根据城市化地区剖面系统分析积雪覆盖参数的时空变异性

A. V. Lanko, G. I. Sarapulova
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引用次数: 0

摘要

研究的目的是根据反映该地区微地形特征的剖面系统,分析伊尔库茨克市城市化地区及其邻近地区积雪覆盖参数的时空变化。实地勘测是按照雪和地球化学勘测的标准建议进行的。除 0.5-1 厘米的积雪深度外,在整个积雪深度都进行了积雪取样。采样点距离道路至少 25 米。城市居民区的积雪取样工作是在积雪覆盖不受干扰、没有多余雪堆和垃圾填埋场的地方进行的。使用 Global Mapper、Golden Software Surfer 和 Statistica 软件进行统计分析,建立剖面模型,并获得雪盖参数分布图。根据雷达地形测量数据获得了三维地形模型,该模型揭示了研究区域的多地形地貌,包括山地、高平原与起伏的平缓分水岭、山谷、凹地和洼地。根据剖面图绘制的雪深分布图可以确定积雪最深的地区。对融水滤液进行了为期三年的地球化学分析。2021 年,发现钨、钠、溴、钙、钼、硫、钡、镁、锑、钽、铯、钛、铬和硅的含量与导电率高度相关。根据记录,砷、铜和铅与电导率的平均相关水平。获得的分析数据表明,由于工业设施的活动,当年的大气降水对该地区造成了不同程度的污染。此外,还揭示了 pH 值雪花指数的分布模式。结果表明,pH 值为 6 的区域是受使用碳氢化合物燃料(汽油、煤油、燃油、柴油、煤炭)的发电厂影响造成的。利用地理信息系统技术和物理化学方法对积雪覆盖进行了实地和实验室研究。考虑到地形起伏,研究揭示了污染物在不同时空的分布和迁移情况。这项研究为景观结构建模提供了机会,同时考虑到了气象参数、物候过程和雪覆盖状态,以促进国民经济和各种设施的选址建设。
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Spatial and temporal variability analysis of snow cover parameters according to the urbanized area profile system
The purpose of the study is to analyze the spatial and temporal variability of snow cover parameters in the urbanized area of the city of Irkutsk and its adjacent areas according to the system of profiles reflecting the features of the area microrelief. Field surveys were conducted in accordance with standard recommendations for snow and geochemical surveys. Snow sampling was carried out at the entire snow depth, with the exception of the snow depth of 0.5-1 cm. Sampling points located at least 25 meters away from the roads. Snow sampling in the residential areas of the city was carried out in the places with undisturbed snow cover and free from extraneous snow banks and landfills. Global Mapper, Golden Software Surfer, Statistica software were used to carry out statistical analysis, build the models of profile sections and obtain the diagrams of snow cover parameter distribution. A 3D relief model was obtained on the basis of radar topographic survey data, which revealed a multiple formation relief of the studied area featuring mountains, high plains with undulating flat gently sloping watersheds, valleys, hollows and depressions. The height difference is up to 230 m. The diagrams of snow depth distribution built with regard to the profiles made it possible to identify the territories with the deepest snow cover. A geochemical analysis of the melt water filtrate was carried out over a three-year period. In 2021 a high correlation with electrical conductivity was found for the contents of tungsten, sodium, bromine, calcium, molybdenum, sulfur, barium, magnesium, antimony, tantalum, cesium, titanium, chromium, and silicon. The average correlation level with electrical conductivity was recorded for arsenic, copper, and lead. The analysis data obtained indicate a different contamination level of the area as a result of atmospheric precipitation in those years due to the activity of industrial facilities. The distribution patterns of the pH snow index have been revealed. It is shown that zones with pH<6 are mostly confined to the Irkutsk aluminum smelter. The zones with pH >6 are caused by the influence of the power plants using hydrocarbon fuels: gasoline, kerosene, fuel oil, diesel fuel, coal. The snow cover was subjected to field and laboratory studies using GIS technologies and physico-chemical methods. The distribution and migration of pollutants in various spatial and temporal aspects have been revealed taking into account the terrain relief. The conducted study opens up opportunities for modeling the landscape structure, taking into account meteorological parameters, phenological processes and snow cover state for the purposes of the national economy and the location of construction of various facilities.
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