{"title":"唾液腺与病毒发病机制","authors":"N Atyeo, J O Maldonado, B M Warner, J A Chiorini","doi":"10.1177/00220345231222871","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The oral cavity is an epidemiologically relevant route of viral transmission due to the shedding of viruses in saliva. With advancements in salivary diagnostics, an increasing number of viruses have been detected. However, the anatomic source of virus in saliva is still largely unknown. Some viruses have a well-established tropism for the salivary glands (SGs), and recent studies have emphasized the importance of the glands as potential reservoirs for infectious viruses. Viral infections of the SGs have been linked to acute and chronic SG pathology and may be associated with SG dysfunction, with phenotypes similar to those seen in SjÖgren's disease (SjD), an autoimmune condition that affects the salivary and lacrimal glands. Understanding the breadth of viruses that infect the SG and the conserved or distinct host responses to these infections may provide insights into the pathogenesis of virus-mediated SG diseases. There is a need for further research to fully understand the molecular mechanisms by which viruses enter and replicate in the glands, their physiologic impact on SG function, and whether the SGs can serve as a long-term reservoir for infectious viral particles. The purpose of this review is to highlight a group of viruses that infect the salivary gland: hepatitis C virus, hepatitis D virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, enteric viruses, human T-cell leukemia virus type I, human immunodeficiency virus, human cytomegalovirus, and BK polyomavirus. We focus on the effects of viral infection on salivary gland (SG) inflammation, function, and its association with SjD.</p>","PeriodicalId":94075,"journal":{"name":"Journal of dental research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10985391/pdf/","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Salivary Glands and Viral Pathogenesis.\",\"authors\":\"N Atyeo, J O Maldonado, B M Warner, J A Chiorini\",\"doi\":\"10.1177/00220345231222871\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>The oral cavity is an epidemiologically relevant route of viral transmission due to the shedding of viruses in saliva. With advancements in salivary diagnostics, an increasing number of viruses have been detected. However, the anatomic source of virus in saliva is still largely unknown. Some viruses have a well-established tropism for the salivary glands (SGs), and recent studies have emphasized the importance of the glands as potential reservoirs for infectious viruses. Viral infections of the SGs have been linked to acute and chronic SG pathology and may be associated with SG dysfunction, with phenotypes similar to those seen in SjÖgren's disease (SjD), an autoimmune condition that affects the salivary and lacrimal glands. Understanding the breadth of viruses that infect the SG and the conserved or distinct host responses to these infections may provide insights into the pathogenesis of virus-mediated SG diseases. There is a need for further research to fully understand the molecular mechanisms by which viruses enter and replicate in the glands, their physiologic impact on SG function, and whether the SGs can serve as a long-term reservoir for infectious viral particles. The purpose of this review is to highlight a group of viruses that infect the salivary gland: hepatitis C virus, hepatitis D virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, enteric viruses, human T-cell leukemia virus type I, human immunodeficiency virus, human cytomegalovirus, and BK polyomavirus. We focus on the effects of viral infection on salivary gland (SG) inflammation, function, and its association with SjD.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":94075,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of dental research\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":0.0000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-03-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10985391/pdf/\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of dental research\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"1085\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345231222871\",\"RegionNum\":0,\"RegionCategory\":null,\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2024/2/12 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"\",\"JCRName\":\"\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of dental research","FirstCategoryId":"1085","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345231222871","RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":null,"ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/2/12 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"","JCRName":"","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
由于病毒会在唾液中脱落,因此口腔是一个与流行病学相关的病毒传播途径。随着唾液诊断技术的进步,越来越多的病毒被检测出来。然而,唾液中病毒的解剖学来源在很大程度上仍然是未知的。有些病毒对唾液腺(SG)有明显的滋养作用,最近的研究强调了唾液腺作为潜在的传染性病毒库的重要性。唾液腺的病毒感染与唾液腺的急性和慢性病变有关,并可能与唾液腺功能障碍有关,其表型与影响唾液腺和泪腺的自身免疫性疾病--斯约格伦病(SjÖgren's disease,SjD)相似。了解感染唾液腺的病毒的种类以及宿主对这些感染的反应是一致的还是不同的,有助于深入了解病毒介导的唾液腺疾病的发病机制。我们需要进一步研究,以充分了解病毒进入睑板腺并在睑板腺中复制的分子机制、病毒对睑板腺功能的生理影响以及睑板腺是否可作为传染性病毒颗粒的长期储存库。本综述的目的是重点介绍感染唾液腺的一组病毒:丙型肝炎病毒、丁型肝炎病毒、严重急性呼吸系统综合征冠状病毒 2、肠道病毒、人类 T 细胞白血病病毒 I 型、人类免疫缺陷病毒、人类巨细胞病毒和 BK 多瘤病毒。我们重点研究病毒感染对唾液腺(SG)炎症、功能的影响及其与 SjD 的关联。
The oral cavity is an epidemiologically relevant route of viral transmission due to the shedding of viruses in saliva. With advancements in salivary diagnostics, an increasing number of viruses have been detected. However, the anatomic source of virus in saliva is still largely unknown. Some viruses have a well-established tropism for the salivary glands (SGs), and recent studies have emphasized the importance of the glands as potential reservoirs for infectious viruses. Viral infections of the SGs have been linked to acute and chronic SG pathology and may be associated with SG dysfunction, with phenotypes similar to those seen in SjÖgren's disease (SjD), an autoimmune condition that affects the salivary and lacrimal glands. Understanding the breadth of viruses that infect the SG and the conserved or distinct host responses to these infections may provide insights into the pathogenesis of virus-mediated SG diseases. There is a need for further research to fully understand the molecular mechanisms by which viruses enter and replicate in the glands, their physiologic impact on SG function, and whether the SGs can serve as a long-term reservoir for infectious viral particles. The purpose of this review is to highlight a group of viruses that infect the salivary gland: hepatitis C virus, hepatitis D virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, enteric viruses, human T-cell leukemia virus type I, human immunodeficiency virus, human cytomegalovirus, and BK polyomavirus. We focus on the effects of viral infection on salivary gland (SG) inflammation, function, and its association with SjD.