Hao Lin, Dongyu Li, Jingtan Zhu, Shaojun Liu, Jingting Li, Tingting Yu, Valery V Tuchin, Oxana Semyachkina-Glushkovskaya, Dan Zhu
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Transcranial photobiomodulation for brain diseases: review of animal and human studies including mechanisms and emerging trends.
The brain diseases account for 30% of all known diseases. Pharmacological treatment is hampered by the blood-brain barrier, limiting drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS). Transcranial photobiomodulation (tPBM) is a promising technology for treating brain diseases, due to its effectiveness, non-invasiveness, and affordability. tPBM has been widely used in pre-clinical experiments and clinical trials for treating brain diseases, such as stroke and Alzheimer's disease. This review provides a comprehensive overview of tPBM. We summarize emerging trends and new discoveries in tPBM based on over one hundred references published in the past 20 years. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of tPBM and highlight successful experimental and clinical protocols for treating various brain diseases. A better understanding of tPBM mechanisms, the development of guidelines for clinical practice, and the study of dose-dependent and personal effects hold great promise for progress in treating brain diseases.
期刊介绍：
At the interface of optics and neuroscience, Neurophotonics is a peer-reviewed journal that covers advances in optical technology applicable to study of the brain and their impact on the basic and clinical neuroscience applications.
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