Design with myself: A brain–computer interface design tool that predicts live emotion to enhance metacognitive monitoring of designers

Metacognitive monitoring, defined as the self-awareness and management of cognitive processes, influences creative design. Yet, there are few tools to enhance metacognitive monitoring through biofeedback. To address the gap, we present “Multi-Self”, a BCI-VR design tool for enhancing metacognitive monitoring in architectural design. Multi-Self evaluates designers’ emotions responses (valence and arousal) to their work, providing real-time, visual biofeedback. A proof-of-concept pilot study with 24 participants was conducted to assess the tool’s feasibility and usability. While feedback accuracy responses were mixed, most participants found the tool useful, reporting that it sparked metacognitive monitoring, encouraged exploration of the design space, and helped to modulate subjective uncertainty.