雇佣关系碎片化、工作时间碎片化:平台外卖骑手的工作和就业性质及其对中国体面工作的影响

IF 3.9 3区 管理学 Q1 INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS & LABOR Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources Pub Date : 2024-02-17 DOI:10.1111/1744-7941.12398
Xiliang Feng, Fang Lee Cooke, Chenhui Zhao
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引用次数: 0

摘要

本文批判性地研究了中国平台外卖骑手工作时间灵活性的概念及其对他们的影响。通过对平台外卖配送公司经理和外卖骑手的 25 次访谈以及二手数据,研究发现平台外卖配送公司及其代理公司所采用的管理模式往往通过设计骑手的收入体系、地位等级和各种激励计划来鼓励骑手延长工作时间。在利益驱动下,外卖配送平台公司追求速度,对顾客差评进行严厉惩罚。激烈的竞争以及平台公司咄咄逼人的定价和委托行为,意味着外卖骑手的报酬被严格压缩,没有补贴,没有加班费,奖金的发放规定也让他们越来越难赚到钱。工作时间过长、强度过大是骑手增加收入的唯一途径,这表明以骑手为导向的工作时间灵活性几乎不存在。我们提出了 "碎片化雇佣关系 "和 "碎片化工作时间 "的概念,以构思中国外卖配送背景下的工作时间灵活性。我们强调,在研究这种做法时,有必要审查弹性工作时间的质量。我们呼吁国家采取干预措施,为外卖骑手提供比目前更高水平的社会保障,以推进作为可持续发展目标一部分的体面工作议程。
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Fragmentation of employment relationships, fragmentation of working time: the nature of work and employment of platform takeaway riders and implications for decent work in China

This paper critically examines the notion of working time flexibility of platform takeaway riders and its impact on them in China. Drawing on 25 interviews with platform and takeaway delivery company managers and takeaway riders as well as secondary data, the study finds that the management model adopted by the platform companies and their agency companies often encourages riders to extend their working hours by being designed into the rider's earning system, status level and various incentive schemes. Driven by profits, takeaway delivery platform companies pursue speed and impose harsh punishments for poor customer reviews. Severe competition and the platforms' aggressive pricing and commissioning practices mean that takeaway riders' remuneration is tightly squeezed, with no subsidies or overtime payment, and with rules for bonuses that make it increasingly difficult to earn. Working excessively long and intense hours is the only way that riders can increase their income, which suggests that rider-oriented working time flexibility is virtually non-existent. We propose the notion of fragmented employment relationships and fragmented working time to conceptualise working time flexibility in the takeaway delivery context in China. We accentuate the need to examine the quality of working time flexibility when examining this practice. We call for state interventions to provide a greater level of social protection than the takeaway riders are currently experiencing to advance the decent work agenda as part of the Sustainable Development Goals.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
7.20
自引率
9.40%
发文量
40
期刊介绍: The Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources adheres to a rigorous double-blind reviewing policy in which the identity of both the reviewer and author are always concealed from both parties. Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources is an applied, peer-reviewed journal which aims to communicate the development and practice of the field of human resources within the Asia Pacific region. The journal publishes the results of research, theoretical and conceptual developments, and examples of current practice. The overall aim is to increase the understanding of the management of human resource in an organisational setting.
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