基因(DEG)的数量最高,即空肠组织中的23个DEG和回肠组织中的11个DEG。这些基因参与与免疫和炎症反应相关的生物学过程。例如,与空肠和回肠组织中的低ZnO含量相比,在接受高浓度ZnO含量饮食的动物中,基因CD59和REG3G被下调。在第二项研究中,当比较接受高浓度ZnO含量饮食与低ZnO含量饮食的仔猪时,获得了关于肠道组织中与免疫途径相关的基因表达的类似结果。结论:为临床健康的断奶后仔猪补充药物水平的锌作为ZnO的饮食会影响肠道功能的各个方面,特别是在断奶后的前两周。模型干预增加了肠道微生物组的α多样性和肠道组织中与局部免疫系统相关的有限数量基因的表达。这些效果似乎与ZnO的直接抗菌效果无关。
{"title":"Dietary supplementation of zinc oxide modulates intestinal functionality during the post-weaning period in clinically healthy piglets.","authors":"Dirkjan Schokker, Soumya K Kar, Els Willems, Alex Bossers, Ruud A Dekker, Alfons J M Jansman","doi":"10.1186/s40104-023-00925-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-023-00925-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>To improve our understanding of host and intestinal microbiome interaction, this research investigated the effects of a high-level zinc oxide in the diet as model intervention on the intestinal microbiome and small intestinal functionality in clinically healthy post-weaning piglets. In study 1, piglets received either a high concentration of zinc (Zn) as zinc oxide (ZnO, Zn, 2,690 mg/kg) or a low Zn concentration (100 mg/kg) in the diet during the post weaning period (d 14-23). The effects on the piglet's small intestinal microbiome and functionality of intestinal tissue were investigated. In study 2, the impact of timing of the dietary zinc intervention was investigated, i.e., between d 0-14 and/or d 14-23 post weaning, and the consecutive effects on the piglet's intestinal functionality, here referring to microbiota composition and diversity and gene expression profiles.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Differences in the small intestinal functionality were observed during the post weaning period between piglets receiving a diet with a low or high concentration ZnO content. A shift in the microbiota composition in the small intestine was observed that could be characterized as a non-pathological change, where mainly the commensals inter-changed. In the immediate post weaning period, i.e., d 0-14, the highest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in intestinal tissue were observed between animals receiving a diet with a low or high concentration ZnO content, i.e., 23 DEGs in jejunal tissue and 11 DEGs in ileal tissue. These genes are involved in biological processes related to immunity and inflammatory responses. For example, genes CD59 and REG3G were downregulated in the animals receiving a diet with a high concentration ZnO content compared to low ZnO content in both jejunum and ileum tissue. In the second study, a similar result was obtained regarding the expression of genes in intestinal tissue related to immune pathways when comparing piglets receiving a diet with a high concentration ZnO content compared to low ZnO content.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Supplementing a diet with a pharmaceutical level of Zn as ZnO for clinically healthy post weaning piglets influences various aspects intestinal functionality, in particular in the first two weeks post-weaning. The model intervention increased both the alpha diversity of the intestinal microbiome and the expression of a limited number of genes linked to the local immune system in intestinal tissue. The effects do not seem related to a direct antimicrobial effect of ZnO.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":"14 1","pages":"122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10548679/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41141478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Thermal conditioning of quail embryos has transgenerational and reversible long-term effects. 鹌鹑胚胎的热处理具有转基因和可逆的长期影响。
Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-03 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00924-2
Anaïs Vitorino Carvalho, Christelle Hennequet-Antier, Romuald Rouger, Joël Delaveau, Thierry Bordeau, Sabine Crochet, Nathalie Couroussé, Frederique Pitel, Anne Collin, Vincent Coustham

Background: In the current context of global warming, thermal manipulation of avian embryos has received increasing attention as a strategy to promote heat tolerance in avian species by simply increasing the egg incubation temperature. However, because of their likely epigenetic origin, thermal manipulation effects may last more than one generation with consequences for the poultry industry. In this work, a multigenerational and transgenerational analysis of thermal manipulation during embryogenesis was performed to uncover the long-term effects of such procedure.

Results: Thermal manipulation repeated during 4 generations had an effect on hatchability, body weight, and weight of eggs laid in Japanese quails, with some effects increasing in importance over generations. Moreover, the effects on body weight and egg weight could be transmitted transgenerationally, suggesting non-genetic inheritance mechanisms. This hypothesis is reinforced by the observed reversion of the effect on growth after five unexposed generations. Interestingly, a beneficial effect of thermal manipulation on heat tolerance was observed a few days after hatching, but this effect was not transgenerational.

Conclusions: Our multigenerational study showed that thermal conditioning of quail embryos has a beneficial effect on post-hatch heat tolerance hampered by transgenerational but reversible defects on growth. Assuming that no genetic variability underlies these changes, this study provides the first demonstration of epigenetic inheritance of traits induced by environmental temperature modification associated with long-term impacts in an avian species.

背景:在当前全球变暖的背景下,对鸟类胚胎进行热处理作为一种通过提高卵子孵化温度来提高鸟类耐热性的策略,受到了越来越多的关注。然而,由于其可能的表观遗传学起源,热操纵效应可能会持续一代以上,对家禽业产生影响。在这项工作中,对胚胎发生过程中的热操作进行了多代和转基因分析,以揭示这种程序的长期影响。结果:在4代中重复热操作对日本鹌鹑的孵化率、体重和产蛋重量都有影响,其中一些影响的重要性随着世代的推移而增加。此外,对体重和蛋重的影响可能通过转基因传递,这表明了非遗传遗传机制。在五代未暴露后观察到的对生长的影响逆转,强化了这一假设。有趣的是,在孵化后几天观察到热操作对耐热性的有益影响,但这种影响不是转基因的。结论:我们的多代研究表明,鹌鹑胚胎的热处理对孵化后的耐热性有有益的影响,这种耐热性受到转基因但可逆的生长缺陷的阻碍。假设这些变化背后没有遗传变异,这项研究首次证明了环境温度变化诱导的性状的表观遗传与鸟类物种的长期影响有关。
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引用次数: 0
A computational framework for improving genetic variants identification from 5,061 sheep sequencing data. 从5061只绵羊测序数据中改进遗传变异鉴定的计算框架。
Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2023-10-02 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00923-3
Shangqian Xie, Karissa Isaacs, Gabrielle Becker, Brenda M Murdoch

Background: Pan-genomics is a recently emerging strategy that can be utilized to provide a more comprehensive characterization of genetic variation. Joint calling is routinely used to combine identified variants across multiple related samples. However, the improvement of variants identification using the mutual support information from multiple samples remains quite limited for population-scale genotyping.

Results: In this study, we developed a computational framework for joint calling genetic variants from 5,061 sheep by incorporating the sequencing error and optimizing mutual support information from multiple samples' data. The variants were accurately identified from multiple samples by using four steps: (1) Probabilities of variants from two widely used algorithms, GATK and Freebayes, were calculated by Poisson model incorporating base sequencing error potential; (2) The variants with high mapping quality or consistently identified from at least two samples by GATK and Freebayes were used to construct the raw high-confidence identification (rHID) variants database; (3) The high confidence variants identified in single sample were ordered by probability value and controlled by false discovery rate (FDR) using rHID database; (4) To avoid the elimination of potentially true variants from rHID database, the variants that failed FDR were reexamined to rescued potential true variants and ensured high accurate identification variants. The results indicated that the percent of concordant SNPs and Indels from Freebayes and GATK after our new method were significantly improved 12%-32% compared with raw variants and advantageously found low frequency variants of individual sheep involved several traits including nipples number (GPC5), scrapie pathology (PAPSS2), seasonal reproduction and litter size (GRM1), coat color (RAB27A), and lentivirus susceptibility (TMEM154).

Conclusion: The new method used the computational strategy to reduce the number of false positives, and simultaneously improve the identification of genetic variants. This strategy did not incur any extra cost by using any additional samples or sequencing data information and advantageously identified rare variants which can be important for practical applications of animal breeding.

背景:泛基因组学是最近出现的一种策略,可以用来提供更全面的遗传变异特征。联合调用通常用于组合多个相关样本中已识别的变体。然而,使用来自多个样本的相互支持信息来改进变异识别对于群体规模的基因分型来说仍然相当有限。结果:在这项研究中,我们通过整合测序误差和优化多个样本数据的相互支持信息,开发了一个用于联合调用5061只绵羊遗传变异的计算框架。通过四个步骤从多个样本中准确识别变异:(1)利用泊松模型结合碱基序列误差潜力计算GATK和Freebayes两种广泛使用的算法的变异概率;(2) 使用GATK和Freebayes从至少两个样本中一致识别的具有高映射质量的变体来构建原始高置信度识别(rHID)变体数据库;(3) 使用rHID数据库,对单个样本中识别的高置信度变异按概率值排序,并由错误发现率(FDR)控制;(4) 为了避免从rHID数据库中消除潜在的真实变体,对未通过FDR的变体进行重新检查,以挽救潜在的真实变种,并确保高精度识别变体。结果表明,在我们的新方法之后,来自Freebayes和GATK的SNPs和Indels的一致性百分比与原始变体相比显著提高了12%-32%,并且有利地发现绵羊个体的低频变体涉及几个性状,包括乳头数(GPC5)、瘙痒病理学(PAPSS2)、季节性繁殖和产仔数(GRM1)、毛色(RAB27A),和慢病毒易感性(TMEM154)。结论:新方法采用计算策略减少了假阳性的数量,同时提高了遗传变异的识别率。通过使用任何额外的样本或测序数据信息,该策略没有产生任何额外的成本,并且有利地识别出对动物育种的实际应用很重要的罕见变体。
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引用次数: 0
期刊
Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology
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