Phase field crystal models with applications to laser deposition: A review.

In this article, we address the application of phase field crystal (PFC) theory, a hybrid atomistic-continuum approach, for modeling nanostructure kinetics encountered in laser deposition. We first provide an overview of the PFC methodology, highlighting recent advances to incorporate phononic and heat transport mechanisms. To simulate laser heating, energy is deposited onto a number of polycrystalline, two-dimensional samples through the application of initial stochastic fluctuations. We first demonstrate the ability of the model to simulate plasticity and recrystallization events that follow laser heating in the isothermal limit. Importantly, we also show that sufficient kinetic energy can cause voiding, which serves to suppress shock propagation. We subsequently employ a newly developed thermo-density PFC theory, coined thermal field crystal (TFC), to investigate laser heating of polycrystalline samples under non-isothermal conditions. We observe that the latent heat of transition associated with ordering can lead to long lasting metastable structures and defects, with a healing rate linked to the thermal diffusion. Finally, we illustrate that the lattice temperature simulated by the TFC model is in qualitative agreement with predictions of conventional electron-phonon two-temperature models. We expect that our new TFC formalism can be useful for predicting transient structures that result from rapid laser heating and re-solidification processes.