Pub Date : 2024-07-09DOI: 10.3389/faquc.2024.1365123
Vitor Cerqueira, João Pimentel, Jennie Korus, Francisco Bravo, Joana Amorim, Mariana Oliveira, Andrew Swanson, Ramón Filgueira, Jon Grant, Luis Torgo
Hypoxia is defined as a critically low-oxygen condition of water, which, if prolonged, can be harmful to fish and many other aquatic species. In the context of ocean salmon fish farming, early detection of hypoxia events is critical for farm managers to mitigate these events to reduce fish stress, however in complex natural systems accurate forecasting tools are limited. The goal of this research is to use a machine learning approach to forecast oxygen concentration and predict hypoxia events in marine net-pen salmon farms.The developed model is based on gradient boosting and works in two stages. First, we apply auto-regression to build a forecasting model that predicts oxygen concentration levels within a cage. We take a global forecasting approach by building a model using the historical data provided by sensors at several marine fish farms located in eastern Canada. Then, the forecasts are transformed into binary probabilities that indicate the likelihood of a low-oxygen event. We leverage the cumulative distribution function to compute these probabilities.We tested our model in a case study that included several cages across 14 fish farms. The experiments suggest that the model can detect future hypoxic events with a commercially acceptable false alarm rate. The resulting probabilistic predictions and oxygen concentration forecasts can help salmon farmers to prioritize resources, and reduce harm to crops.
{"title":"Forecasting ocean hypoxia in salmonid fish farms","authors":"Vitor Cerqueira, João Pimentel, Jennie Korus, Francisco Bravo, Joana Amorim, Mariana Oliveira, Andrew Swanson, Ramón Filgueira, Jon Grant, Luis Torgo","doi":"10.3389/faquc.2024.1365123","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/faquc.2024.1365123","url":null,"abstract":"Hypoxia is defined as a critically low-oxygen condition of water, which, if prolonged, can be harmful to fish and many other aquatic species. In the context of ocean salmon fish farming, early detection of hypoxia events is critical for farm managers to mitigate these events to reduce fish stress, however in complex natural systems accurate forecasting tools are limited. The goal of this research is to use a machine learning approach to forecast oxygen concentration and predict hypoxia events in marine net-pen salmon farms.The developed model is based on gradient boosting and works in two stages. First, we apply auto-regression to build a forecasting model that predicts oxygen concentration levels within a cage. We take a global forecasting approach by building a model using the historical data provided by sensors at several marine fish farms located in eastern Canada. Then, the forecasts are transformed into binary probabilities that indicate the likelihood of a low-oxygen event. We leverage the cumulative distribution function to compute these probabilities.We tested our model in a case study that included several cages across 14 fish farms. The experiments suggest that the model can detect future hypoxic events with a commercially acceptable false alarm rate. The resulting probabilistic predictions and oxygen concentration forecasts can help salmon farmers to prioritize resources, and reduce harm to crops.","PeriodicalId":101308,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aquaculture","volume":"102 25","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141666442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-05DOI: 10.3389/faquc.2024.1428056
B. Buck, Hans V. Bjelland, Abigail Bockus, Michael Chambers, Barry A. Costa-Pierce, Tobias Dewhurst, Joao G. Ferreira, H. M. Føre, David W. Fredriksson, Nils Goseberg, John Holmyard, Wolf Isbert, G. Krause, Till Markus, Nikos Papandroulakis, Tyler Sclodnick, Bill Silkes, Åsa Strand, Max Troell, Daniel Wieczorek, S. W. K. van den Burg, Kevin G. Heasman
The terms “offshore” and “open ocean” have been used to describe aquaculture sites that are further from the coast or in higher energy environments. Neither term has been clearly defined in the scientific literature nor in a legal context, and the terms are often used interchangeably. These and other related terms (for example “exposed”, “high-energy”) variously refer to aspects of a site such as the geographic distance from shore or infrastructure, the level of exposure to large waves and strong currents, the geographic fetch, the water depth, or some combination of these parameters. The ICES Working Group (ICES, 2024) on Open Ocean Aquaculture (WGOOA) therefore identified a need to define the terminology to reduce ambiguity for these types of aquaculture sites or more precisely, to: (1) promote a common understanding and avoid misuse for different classifications; (2) enable regulators to identify the characteristics of a marine site; (3) allow farmers to be able to assess or quantitatively compare sites for development; (4) equip developers and producers to identify operational parameters in which the equipment and vessels will need to operate; (5) provide insurers and investors with the terminology to consistently assess risk and premiums; and (6) circumvent the emergence of narratives that root in different cognitive interpretations of the terminology in public discourse. This paper describes the evolution of the use of the term “offshore aquaculture” and define the most relevant parameters to shift to a more definitive and robust term “exposed aquaculture” that can inherently relay clearer information. Adoption of this more definitive definition of “exposed” will allow the user to define a site with more than just distance from shore. Key differences and the importance of these terms are discussed that affect various interest groups. Follow-up articles in this compilation from scientific members of the WGOOA as well as other scientists outside ICES are incorporated that develop a set of definitions and a rigorous exposure index.
{"title":"Resolving the term “offshore aquaculture” by decoupling “exposed” and “distance from the coast”","authors":"B. Buck, Hans V. Bjelland, Abigail Bockus, Michael Chambers, Barry A. Costa-Pierce, Tobias Dewhurst, Joao G. Ferreira, H. M. Føre, David W. Fredriksson, Nils Goseberg, John Holmyard, Wolf Isbert, G. Krause, Till Markus, Nikos Papandroulakis, Tyler Sclodnick, Bill Silkes, Åsa Strand, Max Troell, Daniel Wieczorek, S. W. K. van den Burg, Kevin G. Heasman","doi":"10.3389/faquc.2024.1428056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/faquc.2024.1428056","url":null,"abstract":"The terms “offshore” and “open ocean” have been used to describe aquaculture sites that are further from the coast or in higher energy environments. Neither term has been clearly defined in the scientific literature nor in a legal context, and the terms are often used interchangeably. These and other related terms (for example “exposed”, “high-energy”) variously refer to aspects of a site such as the geographic distance from shore or infrastructure, the level of exposure to large waves and strong currents, the geographic fetch, the water depth, or some combination of these parameters. The ICES Working Group (ICES, 2024) on Open Ocean Aquaculture (WGOOA) therefore identified a need to define the terminology to reduce ambiguity for these types of aquaculture sites or more precisely, to: (1) promote a common understanding and avoid misuse for different classifications; (2) enable regulators to identify the characteristics of a marine site; (3) allow farmers to be able to assess or quantitatively compare sites for development; (4) equip developers and producers to identify operational parameters in which the equipment and vessels will need to operate; (5) provide insurers and investors with the terminology to consistently assess risk and premiums; and (6) circumvent the emergence of narratives that root in different cognitive interpretations of the terminology in public discourse. This paper describes the evolution of the use of the term “offshore aquaculture” and define the most relevant parameters to shift to a more definitive and robust term “exposed aquaculture” that can inherently relay clearer information. Adoption of this more definitive definition of “exposed” will allow the user to define a site with more than just distance from shore. Key differences and the importance of these terms are discussed that affect various interest groups. Follow-up articles in this compilation from scientific members of the WGOOA as well as other scientists outside ICES are incorporated that develop a set of definitions and a rigorous exposure index.","PeriodicalId":101308,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aquaculture","volume":" 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141674137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.3389/faquc.2024.1390415
Eliana Ruiz Martínez, D. Schroeder, Gunnar Thuestad, I. A. Hoell
Brown algae (Phaeophyceae) dominate intertidal and shallow subtidal areas globally, where larger species form extensive underwater forests. These structurally complex and highly productive habitats enhance local biodiversity and support food webs in coastal areas through secondary production, thereby shaping local oceanography and ecology. Macroalgal aquaculture is an important and growing sector, where approximately 40% of all cultivated algae belong to Phaeophyceae. However, both cultured and natural brown algae have been under increasing pressure due to climate-driven factors, such as ocean warming, eutrophication, and herbivore outbreaks. We conducted a comprehensive literature review on abiotic (temperature, light intensity, and UV radiation, nutrients, water motion, salinity, and substrata and sediment) and biotic (bacteria, viruses, fungi, eukaryotic endophytes and endoparasites, epiphytes, and grazers) stressors and illnesses in marine brown macroalgae, as well as brown algae defense mechanisms, and discuss how these parameters may affect the production of a sustainable crop for the aquaculture industry under future climate change scenarios.
{"title":"Brown algae (Phaeophyceae) stressors and illnesses: a review for a sustainable aquaculture under climate change","authors":"Eliana Ruiz Martínez, D. Schroeder, Gunnar Thuestad, I. A. Hoell","doi":"10.3389/faquc.2024.1390415","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/faquc.2024.1390415","url":null,"abstract":"Brown algae (Phaeophyceae) dominate intertidal and shallow subtidal areas globally, where larger species form extensive underwater forests. These structurally complex and highly productive habitats enhance local biodiversity and support food webs in coastal areas through secondary production, thereby shaping local oceanography and ecology. Macroalgal aquaculture is an important and growing sector, where approximately 40% of all cultivated algae belong to Phaeophyceae. However, both cultured and natural brown algae have been under increasing pressure due to climate-driven factors, such as ocean warming, eutrophication, and herbivore outbreaks. We conducted a comprehensive literature review on abiotic (temperature, light intensity, and UV radiation, nutrients, water motion, salinity, and substrata and sediment) and biotic (bacteria, viruses, fungi, eukaryotic endophytes and endoparasites, epiphytes, and grazers) stressors and illnesses in marine brown macroalgae, as well as brown algae defense mechanisms, and discuss how these parameters may affect the production of a sustainable crop for the aquaculture industry under future climate change scenarios.","PeriodicalId":101308,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aquaculture","volume":"11 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141271835","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-08DOI: 10.3389/faquc.2024.1384722
J. Aarstad, S. Jakobsen, Arnt Fløysand, O. Kvitastein
Previous research has shown that Norwegian aquaculture firms strongly emphasize environmental and social sustainability, and this study aims to assess if the pattern is consistent across the value chain and consistent independent of suppliers’ amount of sales to fish farming. Also, it studies if value chain position and sales to fish farming are associated with innovation activities. Empirically, the study compares survey data between firms in the aquaculture industry and other industries as reference groups. The results show that aquaculture firms across the value chain overall emphasize environmental and social sustainability more than actors in the reference industries. For suppliers, the emphasis is strongest for those with high sales to fish farming. Another finding is that aquaculture firms’ innovation activities are relatively strong among firms providing services and input factors, particularly among suppliers with high sales to fish farming.
{"title":"Sustainability and innovation across the aquaculture value chain","authors":"J. Aarstad, S. Jakobsen, Arnt Fløysand, O. Kvitastein","doi":"10.3389/faquc.2024.1384722","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/faquc.2024.1384722","url":null,"abstract":"Previous research has shown that Norwegian aquaculture firms strongly emphasize environmental and social sustainability, and this study aims to assess if the pattern is consistent across the value chain and consistent independent of suppliers’ amount of sales to fish farming. Also, it studies if value chain position and sales to fish farming are associated with innovation activities. Empirically, the study compares survey data between firms in the aquaculture industry and other industries as reference groups. The results show that aquaculture firms across the value chain overall emphasize environmental and social sustainability more than actors in the reference industries. For suppliers, the emphasis is strongest for those with high sales to fish farming. Another finding is that aquaculture firms’ innovation activities are relatively strong among firms providing services and input factors, particularly among suppliers with high sales to fish farming.","PeriodicalId":101308,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aquaculture","volume":" 16","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140999772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-25DOI: 10.3389/faquc.2024.1354029
Rubens Ricardo Oliveira-Neto, V. A. Mastrochirico-Filho, Inácio Mateus Assane, R. B. Ariede, Milena Vieira Freitas, J. F. Agudelo, Carolina H. S. Borges, Thaís Gornati Gonçalves, L. V. Lira, R. V. Reis Neto, Fabiana Pilarski, D. Hashimoto
Nile tilapia is the main farmed fish in Brazilian aquaculture. Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) is responsible for high mortality rates in fish farms. Genetic improvement is considered an effective alternative for producing resistant animals in aquaculture. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for resistance to GBS infection in a breeding population of Nile tilapia from Brazil, based on disease challenge using a circulating serotype (Ib and ST-NT). Furthermore, genetic correlations between resistance to GBS and average daily gain (ADG) were estimated to determine whether these traits can be included in selective breeding programs. Survival (SS) and time until death (TD) were the evaluated traits. The survival of the most resistant families was approximately 30%, indicating high phenotypic variation in resistance to the infection. Low to moderate heritability values for resistance traits in the Nile tilapia population were estimated, ranging from 0.14 to 0.27. Heritability for ADG was moderate to high (0.40) based on a growth trial involving 43 families (735 animals). Phenotypic correlations between the resistance traits (SS and TD) and ADG were positive and low, ranging from 0.09 to 0.18, whereas genetic correlations were close to zero. Phenotypic and genetic correlations between SS and TD were considered high and positive, ranging from 0.38 to 0.72. The results suggest that selection for resistance against GBS does not negatively affect juvenile weight gain in Nile tilapia.
{"title":"Resistance of juvenile Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus from Brazilian populations to Streptococcus agalactiae (serotype Ib and ST-NT)","authors":"Rubens Ricardo Oliveira-Neto, V. A. Mastrochirico-Filho, Inácio Mateus Assane, R. B. Ariede, Milena Vieira Freitas, J. F. Agudelo, Carolina H. S. Borges, Thaís Gornati Gonçalves, L. V. Lira, R. V. Reis Neto, Fabiana Pilarski, D. Hashimoto","doi":"10.3389/faquc.2024.1354029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/faquc.2024.1354029","url":null,"abstract":"Nile tilapia is the main farmed fish in Brazilian aquaculture. Streptococcus agalactiae (GBS) is responsible for high mortality rates in fish farms. Genetic improvement is considered an effective alternative for producing resistant animals in aquaculture. The objective of this study was to estimate genetic parameters for resistance to GBS infection in a breeding population of Nile tilapia from Brazil, based on disease challenge using a circulating serotype (Ib and ST-NT). Furthermore, genetic correlations between resistance to GBS and average daily gain (ADG) were estimated to determine whether these traits can be included in selective breeding programs. Survival (SS) and time until death (TD) were the evaluated traits. The survival of the most resistant families was approximately 30%, indicating high phenotypic variation in resistance to the infection. Low to moderate heritability values for resistance traits in the Nile tilapia population were estimated, ranging from 0.14 to 0.27. Heritability for ADG was moderate to high (0.40) based on a growth trial involving 43 families (735 animals). Phenotypic correlations between the resistance traits (SS and TD) and ADG were positive and low, ranging from 0.09 to 0.18, whereas genetic correlations were close to zero. Phenotypic and genetic correlations between SS and TD were considered high and positive, ranging from 0.38 to 0.72. The results suggest that selection for resistance against GBS does not negatively affect juvenile weight gain in Nile tilapia.","PeriodicalId":101308,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aquaculture","volume":"6 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140658880","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-04DOI: 10.3389/faquc.2024.1302100
L. Liverpool‐Tasie, A. Wineman, Mark Umunna Amadi, A. Gona, C. Emenekwe, Ming Fang, Olawale Olunuga, R. Onyeneke, S. Norbert, Taiwo Mayomi Adenike, Thomas Reardon, Ben Belton
Nigeria is Africa’s most populous country, third largest fish producer, and second largest aquaculture producer. There have been numerous studies of aquaculture and fisheries in Nigeria, but no study to date has analyzed aquaculture and capture fisheries value chains together, while giving equal weight to all value chain segments and systematically capturing information on temporal trends in value chain structure, conduct, and performance. This paper does so.We conducted a structured, qualitative, rapid reconnaissance survey of 180 actors from eight segments of the aquatic food value chain in three Nigerian states with contrasting geographies, Ebonyi, Kebbi, and Oyo.Results particularly important for future research and policy are as follows. (1) Partial vertical integration is a common feature of the organization of firms in all value chain segments, as a risk reduction strategy to overcome market imperfections and frictions. Scarcity and high cost of imported intermediate inputs is stimulating local innovation and import substitution manufacturing of feeds and fabricated items. (2) Inter-sectoral spillovers from the poultry industry have hastened the development of fish value chains, while improvements in power supply have enabled the expansion of cold storage capacity, facilitating the geographical lengthening of frozen fish value chains. (3) Rapid technological and/or institutional change is occurring in all value chain segments, including those usually viewed as traditional, such as processing and fishing. Logistics services are becoming more specialized and sophisticated, and digital communications technologies including social media play an increasingly important role in value chain coordination and marketing. (4) Increasing opportunity costs of time drive demand for convenience foods such as smoked and fried fish, which require little further preparation and can be stored at room temperature. Demand for farmed catfish is linked to growing consumption of food away from home at bars and restaurants. (5) Significant opportunities exist to improve the performance of value chains in terms of gender equity, environmental impacts, and food safety.
{"title":"Rapid transformation in aquatic food value chains in three Nigerian states","authors":"L. Liverpool‐Tasie, A. Wineman, Mark Umunna Amadi, A. Gona, C. Emenekwe, Ming Fang, Olawale Olunuga, R. Onyeneke, S. Norbert, Taiwo Mayomi Adenike, Thomas Reardon, Ben Belton","doi":"10.3389/faquc.2024.1302100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/faquc.2024.1302100","url":null,"abstract":"Nigeria is Africa’s most populous country, third largest fish producer, and second largest aquaculture producer. There have been numerous studies of aquaculture and fisheries in Nigeria, but no study to date has analyzed aquaculture and capture fisheries value chains together, while giving equal weight to all value chain segments and systematically capturing information on temporal trends in value chain structure, conduct, and performance. This paper does so.We conducted a structured, qualitative, rapid reconnaissance survey of 180 actors from eight segments of the aquatic food value chain in three Nigerian states with contrasting geographies, Ebonyi, Kebbi, and Oyo.Results particularly important for future research and policy are as follows. (1) Partial vertical integration is a common feature of the organization of firms in all value chain segments, as a risk reduction strategy to overcome market imperfections and frictions. Scarcity and high cost of imported intermediate inputs is stimulating local innovation and import substitution manufacturing of feeds and fabricated items. (2) Inter-sectoral spillovers from the poultry industry have hastened the development of fish value chains, while improvements in power supply have enabled the expansion of cold storage capacity, facilitating the geographical lengthening of frozen fish value chains. (3) Rapid technological and/or institutional change is occurring in all value chain segments, including those usually viewed as traditional, such as processing and fishing. Logistics services are becoming more specialized and sophisticated, and digital communications technologies including social media play an increasingly important role in value chain coordination and marketing. (4) Increasing opportunity costs of time drive demand for convenience foods such as smoked and fried fish, which require little further preparation and can be stored at room temperature. Demand for farmed catfish is linked to growing consumption of food away from home at bars and restaurants. (5) Significant opportunities exist to improve the performance of value chains in terms of gender equity, environmental impacts, and food safety.","PeriodicalId":101308,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aquaculture","volume":"2 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140745088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-19DOI: 10.3389/faquc.2024.1383280
Koen van Pelt, Max Carpendale, Ren Ryba
In many countries, increasing concern for animal welfare is driving retailer commitments and government legislation that aim to improve the lives of farmed fish. One aspect of fish welfare involves stunning fish prior to slaughter. The feasibility of stunning depends on the species of fish and physical farm characteristics. In this article, we provide an overview of stunning before slaughter in European sea bass and sea bream aquaculture, one of the largest finfish farming industries in the developed world that does not yet stun most of its production. Sea bass and sea bream stunning necessitates the use of electrical stunning equipment aboard harvest vessels, often a significant distance from the shoreline; this presents an interesting engineering and policy challenge. Together, Türkiye, Greece, Spain, and Italy produced over 400,000 t of sea bass and sea bream in 2020. In Türkiye and Greece, farms are numerous and located very close to the shoreline. In Spain and Italy, farms are few and located far from the shoreline. The highest average production is found in farms from Türkiye (1,000 t) and Spain (1,300 t, and lower average production is found in Greece (300 t) and Italy (350 t). Producer progress towards the installation of electrical stunning appears comparatively well-developed for Türkiye, Spain, and Greece, though we emphasise that producers and other stakeholders require continued support to realise this opportunity. Producers in Italy appear slower to make progress on this aspect of animal welfare and may require additional support.
{"title":"Humane slaughter in Mediterranean sea bass and bream aquaculture: farm characteristics, stakeholder views, and policy implications","authors":"Koen van Pelt, Max Carpendale, Ren Ryba","doi":"10.3389/faquc.2024.1383280","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/faquc.2024.1383280","url":null,"abstract":"In many countries, increasing concern for animal welfare is driving retailer commitments and government legislation that aim to improve the lives of farmed fish. One aspect of fish welfare involves stunning fish prior to slaughter. The feasibility of stunning depends on the species of fish and physical farm characteristics. In this article, we provide an overview of stunning before slaughter in European sea bass and sea bream aquaculture, one of the largest finfish farming industries in the developed world that does not yet stun most of its production. Sea bass and sea bream stunning necessitates the use of electrical stunning equipment aboard harvest vessels, often a significant distance from the shoreline; this presents an interesting engineering and policy challenge. Together, Türkiye, Greece, Spain, and Italy produced over 400,000 t of sea bass and sea bream in 2020. In Türkiye and Greece, farms are numerous and located very close to the shoreline. In Spain and Italy, farms are few and located far from the shoreline. The highest average production is found in farms from Türkiye (1,000 t) and Spain (1,300 t, and lower average production is found in Greece (300 t) and Italy (350 t). Producer progress towards the installation of electrical stunning appears comparatively well-developed for Türkiye, Spain, and Greece, though we emphasise that producers and other stakeholders require continued support to realise this opportunity. Producers in Italy appear slower to make progress on this aspect of animal welfare and may require additional support.","PeriodicalId":101308,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aquaculture","volume":"26 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140230217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The carbon sink of cultivation shellfish in coastal wetlands is characterized as both highly ecological and economic value, thus making great contributions to achieving carbon neutrality. In this study, the main species of cultured shellfish (Ruditapes philippinarum, Meretrix meretrix, Sinonovacula constricta, Scapharca suberenata, and Grassostrea gigas) were selected as the research objects in the coastal wetland of the Yalu River Estuary to measure shellfish yields and carbon contents. Combined with the data from the cultured shellfish of fishery statistics of Donggang city, Dandong, Liaoning Province, China, the carbon sequestration capacity was calculated, and the carbon sink values of cultured shellfish also evaluated on the base of the diverse shellfish carbon sequestration ratios. The carbon sink conversion ratio of cultivation shellfish decreased in the following order: S. suberenata, R. philippinarum, G. gigas, S. constricta, and M. meretrix. The total carbon sequestration of cultured shellfish in the Yalu River Estuary Coastal Wetland from 2015 to 2019 was approximately 110,500 tC. The yield and the carbon sequestration quantity of R. philippinarum accounted for 76.60~83.30% of the total yield and 79.07~85.41% of the total carbon sequestration quantity. The value of the carbon sink was approximately 63,710,600 yuan. Among the species of cultured shellfish, R. philippinarum was the largest contributor to the carbon sink value. Based on Tapio’s decoupling model, R. philippinarum has the most ideal state of decoupling between carbon sink and economic growth of cultured shellfish, followed by M. meretrix and S. suberenata. Our results illustrate that the development of coastal wetland shellfish aquaculture has a positive contribution to reducing carbon emissions and increasing carbon sinks.
{"title":"Assessment of carbon sink capacity and its value accounting for a farmed shellfish in the coastal wetland of the Yalu River Estuary","authors":"Yanju Hao, Zhenjiang Tan, Yueyin Cai, Shengkang Liang, Guangshuai Zhang, Quangming Wang, Qing Li","doi":"10.3389/faquc.2024.1355741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/faquc.2024.1355741","url":null,"abstract":"The carbon sink of cultivation shellfish in coastal wetlands is characterized as both highly ecological and economic value, thus making great contributions to achieving carbon neutrality. In this study, the main species of cultured shellfish (Ruditapes philippinarum, Meretrix meretrix, Sinonovacula constricta, Scapharca suberenata, and Grassostrea gigas) were selected as the research objects in the coastal wetland of the Yalu River Estuary to measure shellfish yields and carbon contents. Combined with the data from the cultured shellfish of fishery statistics of Donggang city, Dandong, Liaoning Province, China, the carbon sequestration capacity was calculated, and the carbon sink values of cultured shellfish also evaluated on the base of the diverse shellfish carbon sequestration ratios. The carbon sink conversion ratio of cultivation shellfish decreased in the following order: S. suberenata, R. philippinarum, G. gigas, S. constricta, and M. meretrix. The total carbon sequestration of cultured shellfish in the Yalu River Estuary Coastal Wetland from 2015 to 2019 was approximately 110,500 tC. The yield and the carbon sequestration quantity of R. philippinarum accounted for 76.60~83.30% of the total yield and 79.07~85.41% of the total carbon sequestration quantity. The value of the carbon sink was approximately 63,710,600 yuan. Among the species of cultured shellfish, R. philippinarum was the largest contributor to the carbon sink value. Based on Tapio’s decoupling model, R. philippinarum has the most ideal state of decoupling between carbon sink and economic growth of cultured shellfish, followed by M. meretrix and S. suberenata. Our results illustrate that the development of coastal wetland shellfish aquaculture has a positive contribution to reducing carbon emissions and increasing carbon sinks.","PeriodicalId":101308,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aquaculture","volume":"134 7‐8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140228563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-03-18DOI: 10.3389/faquc.2024.1289423
O. A. Torres-Meza, E. Godoy-Lozano, Oscar Rico-Chávez, E. Loza-Rubio, G. García-Espinosa
The common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a species that has been used worldwide as a source of protein for humans because of its adaptive capacity to the environment; however, it is also an invasive species. In Mexico, it was introduced to provide an easily accessible source of protein to people in rural areas until its extensive nationwide distribution. The community of viruses in these fish is not completely known. Massive sequencing, i.e., whole metagenome shotgun (WMS) sequencing, and bioinformatic analysis were used to describe the viral community of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) living in a natural preserved wetland. Through sequencer Illumina NextSeq 500/550 we got 484,953,684 sequences from ten samples of fecal content of carp (5 samples to DNA and 5 samples to RNA). The virome comprised 30 viral families (13 DNA families and 17 RNA families), among which viruses related to vertebrates stood out, for example Orthoherpesviridae, Parvoviridae, Astroviridae, Poxviridae, Hantaviridae and Picornaviridae.The most abundant viral taxa corresponded to bacteriophages, most of which are of polyphyletic origin. The results of this work contribute to the knowledge of the different viral taxa found in the common carp in the wild and indicate that these viral taxa may play a role in health and productivity of fish farms.
{"title":"Description of the viral community in fecal content of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) living in a naturally preserved wetland on Mexican plateau","authors":"O. A. Torres-Meza, E. Godoy-Lozano, Oscar Rico-Chávez, E. Loza-Rubio, G. García-Espinosa","doi":"10.3389/faquc.2024.1289423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3389/faquc.2024.1289423","url":null,"abstract":"The common carp (Cyprinus carpio) is a species that has been used worldwide as a source of protein for humans because of its adaptive capacity to the environment; however, it is also an invasive species. In Mexico, it was introduced to provide an easily accessible source of protein to people in rural areas until its extensive nationwide distribution. The community of viruses in these fish is not completely known. Massive sequencing, i.e., whole metagenome shotgun (WMS) sequencing, and bioinformatic analysis were used to describe the viral community of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) living in a natural preserved wetland. Through sequencer Illumina NextSeq 500/550 we got 484,953,684 sequences from ten samples of fecal content of carp (5 samples to DNA and 5 samples to RNA). The virome comprised 30 viral families (13 DNA families and 17 RNA families), among which viruses related to vertebrates stood out, for example Orthoherpesviridae, Parvoviridae, Astroviridae, Poxviridae, Hantaviridae and Picornaviridae.The most abundant viral taxa corresponded to bacteriophages, most of which are of polyphyletic origin. The results of this work contribute to the knowledge of the different viral taxa found in the common carp in the wild and indicate that these viral taxa may play a role in health and productivity of fish farms.","PeriodicalId":101308,"journal":{"name":"Frontiers in aquaculture","volume":"44 12","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140234335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：