对接触氧化钙颗粒的大西洋鲑鱼进行组织病理学评估:临床对照研究

Elia Ciani, Kai-Inge Lie, M. Stormoen, Stein Ivar Antonsen, Even Hjalmar Jørgensen
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摘要

微粒氧化钙(CaO)已成功用于控制海胆和海星的数量。最近的研究证明了它在杀死浮游桡足类方面的功效,使其成为大西洋鲑鱼(Salmo salar)养殖业中控制鲑虱的一种既有前途又廉价的选择。此外,初步的实验室测试表明,接触 0.2 克/升-0.6 克/升的氧化钙微粒会导致浮游阶段的鲑虱大量死亡。本研究调查了用细小氧化钙颗粒[0.2 克/升或 127.4 克/平方米;0.1 毫米-0.3 毫米]进行水处理的影响,在 5°C 和 12°C 温度下连续三周,每周两次,在流经系统中对蜕皮后的大西洋鲑鱼进行处理。该研究比较了经处理和未经处理的对照组鲑鱼的死亡率以及皮肤、眼睛、鳃和肠道的组织病理学。结果表明,接触氧化钙不会导致鱼类死亡,也不会对皮肤、眼睛或肠道造成组织病理学损伤。虽然接触氧化钙对鳃的炎症或增生没有明显影响,但接触氧化钙确实会增加鳃血管损伤和小部分组织坏死的发生率(在大多数样本中小于呼吸鳃组织的 10%),分别增加了 60% 和 35%。这种影响不受温度或时间的影响。结果表明,本研究中使用的氧化钙处理方案不会对大西洋鲑造成致命伤害,而且对大多数分析组织都是安全的。尽管如此,在鳃中诱导的血管损伤和坏死(尽管是小部分组织)强调了进一步研究的必要性。至关重要的是,要制定一种避免此类病变的方案,以确保在鲑鱼养殖中安全应用 CaO 作为抗寄生虫治疗。
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Histopathological assessment of Atlantic salmon exposed to calcium oxide particles: a controlled clinical study
Particulate calcium oxide (CaO) has been successfully used for the control of sea urchin and starfish populations. Recent studies have proven its efficacy in killing planktonic copepods, making it a promising and cheap option for salmon louse control in the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) farming industry. Additionally, preliminary laboratory tests demonstrated that exposure to 0.2 g/L–0.6 g/L of fine CaO particles induced significant mortality of salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis) in the planktonic stages. The present study investigated the effects of water treatment with fine CaO particles [0.2 g/L or 127.4 g/m2; 0.1 mm–0.3 mm], conducted twice a week for three consecutive weeks at 5°C and 12°C on Atlantic salmon post-smolt in a flow-through system. The study compared mortality rates and histopathology of skin, eyes, gills, and intestines between treated and untreated control salmon. The results indicated that CaO exposure did not induce fish mortality or histopathological damages in the skin, eyes, or intestines. Although there were no significant effects of CaO exposure on gill inflammation or hyperplasia, the exposure did increase the occurrence of gill vascular injuries and necrosis in small portions of the tissue (< 10% of the respiratory gill tissue in most of the samples) by 60% and 35%, respectively. The effect was not modulated by temperature or time. The results indicate that the CaO treatment protocol used in this study is not lethal to Atlantic salmon and is safe for most analyzed tissues. Nonetheless, the induction of vascular damage and necrosis in the gill, albeit in small tissue portions, emphasizes the need for further research. It is crucial to develop a protocol that avoids such lesions, ensuring the secure application of CaO as an antiparasitic treatment in salmon aquaculture.
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