Lessonia trabeculata(层藻纲;真藻目)叶绿体部分金属积累模式的变化:对生物监测的影响

C. A. Saez, M. G. Lobos, E. C. Macaya, D. Oliva, W. Quiroz, M. T. Brown
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摘要

众所周知,海藻能浓缩海水中的金属,并被用作沿海水域和河口金属污染的监测器。然而,研究表明,各种内在和外在因素都会影响金属的积累,这就使人们对在生物监测计划中使用海藻的依据产生了怀疑。层藻纲(海带)褐色海藻的苔藓在形态上非常复杂,但有关不同部分之间金属积累变化的信息却很有限,如果不在生物监测方案中加以考虑,可能会得出错误的结论。为了评估个别金属在不同部分(叶片、柄、固着层)中的分布模式,测量了海带 Lessonia trabeculata 中各种必需和非必需金属(铁、铬、铜、锌、锰、铅、镉、镍和铝)的浓度。海藻是从三个取样站收集的,分别位于智利 Ventanas 附近一个非法排污口 5 米、30 米和 60 米处,以及 Faro Curaumilla 的一个主要地点。大多数金属在底层沉积物和海藻样本中的最高浓度都出现在距离排污口最近的位置,浓度随着距离排污口和控制站的距离而降低;但镉除外,其浓度在控制站较高。不同部位的金属浓度模式具有金属特异性,且与采样站无关。这些结果和现有文献表明,利用海藻对金属进行生物监测时,必须考虑到金属在复杂海藻 苔藓部分积累的差异。
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Variation in Patterns of Metal Accumulation in Thallus Parts of Lessonia trabeculata (Laminariales; Phaeophyceae): Implications for Biomonitoring
Seaweeds are well known to concentrate metals from seawater and have been employed as monitors of metal pollution in coastal waters and estuaries. However, research showing that various intrinsic and extrinsic factors can influence metal accumulation, raises doubts about the basis for using seaweeds in biomonitoring programmes. The thallus of brown seaweeds of the order Laminariales (kelps) is morphologically complex but there is limited information about the variation in metal accumulation between the different parts, which might result in erroneous conclusions being drawn if not accounted for in the biomonitoring protocol. To assess patterns of individual metals in the differentiated parts of the thallus (blade, stipe, holdfast), concentrations of a wide range of essential and non-essential metals (Fe, Cr, Cu, Zn, Mn, Pb, Cd, Ni and Al) were measured in the kelp Lessonia trabeculata. Seaweeds were collected from three sampling stations located at 5, 30 and 60 m from an illegal sewage outfall close to Ventanas, Chile and from a pristine location at Faro Curaumilla. For the majority of metals the highest concentrations in bottom sediment and seaweed samples were found at the site closest to the outfall, with concentrations decreasing with distance from the outfall and at control stations; the exception was Cd, concentrations of which were higher at control stations. The patterns of metal concentrations in different thallus parts were metal specific and independent of sampling station. These results and the available literature suggest that biomonitoring of metals using seaweeds must take account of differences in the accumulation of metals in thallus parts of complex seaweeds
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