高尔夫运动学习--系统回顾

Philipp Barzyk, Markus Gruber
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引用次数: 0

摘要

高尔夫是一项由复杂动作技能组成的运动,需要极其精确地执行。因此,运动技能学习在高尔夫运动中起着至关重要的作用,大量研究都涉及到各种运动学习方法。在本综述中,我们对有关高尔夫运动技能学习的随机对照试验(RCT)进行了系统性概述。我们在三个电子数据库中搜索了有关至少一种学习方法对高尔夫专项运动任务成绩影响的 RCT 研究。我们根据 "认知训练"、"练习安排"、"增强反馈"、"内隐和外显学习 "以及 "注意力集中 "等学习策略对研究进行了分组。有 52 项研究符合资格标准,并被纳入系统性综述。其各自策略中的优势方法是外部注意力集中、增加情境干扰以及无差错学习。对于 "认知训练 "和 "增强反馈",没有一种方法可以被认为是最有效的。总体而言,最大的局限性在于半数以上的研究性实验缺乏统计能力,而且本综述中的大多数研究仅调查了新手的简单投放任务。虽然我们已经证明了特定学习方法的优越性,但从新手的简单高尔夫任务中得出的建议是否可以转移到高级运动员的特定运动任务中,仍有待证明,并且需要进行研究设计,以便为高尔夫运动的教练员和运动员提供实用的建议。
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Motor learning in golf—a systematic review
Golf is a sport that consists of complex movement skills that need to be executed with utmost precision. Consequently, motor skill learning plays a crucial role in golf, and large numbers of studies address various methods of motor learning. In the present review, we give a systematic overview of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on motor learning of golf-specific motor skills. Three electronic databases were searched for RCTs looking at the effect of at least one learning method on performance in a golf-specific motor task. We grouped the studies depending on the learning strategies “cognitive training”, “practice scheduling”, “augmented feedback”, “implicit and explicit learning” and “focus of attention”. Fifty-two RCTs met the eligibility criteria and were included in the systematic review. Superior methods within their respective strategies were an external focus of attention and increasing contextual interference, as well as errorless learning. For “cognitive training” and “augmented feedback”, no single method can be considered the most favorable. The overall biggest limitations were the lack of statistical power for more than half of the RCTs, and the fact that most studies of the present review investigated simple putting tasks in novices only. Although we have shown superiority of specific learning methods, transferability of the recommendations that can be derived from simple golf tasks in novices to sport-specific tasks in advanced players still has to be demonstrated and require study designs with the intention to provide practical recommendations for coaches and athletes in the sport of golf.
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