Mahmoud A Hashim, Asma Arshia, Shafi Rehman, Ashish Chandra
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Background: Urine cytopathology is a cost-effective method to diagnose and follow patients with high-grade urothelial carcinoma (UC). However, some benign, reactive, and metaplastic changes may mimic UC and pose a diagnostic challenge for cytopathologists.
Summary: Our comprehensive review focuses on summarizing common pitfalls encountered in urine cytopathology, based on the 2nd edition of The Paris System (TPS) for reporting urinary tract cytopathology and other recent published literature. These pitfalls include urothelial tissue fragments, degenerative changes, treatment effects, viral cytopathic changes, iatrogenic and metaplastic changes. Our aim was to provide a clear understanding of these mimics in order to avoid diagnostic errors.
Key message: It is crucial for cytopathologists to recognize benign, reactive, or metaplastic lesions that sometimes resemble UC. An awareness of these cytological changes is essential to make an accurate diagnosis.
期刊介绍：
With articles offering an excellent balance between clinical cytology and cytopathology, ''Acta Cytologica'' fosters the understanding of the pathogenetic mechanisms behind cytomorphology and thus facilitates the translation of frontline research into clinical practice. As the official journal of the International Academy of Cytology and affiliated to over 50 national cytology societies around the world, ''Acta Cytologica'' evaluates new and existing diagnostic applications of scientific advances as well as their clinical correlations. Original papers, review articles, meta-analyses, novel insights from clinical practice, and letters to the editor cover topics from diagnostic cytopathology, gynecologic and non-gynecologic cytopathology to fine needle aspiration, molecular techniques and their diagnostic applications. As the perfect reference for practical use, ''Acta Cytologica'' addresses a multidisciplinary audience practicing clinical cytopathology, cell biology, oncology, interventional radiology, otorhinolaryngology, gastroenterology, urology, pulmonology and preventive medicine.
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