以生物柴油为基础的可持续航空燃料运行时航空涡轮发动机的气体排放、性能和稳定性的实验室规模研究

R. Mirea, G. Cican
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Combustion temperatures ahead of the turbines rise with an increase in biodiesel concentration, particularly in the idle regime, without compromising engine integrity. However, for regimes 2 and 3, the temperature in front of the turbine decreases with rising biodiesel concentration, accompanied by an increase in fuel flow rate. This phenomenon is reflected in the elevated specific consumption. Notably, for regime 3, there is a noticeable rise in specific consumption, starting from S = 0.0264 kg/Nh when the turbo-engine operates solely with Ke, to S = 0.0266 kg/Nh for Ke + 10% BP, S = 0.0269 kg/Nh for Ke + 20% BP, and S = 0.0275 kg/Nh for Ke + 30% BP. Physical–chemical properties of the blends, encompassing density, viscosity, flash point, and calorific power, were determined. Furthermore, elemental analysis and FTIR were used for chemical composition determination. The amount of CO2 produced during the stoichiometric combustion reaction with air showed variations. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

该研究通过实验检验了从猪肉脂肪(BP)中提取的生物柴油与煤油(Ke)--Jet-A 航空燃料 + 5% Aeroshell 500 油混合后作为可持续航空燃料(SAF)的可行性。在航空微型涡轮增压发动机中对生物柴油和煤油的各种混合物(在煤油中添加 10、20 和 30% 体积的生物柴油)进行了不同工作状态下的测试:怠速、巡航和最大功率。测试期间,对燃烧温度、燃料消耗和推力等发动机参数进行了监测。研究还包括计算在最大功率条件下所有混合燃料的燃烧效率、热效率和比消耗等关键性能指标。涡轮前的燃烧温度随着生物柴油浓度的增加而升高,尤其是在怠速工况下,但不会影响发动机的完整性。然而,在工况 2 和 3 中,涡轮前的温度会随着生物柴油浓度的增加而降低,同时燃料流量也会增加。这一现象反映在比消耗量的增加上。值得注意的是,在制度 3 中,比消耗量明显上升,从涡轮发动机仅使用 Ke 时的 S = 0.0264 kg/Nh,到 Ke + 10% BP 时的 S = 0.0266 kg/Nh,Ke + 20% BP 时的 S = 0.0269 kg/Nh,以及 Ke + 30% BP 时的 S = 0.0275 kg/Nh。测定了混合物的物理化学特性,包括密度、粘度、闪点和热量。此外,还利用元素分析和傅立叶变换红外光谱测定了化学成分。在与空气进行化学合成燃烧反应过程中产生的二氧化碳量出现了变化。最初,只使用 Ke 时,每公斤燃料产生 3.12 公斤二氧化碳。添加 10% 的 BP 后,该值降至 3.09 千克,添加 20% 的 BP 后进一步降至 3.05 千克。30% BP 的最低值为 3.04 千克。在 Jet Cat P80® 微型涡轮增压发动机上进行了实验评估,评估内容包括起动程序、突然加速、突然减速以及发动机在多个运行阶段的污染物排放(氮氧化物、一氧化碳和二氧化硫)。结果表明,所研究的混合燃料在所有测试条件下都表现出稳定的发动机性能。这表明,这些混合燃料有望成为微型涡轮发动机的可持续航空燃料,从而减少污染,并为燃料生产提供更环保的原材料。
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Lab Scale Investigation of Gaseous Emissions, Performance and Stability of an Aviation Turbo-Engine While Running on Biodiesel Based Sustainable Aviation Fuel
The research experimentally examines the viability of biodiesel obtained from pork fat (BP) as a sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) when mixed with kerosene (Ke)—Jet-A aviation fuel + 5% Aeroshell 500 oil. Various blends of biodiesel and kerosene (10, 20, and 30% vol. of BP added in Ke) were subjected to testing in an aviation micro turbo-engine under different operational states: idle, cruise, and maximum power. During the tests, monitoring of engine parameters such as burning temperature, fuel consumption, and thrust force was conducted. The study also encompassed the calculation of crucial performance indicators like burning efficiency, thermal efficiency, and specific consumption for all fuel blends under maximum power conditions. Combustion temperatures ahead of the turbines rise with an increase in biodiesel concentration, particularly in the idle regime, without compromising engine integrity. However, for regimes 2 and 3, the temperature in front of the turbine decreases with rising biodiesel concentration, accompanied by an increase in fuel flow rate. This phenomenon is reflected in the elevated specific consumption. Notably, for regime 3, there is a noticeable rise in specific consumption, starting from S = 0.0264 kg/Nh when the turbo-engine operates solely with Ke, to S = 0.0266 kg/Nh for Ke + 10% BP, S = 0.0269 kg/Nh for Ke + 20% BP, and S = 0.0275 kg/Nh for Ke + 30% BP. Physical–chemical properties of the blends, encompassing density, viscosity, flash point, and calorific power, were determined. Furthermore, elemental analysis and FTIR were used for chemical composition determination. The amount of CO2 produced during the stoichiometric combustion reaction with air showed variations. Initially, when using only Ke, it amounted to 3.12 kg per kilogram of fuel. Upon adding 10% BP, this value decreased to 3.09 kg, further reducing to 3.05 kg with 20% BP. The lowest value was observed with 30% BP, reaching 3.04 kg. Experimental assessments were performed on the Jet Cat P80® micro-turbo-engine, covering aspects such as starting procedures, sudden acceleration, sudden deceleration, and emissions of pollutants (NOx, CO, and SO2) during several engine operational phases. The outcomes reveal that the examined fuel blends exhibited stable engine performance across all tested conditions. This indicates that these blends hold promise as sustainable aviation fuels for micro turbo-engines, presenting benefits in terms of diminished pollution and a more ecologically sound raw material base for fuel production.
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