{"title":"2022 年 2 月 3-4 日小地磁风暴期间北京上空热层温度和中性密度的昼间变化","authors":"Shaoyang Li, Zhipeng Ren, Tingting Yu, Guangming Chen, Guozhu Li, Biqiang Zhao, Xinan Yue, Yong Wei","doi":"10.1029/2023sw003677","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"On 3 February 2022, 38 satellites launched by SpaceX re-entered the atmosphere and were subsequently destroyed. An investigation found that a minor geomagnetic storm occurred on 3–4 February 2022 led to a neutral density enhancement and large atmospheric drag. To better understand the responses of the thermosphere to geomagnetic storms, the method proposed by Li et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ja030988) was employed to extract exospheric temperature (Tex) from ionosonde electron density profiles (∼150–200 km) in Beijing (geolocation: 39.56°N; 116.2°E; geomagnetic location: 30.16°N; 172.08°W) station. The retrieved Tex was plugged into the NRLMSISE-00 model to calculate the corresponding neutral density. Derived results showed a ∼2%–7% enhancement in Tex and a ∼15%–38% enhancement in neutral density at 430 km. The relative deviation in neutral density on the satellites’ orbital trajectory ranges from ∼10% (210 km) to ∼35% (500 km) on 3 February, and from ∼13% (210 km) to ∼60% (500 km) on 4 February. Furthermore, the neutral density reproduced the variations observed by the SWARM-C satellite fairly well both on quiet and disturbed days. These results suggest that even a minor geomagnetic storm can cause significant changes in neutral temperature and neutral density at middle latitudes. Additionally, the application of our inversion method, combined with the global, long-term and real-time ionospheric observations from ionosondes, provides an opportunity to improve the capability of thermosphere forecasting and nowcasting.","PeriodicalId":22181,"journal":{"name":"Space Weather","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.7000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"The Daytime Variations of Thermospheric Temperature and Neutral Density Over Beijing During Minor Geomagnetic Storm on 3–4 February 2022\",\"authors\":\"Shaoyang Li, Zhipeng Ren, Tingting Yu, Guangming Chen, Guozhu Li, Biqiang Zhao, Xinan Yue, Yong Wei\",\"doi\":\"10.1029/2023sw003677\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"On 3 February 2022, 38 satellites launched by SpaceX re-entered the atmosphere and were subsequently destroyed. An investigation found that a minor geomagnetic storm occurred on 3–4 February 2022 led to a neutral density enhancement and large atmospheric drag. To better understand the responses of the thermosphere to geomagnetic storms, the method proposed by Li et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ja030988) was employed to extract exospheric temperature (Tex) from ionosonde electron density profiles (∼150–200 km) in Beijing (geolocation: 39.56°N; 116.2°E; geomagnetic location: 30.16°N; 172.08°W) station. The retrieved Tex was plugged into the NRLMSISE-00 model to calculate the corresponding neutral density. Derived results showed a ∼2%–7% enhancement in Tex and a ∼15%–38% enhancement in neutral density at 430 km. The relative deviation in neutral density on the satellites’ orbital trajectory ranges from ∼10% (210 km) to ∼35% (500 km) on 3 February, and from ∼13% (210 km) to ∼60% (500 km) on 4 February. Furthermore, the neutral density reproduced the variations observed by the SWARM-C satellite fairly well both on quiet and disturbed days. These results suggest that even a minor geomagnetic storm can cause significant changes in neutral temperature and neutral density at middle latitudes. Additionally, the application of our inversion method, combined with the global, long-term and real-time ionospheric observations from ionosondes, provides an opportunity to improve the capability of thermosphere forecasting and nowcasting.\",\"PeriodicalId\":22181,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Space Weather\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":3.7000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-01-30\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Space Weather\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"89\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023sw003677\",\"RegionNum\":2,\"RegionCategory\":\"地球科学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Space Weather","FirstCategoryId":"89","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023sw003677","RegionNum":2,"RegionCategory":"地球科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
The Daytime Variations of Thermospheric Temperature and Neutral Density Over Beijing During Minor Geomagnetic Storm on 3–4 February 2022
On 3 February 2022, 38 satellites launched by SpaceX re-entered the atmosphere and were subsequently destroyed. An investigation found that a minor geomagnetic storm occurred on 3–4 February 2022 led to a neutral density enhancement and large atmospheric drag. To better understand the responses of the thermosphere to geomagnetic storms, the method proposed by Li et al. (2023, https://doi.org/10.1029/2022ja030988) was employed to extract exospheric temperature (Tex) from ionosonde electron density profiles (∼150–200 km) in Beijing (geolocation: 39.56°N; 116.2°E; geomagnetic location: 30.16°N; 172.08°W) station. The retrieved Tex was plugged into the NRLMSISE-00 model to calculate the corresponding neutral density. Derived results showed a ∼2%–7% enhancement in Tex and a ∼15%–38% enhancement in neutral density at 430 km. The relative deviation in neutral density on the satellites’ orbital trajectory ranges from ∼10% (210 km) to ∼35% (500 km) on 3 February, and from ∼13% (210 km) to ∼60% (500 km) on 4 February. Furthermore, the neutral density reproduced the variations observed by the SWARM-C satellite fairly well both on quiet and disturbed days. These results suggest that even a minor geomagnetic storm can cause significant changes in neutral temperature and neutral density at middle latitudes. Additionally, the application of our inversion method, combined with the global, long-term and real-time ionospheric observations from ionosondes, provides an opportunity to improve the capability of thermosphere forecasting and nowcasting.