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Impact of probiotics-derived extracellular vesicles on livestock gut barrier function. 源于益生菌的细胞外囊泡对家畜肠道屏障功能的影响
IF 6.3 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-11-07 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01102-8
Yuhan Zhang, Mengzhen Song, Jinping Fan, Xuming Guo, Shiyu Tao

Probiotic extracellular vesicles (pEVs) are biologically active nanoparticle structures that can regulate the intestinal tract through direct or indirect mechanisms. They enhance the intestinal barrier function in livestock and poultry and help alleviate intestinal diseases. The specific effects of pEVs depend on their internal functional components, including nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and other substances. This paper presents a narrative review of the impact of pEVs on the intestinal barrier across various segments of the intestinal tract, exploring their mechanisms of action while highlighting the limitations of current research. Investigating the mechanisms through which probiotics operate via pEVs could deepen our understanding and provide a theoretical foundation for their application in livestock production.

益生菌胞外囊泡(pEVs)是一种具有生物活性的纳米颗粒结构,可通过直接或间接机制调节肠道。它们能增强家畜和家禽的肠道屏障功能,有助于缓解肠道疾病。pEV 的具体效果取决于其内部功能成分,包括核酸、蛋白质、脂类和其他物质。本文综述了益生菌对肠道各段肠道屏障的影响,探讨了其作用机制,同时强调了当前研究的局限性。研究益生菌通过 pEVs 发挥作用的机制可以加深我们的理解,并为其在畜牧生产中的应用提供理论基础。
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引用次数: 0
Dietary supplementation with N-acetyl-L-cysteine ameliorates hyperactivated ERK signaling in the endometrium that is linked to poor pregnancy outcomes following ovarian stimulation in pigs. 膳食中补充 N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸可改善子宫内膜中与猪卵巢刺激后不良妊娠结局有关的 ERK 信号的过度激活。
IF 6.3 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-11-06 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01109-1
Linghua Cheng, Zhicheng Shi, Yuan Yue, Yue Wang, Yusheng Qin, Wei Zhao, Yupei Hu, Qin Li, Min Guo, Lei An, Shumin Wang, Jianhui Tian

Background: Exogenous gonadotropin-controlled ovarian stimulation is the critical step in animal reproductive management, such as pig, sheep, bovine and other species. It helps synchronize ovulation or stimulate multiple ovulations. However, a number of evidence indicated an unexpected decrease in pregnancy outcomes following ovarian stimulation. This study aimed to explore the underlying mechanism of the pregnancy defect and develop a practical rescue strategy.

Results: Compared with those in the control group, gilts that underwent ovarian stimulation showed a decrease in pregnancy rate, farrowing rate, and total number of piglets born. Stimulated gilts also showed an increase in estradiol (E2) levels. The supraphysiological E2 level was correlated with the decrease in the number of piglets born. Furthermore, we found that high levels of E2 impair uterine receptivity, as shown by the overproliferation of endometrial epithelial cells. In vitro mechanistic studies demonstrated that high levels of E2 hyperactivate FGF-FGFR-ERK signaling cascade in the uterine endometrium, and in turn induces overproliferation of endometrial epithelial cells. Of note, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) supplementation effectively inhibits ERK hyperphosphorylation and ameliorates endometrial epithelial overproliferation. Importantly, in vivo experiments indicated that dietary NAC supplementation, compared with ovarian stimulation group, improves the uterine receptivity in gilts, and significantly increases the pregnancy rate and total number of piglets born.

Conclusions: Ovarian stimulation-induced supraphysiological levels of E2 impairs uterine receptivity by hyperactivating FGF-FGFR-ERK signaling cascade, thereby reducing pregnancy rate and litter size. Supplementing NAC to a conventional diet for gilts ameliorates hyperactivated ERK signaling and improves uterine receptivity, thus rescuing adverse pregnancy outcomes following ovarian stimulation.

背景:外源性促性腺激素控制的卵巢刺激是猪、羊、牛等动物繁殖管理的关键步骤。它有助于同步排卵或刺激多次排卵。然而,许多证据表明,卵巢刺激后的妊娠结局会意外下降。本研究旨在探索妊娠缺陷的内在机制,并制定切实可行的挽救策略:结果:与对照组相比,接受卵巢刺激的后备母猪的妊娠率、产仔率和出生仔猪总数均有所下降。刺激后备母猪的雌二醇(E2)水平也有所上升。超生理的 E2 水平与仔猪出生数量的减少有关。此外,我们还发现,高水平的 E2 会损害子宫的受孕能力,表现为子宫内膜上皮细胞过度增殖。体外机理研究表明,高水平的 E2 会过度激活子宫内膜中的 FGF-FGFR-ERK 信号级联,进而诱导子宫内膜上皮细胞过度增殖。值得注意的是,补充 N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸(NAC)可有效抑制 ERK 过度磷酸化,改善子宫内膜上皮细胞的过度增殖。重要的是,体内实验表明,与卵巢刺激组相比,膳食中补充 NAC 可改善后备母猪的子宫接受能力,并显著提高妊娠率和仔猪出生总数:结论:卵巢刺激引起的超生理水平的E2通过过度激活FGF-FGFR-ERK信号级联而损害子宫接受能力,从而降低妊娠率和产仔数。在后备母猪的常规日粮中添加 NAC 可改善过度激活的 ERK 信号,提高子宫接受能力,从而挽救卵巢刺激后的不良妊娠结局。
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引用次数: 0
The assembly and activation of the PANoptosome promote porcine granulosa cell programmed cell death during follicular atresia. PANoptosome的组装和激活促进了猪颗粒细胞在卵泡闭锁过程中的程序性细胞死亡。
IF 6.3 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-11-05 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01107-3
Hao Wu, Yingxue Han, Jikang Liu, Rong Zhao, Shizhen Dai, Yajun Guo, Nan Li, Feng Yang, Shenming Zeng

Background: Follicular atresia significantly impairs female fertility and hastens reproductive senescence. Apoptosis of granulosa cells is the primary cause of follicular atresia. Pyroptosis and necroptosis, as additional forms of programmed cell death, have been reported in mammalian cells. However, the understanding of pyroptosis and necroptosis pathways in granulosa cells during follicular atresia remains unclear. This study explored the effects of programmed cell death in granulosa cells on follicular atresia and the underlying mechanisms.

Results: The results revealed that granulosa cells undergo programmed cell death including apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis during follicular atresia. For the first time, we identified the formation of a PANoptosome complex in porcine granulosa cells. This complex was initially identified as being composed of ZBP1, RIPK3, and RIPK1, and is recruited through the RHIM domain. Additionally, we demonstrated that caspase-6 is activated and cleaved, interacting with RIPK3 as a component of the PANoptosome. Heat stress may exacerbate the activation of the PANoptosome, leading to programmed cell death in granulosa cells.

Conclusions: Our data identified the formation of a PANoptosome complex that promoted programmed cell death in granulosa cells during the process of follicular atresia. These findings provide new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying follicular atresia.

背景:卵泡闭锁严重影响女性的生育能力,并加速生殖衰老。颗粒细胞凋亡是卵泡闭锁的主要原因。作为程序性细胞死亡的其他形式,哺乳动物细胞中的热凋亡和坏死也有报道。然而,人们对卵泡闭锁过程中颗粒细胞中的热凋亡和坏死途径仍不清楚。本研究探讨了颗粒细胞程序性细胞死亡对卵泡闭锁的影响及其内在机制:结果:研究结果显示,颗粒细胞在卵泡闭锁过程中会发生程序性细胞死亡,包括细胞凋亡、热凋亡和坏死。我们首次在猪颗粒细胞中发现了PANoptosome复合体的形成。初步确定该复合体由 ZBP1、RIPK3 和 RIPK1 组成,并通过 RHIM 结构域被招募。此外,我们还证明了 Caspase-6 被激活和裂解,并与作为 PANoptosome 组成部分的 RIPK3 相互作用。热应激可能会加剧PANoptosome的激活,导致颗粒细胞的程序性细胞死亡:我们的数据发现,在卵泡闭锁过程中,PANoptosome复合物的形成促进了颗粒细胞的程序性细胞死亡。这些发现为了解卵泡闭锁的分子机制提供了新的视角。
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引用次数: 0
Natural plant polyphenols contribute to the ecological and healthy swine production. 天然植物多酚有助于猪的生态和健康生产。
IF 6.3 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-11-04 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01096-3
Huadi Mei, Yuanfei Li, Shusong Wu, Jianhua He

The absence of trace amounts of natural bioactive compounds with important biological activities in traditional dietary models for global farm animals, coupled with an incomplete theoretical system for animal nutrition, has led to unbalanced and inadequate animal nutrition. This deficiency has adversely impacted animal health and the ecological environment, presenting formidable challenges to the advancement of the swine breeding industry in various countries around the world toward high-quality development. Recently, due to the ban of antibiotics for growth promotion in swine diets, botanical active compounds have been extensively investigated as feed additives. Polyphenols represent a broad group of plant secondary metabolites. They are natural, non-toxic, pollution-free, and highly reproducible compounds that have a wide range of physiological functions, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, antiviral, antibacterial, and metabolic activities. Accordingly, polyphenols have been widely studied and used as feed additives in swine production. This review summarizes the structural characteristics, classification, current application situation, general properties of polyphenols, and the latest research advances on their use in swine production. Additionally, the research and application bottlenecks and future development of plant polyphenols in the animal feed industry are reviewed and prospected. This review aims to stimulate the in-depth study of natural plant polyphenols and the research and development of related products in order to promote the green, healthy, and high-quality development of swine production, while also providing ideas for the innovation and development in the theoretical system of animal nutrition.

全球农畜传统日粮模式中缺乏具有重要生物活性的微量天然生物活性化合物,加之动物营养理论体系不完善,导致动物营养不均衡、不充分。这种不足对动物健康和生态环境造成了不利影响,对世界各国养猪业向高质量发展提出了严峻挑战。最近,由于猪日粮中禁止使用抗生素促进生长,植物活性化合物作为饲料添加剂被广泛研究。多酚是一类广泛的植物次生代谢物。它们是天然、无毒、无污染和高度可再生的化合物,具有广泛的生理功能,如抗氧化、抗炎、免疫调节、抗病毒、抗菌和代谢活性。因此,多酚已被广泛研究并用作猪生产中的饲料添加剂。本综述总结了多酚的结构特征、分类、应用现状、一般特性以及在猪生产中使用多酚的最新研究进展。此外,还对植物多酚在动物饲料行业的研究和应用瓶颈以及未来发展进行了回顾和展望。本综述旨在推动天然植物多酚的深入研究和相关产品的研发,促进猪生产绿色、健康、高质量发展,同时也为动物营养理论体系的创新和发展提供思路。
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引用次数: 0
Embryotrophic effect of exogenous protein contained adipose-derived stem cell extracellular vesicles. 脂肪干细胞细胞外囊泡所含外源蛋白的胚胎营养效应
IF 6.3 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-11-03 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01106-4
Seonggyu Bang, Ahmad Yar Qamar, Sung Ho Yun, Na-Yeon Gu, Heyyoung Kim, Ayeong Han, Heejae Kang, Hye Sun Park, Seung Ii Kim, Islam M Saadeldin, Sanghoon Lee, Jongki Cho

Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) regulate cell metabolism and various biological processes by delivering specific proteins and nucleic acids to surrounding cells. We aimed to investigate the effects of the cargo contained in EVs derived from adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) on the porcine embryonic development.

Methods: ASCs were isolated from porcine adipose tissue and characterized using ASC-specific markers via flow cytometry. EVs were subsequently extracted from the conditioned media of the established ASCs. These EVs were added to the in vitro culture environment of porcine embryos to observe qualitative improvements in embryonic development. Furthermore, the proteins within the EVs were analyzed to investigate the underlying mechanisms.

Results: We observed a higher blastocyst development rate and increased mitochondrial activity in early stage embryos in the ASC-EVs-supplemented group than in the controls (24.8% ± 0.8% vs. 28.6% ± 1.1%, respectively). The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay of blastocysts also revealed significantly reduced apoptotic cells in the ASC-EVs-supplemented group. Furthermore, through proteomics, we detected the proteins in ASC-EVs and blastocysts from each treatment group. This analysis revealed a higher fraction of proteins in the ASC-EVs-supplemented group than in the controls (1,547 vs. 1,495, respectively). Gene analysis confirmed that ASC-EVs showed a high expression of tyrosine-protein kinase (SRC), whereas ASC-EVs supplemented blastocysts showed a higher expression of Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). SRC is postulated to activate protein kinase B (AKT), which inhibits the forkhead box O signaling pathway and activates CDK1. Subsequently, CDK1 activation influences the cell cycle, thereby affecting in vitro embryonic development.

Conclusion: ASC-EVs promote mitochondrial activity, which is crucial for the early development of blastocysts and vital in the downregulation of apoptosis. Additionally, ASC-EVs supply SRC to porcine blastocysts, thereby elongating the cell cycle.

背景:细胞外囊泡(EVs)通过向周围细胞输送特定的蛋白质和核酸来调节细胞代谢和各种生物过程。我们的目的是研究源自脂肪源性干细胞(ASCs)的EVs所含货物对猪胚胎发育的影响:方法:从猪脂肪组织中分离出 ASCs,并通过流式细胞术使用 ASC 特异性标记物对其进行鉴定。随后从已建立的 ASCs 的条件培养基中提取 EVs。将这些EVs加入猪胚胎的体外培养环境中,观察胚胎发育的质量改善情况。此外,还对 EVs 中的蛋白质进行了分析,以研究其潜在机制:结果:我们观察到,与对照组相比,添加 ASC-EVs 的早期胚胎囊胚发育率更高,线粒体活性也更强(分别为 24.8% ± 0.8% vs. 28.6% ± 1.1%)。囊胚的末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶 dUTP 缺口标记(TUNEL)检测也显示,ASC-EVs 补充组的凋亡细胞显著减少。此外,我们还通过蛋白质组学检测了各处理组 ASC-EV 和囊胚中的蛋白质。这项分析表明,补充 ASC-EVs 的组比对照组的蛋白质比例更高(分别为 1547 对 1495)。基因分析证实,ASC-EVs 显示出酪氨酸蛋白激酶(SRC)的高表达,而补充 ASC-EVs 的囊胚显示出细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶 1(CDK1)的高表达。据推测,SRC 可激活蛋白激酶 B(AKT),而 AKT 可抑制叉头盒 O 信号通路并激活 CDK1。随后,CDK1的激活会影响细胞周期,从而影响体外胚胎发育:结论:ASC-EV 可促进线粒体活性,这对囊胚的早期发育至关重要,也是下调细胞凋亡的关键。此外,ASC-EV 还能为猪囊胚提供 SRC,从而延长细胞周期。
{"title":"Embryotrophic effect of exogenous protein contained adipose-derived stem cell extracellular vesicles.","authors":"Seonggyu Bang, Ahmad Yar Qamar, Sung Ho Yun, Na-Yeon Gu, Heyyoung Kim, Ayeong Han, Heejae Kang, Hye Sun Park, Seung Ii Kim, Islam M Saadeldin, Sanghoon Lee, Jongki Cho","doi":"10.1186/s40104-024-01106-4","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-024-01106-4","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Extracellular vesicles (EVs) regulate cell metabolism and various biological processes by delivering specific proteins and nucleic acids to surrounding cells. We aimed to investigate the effects of the cargo contained in EVs derived from adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) on the porcine embryonic development.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>ASCs were isolated from porcine adipose tissue and characterized using ASC-specific markers via flow cytometry. EVs were subsequently extracted from the conditioned media of the established ASCs. These EVs were added to the in vitro culture environment of porcine embryos to observe qualitative improvements in embryonic development. Furthermore, the proteins within the EVs were analyzed to investigate the underlying mechanisms.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>We observed a higher blastocyst development rate and increased mitochondrial activity in early stage embryos in the ASC-EVs-supplemented group than in the controls (24.8% ± 0.8% vs. 28.6% ± 1.1%, respectively). The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay of blastocysts also revealed significantly reduced apoptotic cells in the ASC-EVs-supplemented group. Furthermore, through proteomics, we detected the proteins in ASC-EVs and blastocysts from each treatment group. This analysis revealed a higher fraction of proteins in the ASC-EVs-supplemented group than in the controls (1,547 vs. 1,495, respectively). Gene analysis confirmed that ASC-EVs showed a high expression of tyrosine-protein kinase (SRC), whereas ASC-EVs supplemented blastocysts showed a higher expression of Cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (CDK1). SRC is postulated to activate protein kinase B (AKT), which inhibits the forkhead box O signaling pathway and activates CDK1. Subsequently, CDK1 activation influences the cell cycle, thereby affecting in vitro embryonic development.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>ASC-EVs promote mitochondrial activity, which is crucial for the early development of blastocysts and vital in the downregulation of apoptosis. Additionally, ASC-EVs supply SRC to porcine blastocysts, thereby elongating the cell cycle.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11531693/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142565434","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Effects and interactions of dietary lysine and apparent nitrogen corrected metabolizable energy on yellow-feathered broiler breeder hens. 日粮赖氨酸和表观氮校正代谢能对黄羽肉用种鸡的影响和相互作用。
IF 6.3 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-11-01 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01095-4
Yibing Wang, Qin Wang, Xiangtian Yao, Zhongyong Gou, Xiajing Lin, Qili Luo, Shouqun Jiang

Background: Dietary lysine and apparent nitrogen-corrected metabolizable energy (AMEn) are two key variables affecting the production of breeder hens. In this study, the effects and interactions of lysine and AMEn on yellow-feathered broiler breeder hens were investigated. A total of 720 30-week-old breeder hens were fed in a 5 (lysine: 0.56%, 0.68%, 0.80%, 0.92%, and 1.04%) × 2 (AMEn: 11.50 and 11.10 MJ/kg) factorial arrangement for 12 weeks. The productive performance, reproductive traits, biochemical variables of breeder hens, the amino acid concentration and quality of eggs, and the growth performance of offspring broilers were determined.

Result: (1) Dietary lysine had quadratic effects (P < 0.05) on laying rate, average daily egg mass and feed intake/egg mass of breeder hens; birds with 11.50 MJ/kg AMEn (high AMEn) had higher (P < 0.05) BW than those with 11.10 MJ/kg AMEn (low AMEn); (2) dietary lysine significantly affected on the relative ovarian weight (quadratic and linear), and numbers of large yellow follicles (LYF, quadratic); birds with high AMEn had longer fallopian tube and more LYF than those with low AMEn (P < 0.05); (3) dietary lysine had significant effects (linear and quadratic) on eggshell thickness and shell strength of eggs from breeder hens; birds with high AMEn had thinner eggshells and deeper yolk color than those with low AMEn (P < 0.05); (4) there were higher (P < 0.05) contents of protein and concentrations of all measured animo acids (AAs) in eggs from birds fed low AMEn; (5) supplementation with high AMEn to breeder hens significantly increased the hatchability of fertilized eggs; (6) neither dietary lysine level or AMEn affected growth performance of offspring broilers; (7) both dietary lysine level and AMEn significantly affected gonadotropin concentrations and biochemical variables of breeder hens.

Conclusions: Dietary lysine had significant influences on productive performance, reproductive traits, and egg quality of yellow-feathered breeder hens. Based on productive performance, the optimal levels of dietary lysine were 0.81% to 0.83%, while 0.71% to 72% lysine was enough to obtain the best quality of breeding eggs. High AMEn was more beneficial to breeder hens for reproductive traits and hatchability of the fertilized eggs, while it showed detrimental effects on eggshell thickness and AA concentrations of breeding eggs.

背景:日粮赖氨酸和表观氮校正代谢能(AMEn)是影响种鸡生产的两个关键变量。本研究调查了赖氨酸和表观氮校正代谢能对黄羽肉用种鸡的影响及其相互作用。以 5(赖氨酸:0.56%、0.68%、0.80%、0.92% 和 1.04%)×2(AMEn:11.50 和 11.10 兆焦耳/千克)的析因安排饲喂 720 只 30 周龄的种鸡,连续饲喂 12 周。结果:(1) 日粮赖氨酸具有四次方效应(P 结论:日粮赖氨酸对种鸡的生产性能、繁殖性状、生化变量、鸡蛋的氨基酸浓度和质量以及后代肉鸡的生长性能具有显著的影响(P 结论:日粮赖氨酸对种鸡的生产性能、繁殖性状、生化变量、鸡蛋的氨基酸浓度和质量以及后代肉鸡的生长性能具有显著的影响:日粮赖氨酸对黄羽种鸡的生产性能、繁殖性状和鸡蛋品质有显著影响。根据生产性能,日粮赖氨酸的最佳水平为 0.81% 至 0.83%,而 0.71% 至 72% 的赖氨酸足以获得最佳的种蛋质量。高 AMEn 对种鸡的繁殖性状和受精蛋的孵化率更有利,而对蛋壳厚度和种蛋的 AA 浓度有不利影响。
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引用次数: 0
Cryopreservation of bovine sperm causes single-strand DNA breaks that are localized in the toroidal regions of chromatin. 对牛精子进行低温保存会导致单链 DNA 断裂,这些断裂位于染色质的环状区域。
IF 6.3 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-12 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01099-0
Jordi Ribas-Maynou, Rodrigo Muiño, Carolina Tamargo, Marc Yeste

Background: Sperm cryopreservation is widely used in the cattle industry, as it allows for disassociating the localization of sires and the collection of semen from the timing of artificial insemination. While freeze-thawing is known to impair sperm DNA integrity, whether the damage induced consists of single- (SSB) or double-strand breaks (DSB) has not been determined. In addition, no previous study has addressed if DNA breaks preferentially reside in specific genome regions such as those forming the toroid linker regions, or are rather spread throughout the regions linked to protamines. The main aim of the present work, therefore, was to elucidate the type and localization of the DNA damage generated by cryopreservation and to evaluate its impact on artificial insemination outcomes in cattle.

Results: The incidence of SSB and DSB was evaluated in 12 ejaculates before and after cryopreservation with the Comet assay, and the localization of the DNA breaks was assessed using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Before cryopreservation, the incidence of SSB was 10.99% ± 4.62% and involved 20.56% ± 3.04% of sperm cells, whereas these figures significantly (P < 0.0001) increased up to 34.11% ± 3.48% and 53.36% ± 11.00% in frozen-thawed sperm. In contrast, no significant differences in the incidence of DSB were observed (P > 0.990) before and after cryopreservation (before: incidence of 13.91% ± 1.75% of sperm DNA affecting 56.04% ± 12.49% of sperm cells; after: incidence of 13.55% ± 1.55% of sperm DNA involving 53.36% ± 11.00% of sperm cells). Moreover, PFGE revealed that the percentage of sperm DNA fragments whose length was shorter than a toroid (< 31.5 kb) was greater (P < 0.0001) after (27.00% ± 4.26%) than before freeze-thawing (15.57% ± 4.53%). These differences indicated that the DNA breaks induced by cryopreservation affect the regions condensed in protamines, which are structured in toroids. On the other hand, in vivo fertility rates were associated to the incidence of SSB and DSB in frozen-thawed sperm (P = 0.032 and P = 0.005), but not with the size of the DNA fragments resulting from these breaks (P > 0.05).

Conclusion: Cryopreservation of bovine sperm generates single-strand DNA breaks, which are mainly located in protamine-condensed toroidal regions. The incidence of DNA breaks in cryopreserved sperm has an impact on cattle fertility, regardless of the size of generated fragments.

背景:精子冷冻保存在养牛业中得到广泛应用,因为它可以将父本的定位和精液的采集与人工授精的时机分离开来。众所周知,冻融会损害精子 DNA 的完整性,但所引起的损伤是单链断裂(SSB)还是双链断裂(DSB)尚未确定。此外,以前的研究也没有涉及 DNA 断裂是优先存在于特定的基因组区域(如形成环状连接体的区域),还是分布于与原胺相连的整个区域。因此,本研究的主要目的是阐明低温保存产生的DNA损伤的类型和定位,并评估其对牛人工授精结果的影响:结果:用彗星试验评估了低温保存前后 12 份射精中 SSB 和 DSB 的发生率,并用脉冲场凝胶电泳(PFGE)评估了 DNA 断裂的定位。冷冻前,SSB的发生率为10.99% ± 4.62%,涉及20.56% ± 3.04%的精子细胞,而冷冻前和冷冻后的这一数字有显著差异(P 0.990)(冷冻前:精子DNA发生率为13.91% ± 1.75%,涉及56.04% ± 12.49%的精子细胞;冷冻后:精子DNA发生率为13.55% ± 1.55%,涉及53.36% ± 11.00%的精子细胞)。此外,PFGE 显示,长度短于环状的精子 DNA 片段所占百分比为 ( 0.05):结论:牛精子冷冻保存会产生单链DNA断裂,主要位于原胺缩合环状区。冷冻保存精子中 DNA 断裂的发生率对牛的繁殖力有影响,与所产生的断片大小无关。
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引用次数: 0
Effects of dietary Lactobacillus postbiotics and bacitracin on the modulation of mucosa-associated microbiota and pattern recognition receptors affecting immunocompetence of jejunal mucosa in pigs challenged with enterotoxigenic F18+ Escherichia coli. 日粮乳酸杆菌后益生菌和杆菌肽对猪受到肠毒性 F18+ 大肠杆菌挑战时影响空肠黏膜免疫能力的黏膜相关微生物群和模式识别受体的调节作用。
IF 6.3 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-11 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01098-1
Marcos Elias Duarte, Zixiao Deng, Sung Woo Kim

Background: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a threat to humans and animals that causes intestinal disorders. Antimicrobial resistance has urged alternatives, including Lactobacillus postbiotics, to mitigate the effects of enterotoxigenic E. coli.

Methods: Forty-eight newly weaned pigs were allotted to NC: no challenge/no supplement; PC: F18+ E. coli challenge/no supplement; ATB: F18+ E. coli challenge/bacitracin; and LPB: F18+ E. coli challenge/postbiotics and fed diets for 28 d. On d 7, pigs were orally inoculated with F18+ E. coli. At d 28, the mucosa-associated microbiota, immune and oxidative stress status, intestinal morphology, the gene expression of pattern recognition receptors (PRR), and intestinal barrier function were measured. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure in SAS 9.4.

Results: PC increased (P < 0.05) Helicobacter mastomyrinus whereas reduced (P < 0.05) Prevotella copri and P. stercorea compared to NC. The LPB increased (P < 0.05) P. stercorea and Dialister succinatiphilus compared with PC. The ATB increased (P < 0.05) Propionibacterium acnes, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and Sphingomonas pseudosanguinis compared to PC. The PC tended to reduce (P = 0.054) PGLYRP4 and increased (P < 0.05) TLR4, CD14, MDA, and crypt cell proliferation compared with NC. The ATB reduced (P < 0.05) NOD1 compared with PC. The LPB increased (P < 0.05) PGLYRP4, and interferon-γ and reduced (P < 0.05) NOD1 compared with PC. The ATB and LPB reduced (P < 0.05) TNF-α and MDA compared with PC.

Conclusions: The F18+ E. coli challenge compromised intestinal health. Bacitracin increased beneficial bacteria showing a trend towards increasing the intestinal barrier function, possibly by reducing the expression of PRR genes. Lactobacillus postbiotics enhanced the immunocompetence of nursery pigs by increasing the expression of interferon-γ and PGLYRP4, and by reducing TLR4, NOD1, and CD14.

背景:肠毒性大肠杆菌(E. coli)对人类和动物构成威胁,会引起肠道疾病。抗菌药耐药性促使人们采用包括乳酸杆菌益生菌在内的替代品来减轻肠毒性大肠杆菌的影响:方法:48 头刚断奶的猪被分配到 NC 组:无挑战/无补充;PC 组:F18+ 大肠杆菌挑战;PC 组:F18+ 大肠杆菌挑战;PC 组:F18+ 大肠杆菌挑战:第 7 天,给猪口服 F18+ 大肠杆菌。第 28 天时,测量粘膜相关微生物群、免疫和氧化应激状态、肠道形态、模式识别受体(PRR)基因表达和肠道屏障功能。数据使用 SAS 9.4 中的 MIXED 程序进行分析:PC 增加(P 结论:F18+ 大肠杆菌的 PC 增加了(P 结论:F18+ 大肠杆菌的 PC 增加了(PF18+ 大肠杆菌挑战损害了肠道健康。杆菌肽增加了有益菌群,显示出增强肠道屏障功能的趋势,可能是通过减少 PRR 基因的表达。乳酸菌后益生菌通过增加干扰素-γ 和 PGLYRP4 的表达,以及减少 TLR4、NOD1 和 CD14 的表达,增强了保育猪的免疫能力。
{"title":"Effects of dietary Lactobacillus postbiotics and bacitracin on the modulation of mucosa-associated microbiota and pattern recognition receptors affecting immunocompetence of jejunal mucosa in pigs challenged with enterotoxigenic F18<sup>+</sup> Escherichia coli.","authors":"Marcos Elias Duarte, Zixiao Deng, Sung Woo Kim","doi":"10.1186/s40104-024-01098-1","DOIUrl":"10.1186/s40104-024-01098-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p><strong>Background: </strong>Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a threat to humans and animals that causes intestinal disorders. Antimicrobial resistance has urged alternatives, including Lactobacillus postbiotics, to mitigate the effects of enterotoxigenic E. coli.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Forty-eight newly weaned pigs were allotted to NC: no challenge/no supplement; PC: F18<sup>+</sup> E. coli challenge/no supplement; ATB: F18<sup>+</sup> E. coli challenge/bacitracin; and LPB: F18<sup>+</sup> E. coli challenge/postbiotics and fed diets for 28 d. On d 7, pigs were orally inoculated with F18<sup>+</sup> E. coli. At d 28, the mucosa-associated microbiota, immune and oxidative stress status, intestinal morphology, the gene expression of pattern recognition receptors (PRR), and intestinal barrier function were measured. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure in SAS 9.4.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>PC increased (P < 0.05) Helicobacter mastomyrinus whereas reduced (P < 0.05) Prevotella copri and P. stercorea compared to NC. The LPB increased (P < 0.05) P. stercorea and Dialister succinatiphilus compared with PC. The ATB increased (P < 0.05) Propionibacterium acnes, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and Sphingomonas pseudosanguinis compared to PC. The PC tended to reduce (P = 0.054) PGLYRP4 and increased (P < 0.05) TLR4, CD14, MDA, and crypt cell proliferation compared with NC. The ATB reduced (P < 0.05) NOD1 compared with PC. The LPB increased (P < 0.05) PGLYRP4, and interferon-γ and reduced (P < 0.05) NOD1 compared with PC. The ATB and LPB reduced (P < 0.05) TNF-α and MDA compared with PC.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>The F18<sup>+</sup> E. coli challenge compromised intestinal health. Bacitracin increased beneficial bacteria showing a trend towards increasing the intestinal barrier function, possibly by reducing the expression of PRR genes. Lactobacillus postbiotics enhanced the immunocompetence of nursery pigs by increasing the expression of interferon-γ and PGLYRP4, and by reducing TLR4, NOD1, and CD14.</p>","PeriodicalId":64067,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":6.3,"publicationDate":"2024-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11468193/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142402153","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Bacillus CotA laccase improved the intestinal health, amino acid metabolism and hepatic metabolic capacity of Pekin ducks fed naturally contaminated AFB1 diet. CotA 漆酶芽孢杆菌改善了饲喂自然污染 AFB1 日粮的北京鸭的肠道健康、氨基酸代谢和肝脏代谢能力。
IF 6.3 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-10 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01091-8
Mingxin Ma, Qianqian Wang, Yanrong Liu, Guiming Li, Limeng Liu, Gaigai Wang, Yongpeng Guo, Shimeng Huang, Qiugang Ma, Cheng Ji, Lihong Zhao

Background: Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a prevalent contaminant in agricultural products, presenting significant risks to animal health. CotA laccase from Bacillus licheniformis has shown significant efficacy in degrading mycotoxins in vitro test. The efficacy of Bacillus CotA laccase in animals, however, remains to be confirmed. A 2 × 2 factorial design was used to investigate the effects of Bacillus CotA laccase level (0 or 1 U/kg), AFB1 challenge (challenged or unchallenged) and their interactions on ducks. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Bacillus CotA laccase in alleviating AFB1 toxicosis of ducks.

Results: Bacillus CotA laccase alleviated AFB1-induced declines in growth performance of ducks accompanied by improved average daily gain (ADG) and lower feed/gain ratio (F/G). Bacillus CotA laccase ameliorated AFB1-induced gut barrier dysfunctions and inflammation testified by increasing the jejunal villi height/crypt depth ratio (VH/CD) and the mRNA expression of tight junction protein 1 (TJP1) and zonula occluden-1 (ZO-1) as well as decreasing the expression of inflammation-related genes in the jejunum of ducks. Amino acid metabolome showed that Bacillus CotA laccase ameliorated AFB1-induced amino acid metabolism disorders evidenced by increasing the level of glutamic acid in serum and upregulating the expression of amino acid transport related genes in jejunum of ducks. Bacillus CotA laccase ameliorated AFB1-induced liver injury testified by suppressing oxidative stress, inhibiting apoptosis, and downregulating the expression of hepatic metabolic enzyme related genes of ducks. Moreover, Bacillus CotA laccase degraded AFB1 in digestive tract of ducks, resulting in the reduced absorption level of AFB1 across intestinal epithelium testified by the decreased level of AFB1-DNA adduct in the liver, and the reduced content of AFB1 residues in liver and feces of ducks.

Conclusions: Bacillus CotA laccase effectively improved the growth performance, intestinal health, amino acid metabolism and hepatic aflatoxin metabolism of ducks fed AFB1 diets, highlighting its potential as an efficient and safe feed enzyme for AFB1 degradation in animal production.

背景:黄曲霉毒素 B1(AFB1)是农产品中一种普遍存在的污染物,对动物健康构成重大风险。地衣芽孢杆菌的 CotA 漆酶在体外试验中显示出降解霉菌毒素的显著功效。然而,地衣芽孢杆菌 CotA 漆酶在动物体内的功效仍有待证实。本研究采用 2 × 2 因式设计,研究 CotA 杆菌漆酶水平(0 或 1 U/kg)、AFB1 挑战(挑战或未挑战)及其相互作用对鸭子的影响。本研究的目的是评估 CotA 长酶芽孢杆菌缓解鸭 AFB1 中毒的效果:结果:枯草芽孢杆菌 CotA 长酶缓解了 AFB1 引起的鸭生长性能下降,同时提高了平均日增重(ADG),降低了饲料/增重比(F/G)。CotA 长效漆酶芽孢杆菌通过提高鸭空肠绒毛高度/绒毛深度比(VH/CD)、紧密连接蛋白 1(TJP1)和封闭带-1(ZO-1)的 mRNA 表达以及降低空肠炎症相关基因的表达,改善了 AFB1 引起的肠道屏障功能障碍和炎症。氨基酸代谢组显示,CotA漆酶芽孢杆菌可改善AFB1诱导的氨基酸代谢紊乱,表现为提高鸭血清中谷氨酸的水平,并上调鸭空肠中氨基酸转运相关基因的表达。CotA 漆酶芽孢杆菌通过抑制氧化应激、抑制细胞凋亡和下调鸭肝脏代谢酶相关基因的表达,改善了 AFB1 诱导的肝损伤。此外,枯草芽孢杆菌 CotA 漆酶还能降解鸭消化道中的 AFB1,从而降低肠上皮对 AFB1 的吸收水平,这体现在鸭肝脏中 AFB1-DNA 加合物水平的降低,以及鸭肝脏和粪便中 AFB1 残留物含量的减少:结论:CotA漆酶芽孢杆菌能有效改善饲喂AFB1日粮的鸭子的生长性能、肠道健康、氨基酸代谢和肝脏黄曲霉毒素代谢,凸显了其作为一种高效、安全的饲料酶在动物生产中降解AFB1的潜力。
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引用次数: 0
Dietary ferulic acid supplementation enhances antioxidant capacity and alleviates hepatocyte pyroptosis in diquat challenged piglets. 膳食中补充阿魏酸可提高抗氧化能力,缓解敌草快挑战仔猪肝细胞的脓毒症。
IF 6.3 Q1 AGRICULTURE, DAIRY & ANIMAL SCIENCE Pub Date : 2024-10-07 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-024-01086-5
Junqiu Luo, Xiu Wu, Daiwen Chen, Bing Yu, Jun He

Background: Oxidative stress significantly impacts growth performance and liver function in piglets. Ferulic acid (FA) works as an antioxidant, however, the role and mechanism of FA in the regulation of diquat-induced oxidative stress in piglets are less known. This study was designed to investigate the effects of FA on growth performance and antioxidant capacity in piglets with diquat challenge.

Methods: Thirty-two healthy DLY (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire) piglets (13.24 ± 0.19 kg) were randomly divided into one of two diets including 0 or 4 g/kg FA for 14 d. On d 15, all pigs were intraperitoneally injected diquat or sterile saline.

Results: Dietary supplementation with ferulic acid (FA) significantly improved the average daily gain (ADG) and decreased feed-gain ratio (F/G) of piglets. Here, dietary FA supplementation reduced serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities in diquat challenged piglets. Furthermore, diquat infusion increased reactive oxygen radicals (ROS) level in liver, decreased the activities of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content in the liver and serum. Supplementation with FA significantly increased T-AOC and T-SOD activities and decreased MDA and ROS levels. FA down-regulated gene and protein expression of Keap1, and up-regulated protein expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 in the liver of piglets with diquat challenge. Importantly, diquat challenge increased the ratio of late apoptosis, increased serum levels of IL-1β, IL-18 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and up-regulated pyroptosis-related genes in the liver. FA supplementation reduced the ratio of late apoptosis and down-regulated mRNA expression of Caspase-1. Accordingly, FA addition reduced concentration of IL-1β, IL-18, and LDH under diquat challenge.

Conclusions: Diquat-induced oxidative stress reduced growth performance and impaired liver function in piglets. Dietary FA supplementation enhanced the antioxidant capacity and reduced the degree of hepatocyte pyroptosis, thereby alleviating the oxidative damage in the liver and mitigating the impact of diquat on growth performance of piglets.

背景氧化应激会严重影响仔猪的生长性能和肝脏功能。阿魏酸(FA)是一种抗氧化剂,然而,人们对阿魏酸在调节敌草快诱导的仔猪氧化应激中的作用和机制知之甚少。本研究旨在探讨敌草快挑战下 FA 对仔猪生长性能和抗氧化能力的影响:32头健康的DLY(杜洛克×兰德拉克×约克夏)仔猪(13.24 ± 0.19 kg)被随机分配到两种日粮中,其中一种日粮包括0或4 g/kg的阿魏,持续14 d;第15 d,所有猪腹腔注射敌草快或无菌生理盐水:结果:日粮中添加阿魏酸(FA)可显著提高仔猪的平均日增重(ADG),降低饲料报酬比(F/G)。补充阿魏酸可降低敌草快挑战仔猪的血清天冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)和丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)活性。此外,灌注敌草快增加了肝脏中活性氧自由基(ROS)的水平,降低了总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC),并增加了肝脏和血清中丙二醛(MDA)的含量。补充 FA 能明显提高 T-AOC 和 T-SOD 活性,降低 MDA 和 ROS 水平。FA 下调了挑战敌草快仔猪肝脏中 Keap1 的基因和蛋白表达,上调了 Nrf2 和 HO-1 的蛋白表达。重要的是,敌草快挑战增加了晚期细胞凋亡的比例,提高了血清中IL-1β、IL-18和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)的水平,并上调了肝脏中热凋亡相关基因的表达。补充足量脂肪酸可降低晚期细胞凋亡的比例,并下调 Caspase-1 的 mRNA 表达。因此,在敌草快挑战下,添加FA可降低IL-1β、IL-18和LDH的浓度:结论:敌草快诱导的氧化应激降低了仔猪的生长性能并损害了其肝功能。结论:敌草快诱导的氧化应激降低了仔猪的生长性能并损害了其肝脏功能。膳食中添加足量脂肪酸可提高抗氧化能力并降低肝细胞脓毒症的程度,从而减轻肝脏的氧化损伤并减轻敌草快对仔猪生长性能的影响。
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引用次数: 0
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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology
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