LGBTQ+ 人士归属感的社会生态学方法

IF 16.8 Q1 PSYCHOLOGY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Nature reviews psychology Pub Date : 2024-02-08 DOI:10.1038/s44159-024-00280-6
Jes L. Matsick, Jude T. Sullivan, Emerson Todd, Mary Kruk, Jonathan E. Cook
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摘要

认同为女同性恋、男同性恋、双性恋、变性人和同性恋者以及其他在性和性别上属于少数群体的人(用总括术语 LGBTQ+ 表示)比同性或异性恋者经历更多的身体和心理健康问题,部分原因是经历污名化的压力过大。尽管记录 LGBTQ+ 生活中的负面事件很重要,但也有必要确定为 LGBTQ+ 提供发展机会的条件。归属感是促进 LGBTQ+ 人士繁荣并减少其不同健康问题的一个关键心理因素。在本综述中,我们总结了在心理科学、公共卫生和公共政策文献中发现的影响 LGBTQ+ 人士归属感的因素。我们采用社会生态模型来描述在个人、人际、社区和社会层面上增强和削弱归属感的因素。我们采用多管齐下的方法,鼓励 LGBTQ+ 作为个体蓬勃发展,同时解决影响其社会心理健康的结构性因素。本综述是研究人员、健康从业人员和政策制定者了解基于性取向和性别多样性的各种归属感因素的资源。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

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A social ecological approach to belonging in LGBTQ+ people
People who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and queer and other people who are sexual and gender minorities (denoted by the umbrella term LGBTQ+) experience more physical and mental health problems than cisgender or heterosexual people, in part due to excess stress of experiencing stigma. Although it is important to document negative events in the lives of LGBTQ+ people, it is also necessary to identify conditions that provide LGBTQ+ people with the opportunity to thrive. One key psychological factor that can promote prosperity and lessen the disparate health problems for LGBTQ+ people is a sense of belonging. In this Review, we summarize factors identified in the psychological science, public health and public policy literatures that influence belonging for LGBTQ+ people. We use a social ecological model to describe factors that enhance and detract from belonging at the individual, interpersonal, community and societal levels. Our multi-pronged approach encourages the flourishing of LGBTQ+ people as individuals while addressing structural forces that shape their psychosocial well-being. This Review is a resource for researchers, health practitioners and policymakers who seek to understand diverse factors of belonging based on sexual orientation and gender diversity. A sense of belonging can provide LGBTQ+ people with the opportunity to thrive and promote psychological well-being. In this Review, Matsick et al. summarize factors that influence belonging based on sexual orientation and gender diversity using a multi-pronged approach.
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