巴基斯坦木尔坦农村和城市周边地区小反刍动物布鲁氏菌病的流行病学研究

Mian Muhammad Awais, Bakhtawar Khadim, Masood Akhtar, Muhammad Irfan Anwar, Gohar Khadim, Abdul Sammad Ali Khan Shirwany, Halil Selcuk Biricik, Abdul Razzaq, Muhammad Sibtain Bhatti
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All the ELISA positive samples were confirmed by PCR using genus-specific primers, and frequencies of <i>Brucella</i> species in positive samples were enumerated using species-specific primers. Results indicated seropositivity rates of 9.69, 9.95, and 10.20% in study population using RBPT reagents of IDEXX-USA, ID.Vet-France, and VRI-Pakistan, respectively, with a statistically nonsignificant difference <span><svg height=\"12.7178pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42947pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -9.28833 23.471 12.7178\" width=\"23.471pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.498,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,15.84,0)\"></path></g></svg><span></span><span><svg height=\"12.7178pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42947pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"27.053183800000003 -9.28833 26.453 12.7178\" width=\"26.453pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,27.103,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,33.343,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,36.307,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,42.547,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,48.787,0)\"></path></g></svg>.</span></span> Results of ELISA showed an overall seroprevalence rate of 7.14% in target population with a slightly higher rate in sheep (7.65%) as compared to goat (6.63%) population (<span><svg height=\"11.7782pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.34882 18.973 11.7782\" width=\"18.973pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-113\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.342,0)\"></path></g></svg><span></span><span><svg height=\"11.7782pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"22.555183800000002 -8.34882 28.184 11.7782\" width=\"28.184pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.605,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,28.845,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-47\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,31.809,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.049,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,44.29,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-54\"></use></g></svg>;</span></span> OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.53, 2.57). Results revealed that out of total positive samples, <i>B. abortus</i> was detected in 60.71% of seropositive samples and <i>B. melitensis</i> was detected in 14.28% of positive samples. It was revealed that risk factors including body condition scores, hygienic conditions of the housing facility, farming system, reproductive disorders, educational status of farmers, and awareness of farmers about brucellosis had significant association with brucellosis in small ruminants of study area <span><svg height=\"12.7178pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42947pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -9.28833 23.471 12.7178\" width=\"23.471pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-41\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.498,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-113\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,15.84,0)\"></path></g></svg><span></span><span><svg height=\"12.7178pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42947pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"27.053183800000003 -9.28833 26.453 12.7178\" width=\"26.453pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,27.103,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,33.343,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-47\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,36.307,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,42.547,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-54\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,48.787,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-42\"></use></g></svg>.</span></span> Conversely, farm/herd size, locality, gender, age, weight, and parity showed a nonsignificant association <span><svg height=\"12.7178pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42947pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -9.28833 23.471 12.7178\" width=\"23.471pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-41\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.498,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-113\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,15.84,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g117-92\"></use></g></svg><span></span><svg height=\"12.7178pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-3.42947pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"27.053183800000003 -9.28833 26.453 12.7178\" width=\"26.453pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,27.103,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,33.343,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-47\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,36.307,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,42.547,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-54\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,48.787,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-42\"></use></g></svg></span> with brucellosis. In conclusion, brucellosis is prevalent in small ruminants of Multan, Pakistan. It is recommended to devise and implement effective control strategies with a major focus on raising awareness about brucellosis in farmers for the containment of infection in the region.","PeriodicalId":501415,"journal":{"name":"Canadian Journal of Infectious Diseases and Medical Microbiology","volume":"37 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0000,"publicationDate":"2024-02-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Epidemiology of Brucellosis in Small Ruminants of Rural and Peri-Urban Areas of Multan, Pakistan\",\"authors\":\"Mian Muhammad Awais, Bakhtawar Khadim, Masood Akhtar, Muhammad Irfan Anwar, Gohar Khadim, Abdul Sammad Ali Khan Shirwany, Halil Selcuk Biricik, Abdul Razzaq, Muhammad Sibtain Bhatti\",\"doi\":\"10.1155/2024/8898827\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"Brucellosis is a widespread zoonotic disease of veterinary and public health importance with considerably higher prevalence in developing/underdeveloped countries. This study reports the prevalence and risk determinants of brucellosis in small ruminants of peri-urban and rural areas of district Multan, Southern Punjab, Pakistan. For this purpose, sera samples (<i>n</i> = 392) of small ruminants were collected and subjected to preliminary screening using commercially available RBPT reagents followed by serodetection of brucellosis using multispecies i-ELISA kit (ID.vet, France). All the ELISA positive samples were confirmed by PCR using genus-specific primers, and frequencies of <i>Brucella</i> species in positive samples were enumerated using species-specific primers. Results indicated seropositivity rates of 9.69, 9.95, and 10.20% in study population using RBPT reagents of IDEXX-USA, ID.Vet-France, and VRI-Pakistan, respectively, with a statistically nonsignificant difference <span><svg height=\\\"12.7178pt\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align:-3.42947pt\\\" version=\\\"1.1\\\" viewbox=\\\"-0.0498162 -9.28833 23.471 12.7178\\\" width=\\\"23.471pt\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\"><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\\\"></path></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.498,0)\\\"></path></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,15.84,0)\\\"></path></g></svg><span></span><span><svg height=\\\"12.7178pt\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align:-3.42947pt\\\" version=\\\"1.1\\\" viewbox=\\\"27.053183800000003 -9.28833 26.453 12.7178\\\" width=\\\"26.453pt\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\"><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,27.103,0)\\\"></path></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,33.343,0)\\\"></path></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,36.307,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-49\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,42.547,0)\\\"></path></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,48.787,0)\\\"></path></g></svg>.</span></span> Results of ELISA showed an overall seroprevalence rate of 7.14% in target population with a slightly higher rate in sheep (7.65%) as compared to goat (6.63%) population (<span><svg height=\\\"11.7782pt\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\\\" version=\\\"1.1\\\" viewbox=\\\"-0.0498162 -8.34882 18.973 11.7782\\\" width=\\\"18.973pt\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\"><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-113\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.342,0)\\\"></path></g></svg><span></span><span><svg height=\\\"11.7782pt\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align:-3.42938pt\\\" version=\\\"1.1\\\" viewbox=\\\"22.555183800000002 -8.34882 28.184 11.7782\\\" width=\\\"28.184pt\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\"><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.605,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-49\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,28.845,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-47\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,31.809,0)\\\"></path></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.049,0)\\\"></path></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,44.29,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-54\\\"></use></g></svg>;</span></span> OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.53, 2.57). Results revealed that out of total positive samples, <i>B. abortus</i> was detected in 60.71% of seropositive samples and <i>B. melitensis</i> was detected in 14.28% of positive samples. It was revealed that risk factors including body condition scores, hygienic conditions of the housing facility, farming system, reproductive disorders, educational status of farmers, and awareness of farmers about brucellosis had significant association with brucellosis in small ruminants of study area <span><svg height=\\\"12.7178pt\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align:-3.42947pt\\\" version=\\\"1.1\\\" viewbox=\\\"-0.0498162 -9.28833 23.471 12.7178\\\" width=\\\"23.471pt\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\"><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-41\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.498,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-113\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,15.84,0)\\\"></path></g></svg><span></span><span><svg height=\\\"12.7178pt\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align:-3.42947pt\\\" version=\\\"1.1\\\" viewbox=\\\"27.053183800000003 -9.28833 26.453 12.7178\\\" width=\\\"26.453pt\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\"><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,27.103,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-49\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,33.343,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-47\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,36.307,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-49\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,42.547,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-54\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,48.787,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-42\\\"></use></g></svg>.</span></span> Conversely, farm/herd size, locality, gender, age, weight, and parity showed a nonsignificant association <span><svg height=\\\"12.7178pt\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align:-3.42947pt\\\" version=\\\"1.1\\\" viewbox=\\\"-0.0498162 -9.28833 23.471 12.7178\\\" width=\\\"23.471pt\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\"><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-41\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.498,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-113\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,15.84,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g117-92\\\"></use></g></svg><span></span><svg height=\\\"12.7178pt\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align:-3.42947pt\\\" version=\\\"1.1\\\" viewbox=\\\"27.053183800000003 -9.28833 26.453 12.7178\\\" width=\\\"26.453pt\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\"><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,27.103,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-49\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,33.343,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-47\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,36.307,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-49\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,42.547,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-54\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,48.787,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-42\\\"></use></g></svg></span> with brucellosis. In conclusion, brucellosis is prevalent in small ruminants of Multan, Pakistan. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

布鲁氏菌病是一种广泛传播的人畜共患疾病,对兽医和公共卫生具有重要意义,在发展中国家/欠发达国家的发病率要高得多。本研究报告了布鲁氏菌病在巴基斯坦南旁遮普省木尔坦市郊区和农村地区小型反刍动物中的流行情况和风险决定因素。为此,研究人员收集了小反刍动物的血清样本(n = 392),并使用市售的 RBPT 试剂进行初步筛查,然后使用多物种 i-ELISA试剂盒(ID.vet,法国)进行布鲁氏菌病血清检测。所有 ELISA 检测呈阳性的样本都使用属特异性引物进行 PCR 确认,并使用种特异性引物计算阳性样本中布鲁氏杆菌种的频率。结果表明,使用美国 IDEXX 公司、法国 ID.Vet 公司和巴基斯坦 VRI 公司的 RBPT 试剂,研究人群的血清阳性率分别为 9.69%、9.95% 和 10.20%,差异无统计学意义。ELISA 检测结果显示,目标人群的总体血清阳性率为 7.14%,其中绵羊的阳性率(7.65%)略高于山羊(6.63%)(OR = 1.16,95% CI = 0.53,2.57)。结果显示,在所有阳性样本中,60.71%的血清阳性样本检测到了流产鲍曼,14.28%的阳性样本检测到了梅里金鲍曼。研究发现,包括体况评分、饲养设施的卫生条件、耕作制度、繁殖障碍、农民的教育状况和农民对布氏杆菌病的认识在内的风险因素与研究区小型反刍动物布氏杆菌病有显著的相关性。相反,农场/畜群规模、地区、性别、年龄、体重和胎次与布鲁氏菌病的关系不明显。总之,布鲁氏菌病在巴基斯坦木尔坦的小型反刍动物中很普遍。建议制定并实施有效的控制策略,重点提高农民对布鲁氏杆菌病的认识,以控制该地区的感染。
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Epidemiology of Brucellosis in Small Ruminants of Rural and Peri-Urban Areas of Multan, Pakistan
Brucellosis is a widespread zoonotic disease of veterinary and public health importance with considerably higher prevalence in developing/underdeveloped countries. This study reports the prevalence and risk determinants of brucellosis in small ruminants of peri-urban and rural areas of district Multan, Southern Punjab, Pakistan. For this purpose, sera samples (n = 392) of small ruminants were collected and subjected to preliminary screening using commercially available RBPT reagents followed by serodetection of brucellosis using multispecies i-ELISA kit (ID.vet, France). All the ELISA positive samples were confirmed by PCR using genus-specific primers, and frequencies of Brucella species in positive samples were enumerated using species-specific primers. Results indicated seropositivity rates of 9.69, 9.95, and 10.20% in study population using RBPT reagents of IDEXX-USA, ID.Vet-France, and VRI-Pakistan, respectively, with a statistically nonsignificant difference . Results of ELISA showed an overall seroprevalence rate of 7.14% in target population with a slightly higher rate in sheep (7.65%) as compared to goat (6.63%) population (; OR = 1.16, 95% CI = 0.53, 2.57). Results revealed that out of total positive samples, B. abortus was detected in 60.71% of seropositive samples and B. melitensis was detected in 14.28% of positive samples. It was revealed that risk factors including body condition scores, hygienic conditions of the housing facility, farming system, reproductive disorders, educational status of farmers, and awareness of farmers about brucellosis had significant association with brucellosis in small ruminants of study area . Conversely, farm/herd size, locality, gender, age, weight, and parity showed a nonsignificant association with brucellosis. In conclusion, brucellosis is prevalent in small ruminants of Multan, Pakistan. It is recommended to devise and implement effective control strategies with a major focus on raising awareness about brucellosis in farmers for the containment of infection in the region.
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