影响阿尔及利亚半干旱草原区牛奶全球质量的因素

Nabila Kara, B. Yabrir, A. Laoun
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引用次数: 0

摘要

这项研究的目的是调查阿尔及利亚半干旱草原地区的牧区、季节和采集点对牛奶质量的影响。在一年四季中,这项研究在 334 个牧场和 25 个采集点进行,并分为五个区域。涉及 1336 个牛奶样本。研究结果表明,半干旱地区牛奶的理化和微生物质量受地区、季节和采集点的影响。除 pH 值外,采集点的表现与季节相似。它们对金黄色葡萄球菌的影响非常显著(p ≤ 0.01),而对所有其他理化特性(酸度、密度、冰点、湿润度、脂肪、蛋白质和总固体)和微生物参数(耐热大肠菌群、30°C 需氧菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌和沙门氏菌)的影响则非常显著(p ≤ 0.001)。另一方面,分区的影响是多变的。除脂肪含量和沙门氏菌不受分区影响外,对其他参数的影响非常显著(p ≤ 0.05)。此外,pH 值也不受采集点的影响。牛奶质量的这种变化是上述因素单独或综合作用的结果。收集点突出了混合效应。季节通过温度(牛奶的运输和储存条件)直接发挥作用,或间接影响牲畜的喂养,而地区则通过气候直接发挥作用,或通过植物覆盖间接发挥作用。
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Factors affecting global quality of milk produced in a semi-arid Algerian steppe zone
The purpose of this research was to investigate the effect of the zone, season and collecting point on the quality of milk produced in a semi-arid steppe zone of Algeria. Throughout the four seasons of the year and separated into five zones, this study was done on 334 farms and 25 collectors. It involved 1336 milk samples. The obtained results showed that the physico-chemical and microbiological quality of milk produced in semi-arid zones is influenced by the zone, season, and collecting point. The collecting point behaves similarly to the season, except for pH. They showed a highly significant effect (p ≤ 0.01) for Staphylococcus aureus to a very highly significant one (p ≤ 0.001) for all other physico-chemical characteristics (acidity, density, freezing point, wetting, fat, protein and total solids) and microbiological parameters (thermo-tolerant coliforms, aerobic germs at 30°C, Listeria monocytogenes and Salmonella). On the other hand, the effect of the zone was variable. It is significant (p ≤ 0.05) for Listeria monocytogenes, highly significant for freezing point and wetting, and very highly significant for the other parameters, except for fat content and Salmonella which were not influenced by the zone. Among other things, pH was not affected by the collection point. This variability in milk’s quality is the result of above mentioned factors, either considered independently or in combination. The collection point highlights the mixing effect. The season acts directly through its temperature (condition of transport and storage of milk) or indirectly on the feeding of the animals and the area directly by its climate or indirectly through its plant cover.
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