使用空间句法方法提高槟城乔治市历史名城的行人可达性和安全性

Mo Fan, Massoomeh Hedayati Marzbali, Aldrin Abdullah, M. J. Maghsoodi Tilaki
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摘要

当代城市发展非常重视步行环境,尤其是像乔治市这样的历史名城,它是马来西亚的联合国教科文组织世界遗产。虽然调查问卷有效地收集了公众对乔治城道路连接不畅、交通不便、犯罪和安全问题的看法,但却无法全面了解问题的根源。本研究利用空间句法理论对乔治城独特的步行景观进行建模和分析,旨在找出改善历史城市景观中步行网络的策略。空间句法理论以揭示城市环境中的结构性问题而著称,本研究在对乔治城的城市布局、气候、建筑特色和发展政策进行全面考察后采用了这一理论。乔治城采用了英国殖民时期港口城市广泛使用的非正式网格布局,以提高整体效率。店屋是主要的建筑形式,其特点是地面层专为行人活动而设计,被称为 "五英尺路",适应马来西亚的气候。我们考虑了不同情况下独特的五尺道的各种轴线绘制方法。乔治城特别区域规划(SAP)强调遗产保护,为发展政策提供指导,因此要求对步行环境采取包容性的方法。这增强了当前研究的实际意义,东部和北部沿海地区成为调查的关键焦点。这种方法产生了一个全面的空间模型,抓住了乔治城步行景观的本质。利用空间综合指标(如连通性、整合性、易懂性和选择性)进行的评估揭示了一些问题,如整体网络连通性差、通往主要景点的通道不足、整合性欠佳、人流集中以及严重的安全问题,而某些双向道路上有限的基础设施和斑马线的缺乏又加剧了这些问题。这项研究的实际意义包括建议加强指定道路沿线的行人空间,并战略性地安装斑马线。这项研究的重要意义在于,它以东南亚发展中国家的一座历史名城为研究对象,深入结合了当地的环境特点,为城市规划和优化提供了启示,从而为类似城市提供了参考。
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Using a Space Syntax Approach to Enhance Pedestrians’ Accessibility and Safety in the Historic City of George Town, Penang
Contemporary urban development places a critical emphasis on pedestrian environments, especially in historic cities like George Town, which is a UNESCO World Heritage Site in Malaysia. Although survey questionnaires effectively captured public perceptions of issues such as poor road connectivity, weak accessibility, crime and safety concerns in George Town, they fell short in providing a comprehensive understanding of the root causes. This study leverages space syntax theory to model and analyze George Town’s unique pedestrian landscape, aiming to identify strategies for improving pedestrian networks in historical urban landscapes. Space syntax theory, known for revealing structural issues within urban contexts, is applied after a thorough examination of George Town’s urban layout, climate, architectural features, and development policies. George Town employs an informal grid layout widely utilized in British colonial port cities to enhance overall efficiency. The predominant architectural form is the shophouse, which is characterized by a ground level designed for pedestrian movement known as the “five-foot way” and adapted to Malaysia’s climate. Various axis drawing methods for the unique five-foot way under different circumstances are considered. The George Town special area plan (SAP) emphasizing heritage preservation guides development policies, thus requiring an inclusive approach to pedestrian environments. This enhances the practical significance of the current study, with the eastern and northern coastal areas serving as crucial focal points for investigation. This approach results in a comprehensive spatial model that captures the essence of George Town’s pedestrian landscape. Evaluation using space syntax indicators such as connectivity, integration, intelligibility, and choice reveals issues like poor overall network connectivity, inadequate access to key attractions, suboptimal integration, concentrated pedestrian flows, and significant safety concerns, which are exacerbated by limited infrastructure on certain two-way roads and a lack of zebra crossings. The practical implications of this study include recommendations for enhancing pedestrian spaces along identified roads and strategically installing zebra-crossings. This research is significant for its focus on a historical city in a Southeast Asian developing country, deeply integrating local environmental characteristics and providing insights into urban planning and optimization, thereby serving as a reference for similar cities.
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