利用地球物理方法对第四纪河北平原进行地层划分

IF 1 4区 地球科学 Q4 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Geosciences Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-16 DOI:10.1007/s12303-023-0042-5
Peng Dai, Kongyou Wu, Shengdong Wang, Sicong Zheng, Tianshe Cheng, Xiaohong Deng
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引用次数: 0

摘要

河北平原是典型的深厚覆盖区,第四纪松散沉积厚度超过 200 米。以往的研究尝试了多种地层划分方法,但缺乏地球物理方法的有效结合。根据岩层分析和年代测试,结合地球物理测井资料、浅层地震反射和古地磁测年,将河北平原深部覆盖区第四纪地层划分为下更新统、中更新统、上更新统和全新统。本文通过对 QHJ02 第四纪钻孔岩心的观察,重点将其松散沉积物按岩性、沉积颜色、沉积组合和沉积环境划分为 8 个岩性段。根据 QHJ02 号钻孔古地磁样品的古地磁倾角划分地磁极性带。古地磁测试结果表明,0-101.3 米区间为布鲁内斯正极性年代带,101.3-219.5 米区间为松山反极性年代带,219.5-350 米区间为高斯正极性年代带。地球物理测井曲线的振幅与 QHJ02 井眼的岩性有很好的对应关系。通过伽马射线、电阻率、磁化率等测井曲线的突变异常位置,可以确定岩性的变化,从而分析沉积环境组合,确定地层边界。根据古地磁、浅层地震反射和地球物理测井方法的组合,可以确定第四纪和中更新世的底界分别为 219.5 米和 101.3 米。结合地球物理测井、岩石地层评估、加速器质谱 14C 测年和光学激发发光(OSL)等方法,确定上更新世底部和全新世下限分别为 45.4 米和 21.4 米。本研究在综合分析岩层特征和测井曲线的基础上,研究了 QHJ02 井孔在不同时代的古环境特征。上新元古代的特征是分支河道和河漫滩,局部出现冲积扇、崩塌扇和河道间低地。早更新世期间,以分支河道和河道间低地为主,局部地区为河流泛滥平原。在中更新世,主要的古环境是分支河道和河漫滩交替出现。在晚更新世,分支河道和河道间低地十分普遍。全新世则出现了天然堤坝和河流冲积平原相结合的环境。这些发现加深了我们对河北平原地质演变和古环境变化的理解。
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Stratigraphic classification of the Quaternary North Hebei Plain using geophysical methods

The North Hebei Plain is a typical example of a deep-covered area, with a thickness of more than 200 m Quaternary loose sediments. Previous studies have tried various stratigraphic classification methods but lack an effective combination of geophysical methods. Based on the analysis of rock strata and dating tests, combined with geophysical well-logging data, shallow seismic reflection, and paleomagnetic dating, the Quaternary strata of the deep-covered area in the Hebei Plain was divided into the Lower Pleistocene series, the Middle Pleistocene series, the Upper Pleistocene series, and the Holocene series. By observing the cores of the Quaternary borehole QHJ02, this paper focused on dividing its loose sediments into eight lithological sections, according to the lithology, sediment colour, sedimentary assemblage, and sedimentary environment. The geomagnetic polarity belt is divided according to the paleomagnetic inclination of the paleomagnetic sample in borehole QHJ02. The results of the paleomagnetic test show that the interval of 0–101.3 m is Brunhes normal polarity chron, the interval from 101.3 to 219.5 m is Matuyama reversed polarity chron, and the interval from 219.5 to 350 m is Gauss normal polarity chron. The amplitude of the geophysical logging curve shows a good correspondence with the lithology of the QHJ02 borehole. The lithology changes can be identified through the abrupt abnormal positions of logging curves such as gamma ray, resistivity, and magnetization to analyze the sedimentary environment combination and determine the formation boundary. According to the combination of paleomagnetic, shallow seismic reflection, and geophysical well logging methods, we can determine the bottom boundaries of the Quaternary and middle Pleistocene are 219.5 m and 101.3 m, respectively. According to the combination of geophysical well-logging, lithostratigraphic assessment, dating experiment of Accelerator Mass Spectrometry 14C (AMS 14C), and Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL), we can determine the bottom of the upper Pleistocene and the lower limit of Holocene to be at 45.4 m and 21.4 m, respectively. Based on a comprehensive analysis of rock stratigraphic characteristics and well-logging curves, this study investigated the paleoenvironmental characteristics of borehole QHJ02 at different ages. The Upper Neogene was characterized by branch channels and river floodplains, with localized occurrences of alluvial fans, avulsion fans, and inter-channel lowlands. During the Early Pleistocene, branch channels and inter-channel lowlands dominated, with localized river floodplains. The Middle Pleistocene witnessed alternating branch channels and river floodplains as the main paleoenvironments. In the Late Pleistocene, branch channels and inter-channel lowlands were prevalent. The Holocene saw a combination of natural levees and river flood-plain environments. These findings enhance our understanding of the geological evolution and paleoenvironmental changes in the North Hebei Plain.

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来源期刊
Geosciences Journal
Geosciences Journal 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
8.30%
发文量
33
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Geosciences Journal opens a new era for the publication of geoscientific research articles in English, covering geology, geophysics, geochemistry, paleontology, structural geology, mineralogy, petrology, stratigraphy, sedimentology, environmental geology, economic geology, petroleum geology, hydrogeology, remote sensing and planetary geology.
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