Pub Date : 2024-08-08DOI: 10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v41.n3.06
Liliana Rondón-Estrada, Ernesto Gómez-Padilla, F. Guevara-Hernández, M. L. La O-Arias, Mariela Reyes-Sosa, Roberto Viltres-Rodríguez
ABSTRACT Pyroligneous acid is recognised as an effective biostimulant in a wide range of crops, improving processes such as germination, growth and yield, as well as inducing stress tolerance and increasing plant resistance to adverse conditions. To evaluate the effect of applying pyroligneous acid (PA) foliarly and on the substrate on the growth, development and yield of cucumber crops, an experiment was set up under organoponic conditions in Bayamo, Granma, Cuba. Seven treatments were used, consisting of PA doses of 5 mL.L-1 foliar (FD1), 10 mL.L-1 foliar (FD2), 15 mL.L-1 foliar (FD3), 5 mL.L-1 substrate (SD1), 10 mL.L-1 (SD2), 15 mL (SD3) and an absolute control. The treatments were established using a completely randomised design. Each treatment was replicated three times, with a sample size of 15 plants per replicate. The product was applied at 7, 14 and 21 days after germination. At 21 days after germination, stem length (cm), stem base diameter (cm), number of leaves, leaf diameter and length (cm), number of branches formed per plant and yield (t.ha-1) were evaluated. The application of PA, both on the leaves and on the substrate, promoted plant growth and development at doses of 5 and 10 mL.L-1. Similarly, the yield-related variables also showed improvements with the application of the product, highlighting that the greatest stimulation was observed when the dose of 5 mL.L-1 was applied foliarly. Keywords: Cucumis sativus L., vegetable, wood vinegar, biostimulant
{"title":"Influence of pyroligneous acid on cucumber cultivation under organoponic conditions","authors":"Liliana Rondón-Estrada, Ernesto Gómez-Padilla, F. Guevara-Hernández, M. L. La O-Arias, Mariela Reyes-Sosa, Roberto Viltres-Rodríguez","doi":"10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v41.n3.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v41.n3.06","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT\u0000Pyroligneous acid is recognised as an effective biostimulant in a wide range of crops, improving processes such as germination, growth and yield, as well as inducing stress tolerance and increasing plant resistance to adverse conditions. To evaluate the effect of applying pyroligneous acid (PA) foliarly and on the substrate on the growth, development and yield of cucumber crops, an experiment was set up under organoponic conditions in Bayamo, Granma, Cuba. Seven treatments were used, consisting of PA doses of 5 mL.L-1 foliar (FD1), 10 mL.L-1 foliar (FD2), 15 mL.L-1 foliar (FD3), 5 mL.L-1 substrate (SD1), 10 mL.L-1 (SD2), 15 mL (SD3) and an absolute control. The treatments were established using a completely randomised design. Each treatment was replicated three times, with a sample size of 15 plants per replicate. The product was applied at 7, 14 and 21 days after germination. At 21 days after germination, stem length (cm), stem base diameter (cm), number of leaves, leaf diameter and length (cm), number of branches formed per plant and yield (t.ha-1) were evaluated. The application of PA, both on the leaves and on the substrate, promoted plant growth and development at doses of 5 and 10 mL.L-1. Similarly, the yield-related variables also showed improvements with the application of the product, highlighting that the greatest stimulation was observed when the dose of 5 mL.L-1 was applied foliarly.\u0000Keywords: Cucumis sativus L., vegetable, wood vinegar, biostimulant","PeriodicalId":509934,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad del Zulia","volume":"37 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-08-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141928405","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v41.n3.01
Ángela Zambrano-Solórzano, Ángel Guzmán-Cedeño, M. Pincay, Jonathan Chicaiza, Diego Zambrano
In agriculture, efficient microorganisms are used, among them plant growth-promoting bacteria. This work aimed to determine, in vitro, the mechanism of action in strains of Bacillus sp. isolated from Antarctica. The analyzed characteristics of the bacterium were: catalase and hemolysis tests, Gram stain, phosphate solubilization, growth without a nitrogen source, siderophore production, and survival at different values of pH, NaCl, and temperature, which confirmed the ecological plasticity and adaptation of these strains in environments other than their origin. According to the desirable characteristics, the T5, GB-70, and B-6 strains were chosen and added to two substrates: clay and clay-compost mixture, which were sterilized and placed in 200 mL glass bottles, and a corn seed was planted in each of them. After two weeks, the following parameters were evaluated: length of root (LR), seedling height (AP), and shoot diameter (DT). The simple effect of the strains as independent variables and their interaction did not significantly affect the response variables evaluated, recording the following averages: 12.84 cm (LR), 15.28 cm (AP), and 2.26 cm (DT). Considering the substrate, the compost + clay significantly (p<0.05) influenced the LR and DT characteristics of the seedlings, with averages of 14.44 and 2.38 cm, respectively. The observed mechanisms of action distinguish promising strains that could be validated at the field level in agricultural production systems when inoculated in organic fertilizers. Keywords: antarctic microorganisms, beneficial bacteria, plant growth.
{"title":"Evaluation of Antarctic strains of Bacillus sp. as plant growth promoting bacteria","authors":"Ángela Zambrano-Solórzano, Ángel Guzmán-Cedeño, M. Pincay, Jonathan Chicaiza, Diego Zambrano","doi":"10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v41.n3.01","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v41.n3.01","url":null,"abstract":"In agriculture, efficient microorganisms are used, among them plant growth-promoting bacteria. This work aimed to determine, in vitro, the mechanism of action in strains of Bacillus sp. isolated from Antarctica. The analyzed characteristics of the bacterium were: catalase and hemolysis tests, Gram stain, phosphate solubilization, growth without a nitrogen source, siderophore production, and survival at different values of pH, NaCl, and temperature, which confirmed the ecological plasticity and adaptation of these strains in environments other than their origin. According to the desirable characteristics, the T5, GB-70, and B-6 strains were chosen and added to two substrates: clay and clay-compost mixture, which were sterilized and placed in 200 mL glass bottles, and a corn seed was planted in each of them. After two weeks, the following parameters were evaluated: length of root (LR), seedling height (AP), and shoot diameter (DT). The simple effect of the strains as independent variables and their interaction did not significantly affect the response variables evaluated, recording the following averages: 12.84 cm (LR), 15.28 cm (AP), and 2.26 cm (DT). Considering the substrate, the compost + clay significantly (p<0.05) influenced the LR and DT characteristics of the seedlings, with averages of 14.44 and 2.38 cm, respectively. The observed mechanisms of action distinguish promising strains that could be validated at the field level in agricultural production systems when inoculated in organic fertilizers.\u0000Keywords: antarctic microorganisms, beneficial bacteria, plant growth.","PeriodicalId":509934,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad del Zulia","volume":"35 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141711338","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v41.n3.02
Gilberto Lemus, Javier Rodríguez, William Burgos, Clemente Lemus, Carlos Carmona
The objective of this research was to carry out a molecular genetic characterization of three Hairless Pig (HP) breed populations located in México in the states of Nayarit, Oaxaca and Yucatán to identify variations, selection effects and population genetic relationships. From blood samples, a total of 163 animals from three populations of HP were successfully genotyped. Genotyped SNP data was employed to compute genetic diversity, population structure and landscape genetic analysis. The parameters of minor allele frequency (MAF), observed heterozygosity (Ho) and Wright’s fixation index (FIS) pointed out that the population of Nayarit is the one with the greatest genetic diversity (MAF: 0.362, Ho: 0.336, FIS: 0.061). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and a Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree analysis showed diversification among the three HP populations and pointed out a closer genetic relationship between the HP populations and the Iberian pig breed. The Admixture analysis showed as well common ancestry shared from commercial and Iberian breeds in the HP populations in different gradients. For the analysis of the relationships between geographic and genetic distances, Mantel test was computed and the results described a distribution pattern of the geographical locations along the genetic distances similar to the clustering pattern of the PCA and Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree analysis. The results obtained manage to present the HP poor conservation state and the need to stablish a genetic conservation program meaning an effort to prevent the loss of a significant cultural, natural and genetic resource. Keywords: genetic diversity, landscape genetics, native breeds, genetic resources.
这项研究的目的是对墨西哥纳亚里特州、瓦哈卡州和尤卡坦州的三个无毛猪（HP）种群进行分子遗传特征分析，以确定变异、选择效应和种群遗传关系。通过血液样本，成功对来自三个HP种群的163只动物进行了基因分型。基因分型的 SNP 数据被用于计算遗传多样性、种群结构和景观遗传分析。小等位基因频率（MAF）、观察杂合度（Ho）和赖特固定指数（FIS）等参数表明，纳亚里特种群的遗传多样性最高（MAF：0.362；Ho：0.336；FIS：0.061）。主成分分析（PCA）和邻接系统树分析表明，三个 HP 种群之间存在多样性，并指出 HP 种群与伊比利亚猪种之间存在更密切的遗传关系。混杂分析表明，在不同梯度的高产猪种群中，商业猪种和伊比利亚猪种有着共同的祖先。为了分析地理和遗传距离之间的关系，计算了曼特尔检验，结果表明地理位置沿遗传距离的分布模式与 PCA 和邻接系统树分析的聚类模式相似。结果表明，惠比熊的保护状况不佳，需要制定遗传保护计划，以防止这一重要的文化、自然和遗传资源的流失。关键词：遗传多样性、景观遗传学、本地品种、遗传资源。
{"title":"Exploring the genetic of three Hairless Pig breed populations in Mexico","authors":"Gilberto Lemus, Javier Rodríguez, William Burgos, Clemente Lemus, Carlos Carmona","doi":"10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v41.n3.02","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v41.n3.02","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this research was to carry out a molecular genetic characterization of three Hairless Pig (HP) breed populations located in México in the states of Nayarit, Oaxaca and Yucatán to identify variations, selection effects and population genetic relationships. From blood samples, a total of 163 animals from three populations of HP were successfully genotyped. Genotyped SNP data was employed to compute genetic diversity, population structure and landscape genetic analysis. The parameters of minor allele frequency (MAF), observed heterozygosity (Ho) and Wright’s fixation index (FIS) pointed out that the population of Nayarit is the one with the greatest genetic diversity (MAF: 0.362, Ho: 0.336, FIS: 0.061). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and a Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree analysis showed diversification among the three HP populations and pointed out a closer genetic relationship between the HP populations and the Iberian pig breed. The Admixture analysis showed as well common ancestry shared from commercial and Iberian breeds in the HP populations in different gradients. For the analysis of the relationships between geographic and genetic distances, Mantel test was computed and the results described a distribution pattern of the geographical locations along the genetic distances similar to the clustering pattern of the PCA and Neighbor-joining phylogenetic tree analysis. The results obtained manage to present the HP poor conservation state and the need to stablish a genetic conservation program meaning an effort to prevent the loss of a significant cultural, natural and genetic resource. \u0000Keywords: genetic diversity, landscape genetics, native breeds, genetic resources.","PeriodicalId":509934,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad del Zulia","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141711729","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v41.n2.10
Laura Páez-Olivan, Carmen Quiñones, Néstor Naranjo, René Torres, Miguel Correa-Ramírez, Jaime Herrera
The basidiomycete Hericium erinaceus is one of the most consumed edibles and medicinal mushrooms in the world and appreciated in traditional Chinese medicine. In Mexico it is known as lion's mane. The biological efficiency of wild strains of H. erinaceus cultivated in different substrates in the Durango region, mainly agave bagasse, a waste from mezcal production, was evaluated. The CCH003 strain from Espinazo del diablo showed the highest biological efficiency of 42.33 % and a productivity rate of 0.47 %, with a total cultivation period of 90 days and three harvests. Regarding the evaluation of bioactive compounds, the same strain obtained significant differences compared to the others, it presented the highest values for all determinations; 60 ± 0.018 mg EAG.g ES-1 in phenolic content, 4.21 ± 0.013 mg EQ.g ES-1 for flavonoids, 71.16 ± 0.002 mg EAA.g ES-1 in CAT, 0.0012 ± 0.001 mg AA.g ES-1 for by ABTS and 121 ± 0.107 µg EAG.mL-1 by DPPH. The variability of the results in the tests carried out provides information on how the type of substrate, climatological and geographical conditions and stage of maturity influence the development of the fungus, including the production of secondary metabolites, even if it is the same species. It is expected that this information will be useful to promote the use of agave bagasse as a substrate in the cultivation of H. erinaceus and thereby diversify rural activities in the region, and in the future generate new studies on the effect of conditions on the production of bioactive compounds. Keywords: agave bagasse, antioxidant, medicinal mushrooms.
{"title":"Biological efficiency and evaluation of bioactive compounds of wild mexican strains of Hericium erinaceus","authors":"Laura Páez-Olivan, Carmen Quiñones, Néstor Naranjo, René Torres, Miguel Correa-Ramírez, Jaime Herrera","doi":"10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v41.n2.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v41.n2.10","url":null,"abstract":"The basidiomycete Hericium erinaceus is one of the most consumed edibles and medicinal mushrooms in the world and appreciated in traditional Chinese medicine. In Mexico it is known as lion's mane. The biological efficiency of wild strains of H. erinaceus cultivated in different substrates in the Durango region, mainly agave bagasse, a waste from mezcal production, was evaluated. The CCH003 strain from Espinazo del diablo showed the highest biological efficiency of 42.33 % and a productivity rate of 0.47 %, with a total cultivation period of 90 days and three harvests. Regarding the evaluation of bioactive compounds, the same strain obtained significant differences compared to the others, it presented the highest values for all determinations; 60 ± 0.018 mg EAG.g ES-1 in phenolic content, 4.21 ± 0.013 mg EQ.g ES-1 for flavonoids, 71.16 ± 0.002 mg EAA.g ES-1 in CAT, 0.0012 ± 0.001 mg AA.g ES-1 for by ABTS and 121 ± 0.107 µg EAG.mL-1 by DPPH. The variability of the results in the tests carried out provides information on how the type of substrate, climatological and geographical conditions and stage of maturity influence the development of the fungus, including the production of secondary metabolites, even if it is the same species. It is expected that this information will be useful to promote the use of agave bagasse as a substrate in the cultivation of H. erinaceus and thereby diversify rural activities in the region, and in the future generate new studies on the effect of conditions on the production of bioactive compounds. \u0000Keywords: agave bagasse, antioxidant, medicinal mushrooms.","PeriodicalId":509934,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad del Zulia","volume":"89 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141359551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-11DOI: 10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v41.n2.09
Mónica Narrea-Cango, Luz Gómez
The use of chemical pesticides to control pests also affects beneficial insects, so it is necessary to implement mechanisms that allow them to be protected and promote their development. In the present investigation, three plant shelters were installed to identify their entomofauna and determine the plant species with the potential to host biological controllers of grapevine pests. The study was carried out in the 2020-21 growing season, with seven plant species to make up three plant shelters (A, B, and C) that were installed on the edges of a vineyard of the Crimson Seedless variety in Ica, Peru. In total, 1,209 insects were reported, in six orders, nine families, and sixteen species; the most abundant were pollinators, followed by phytophagous, predators, and some parasitoids. There were no statistical differences between the shelters in terms of the abundance of parasitoids and pollinators, but there were in predators and phytophagous specifically between shelters A and B with C. Shelters A and B, which included the fennel Foeniculum vulgare Mill., stood out for having a larger population of predators, including Chrysoperla externa (Hagen), the main controller of the “vine mealybug” (Planococcus spp.). The importance of plant shelters was demonstrated and their implementation in vineyards is recommended to promote biological control and contribute to integrated pest management in this crop. Keywords: biodiversity, natural enemies, conservation biological control.
{"title":"Entomofauna present in plant shelters in a vineyard var. Crimson Seedless in Ica-Peru","authors":"Mónica Narrea-Cango, Luz Gómez","doi":"10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v41.n2.09","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v41.n2.09","url":null,"abstract":"The use of chemical pesticides to control pests also affects beneficial insects, so it is necessary to implement mechanisms that allow them to be protected and promote their development. In the present investigation, three plant shelters were installed to identify their entomofauna and determine the plant species with the potential to host biological controllers of grapevine pests. The study was carried out in the 2020-21 growing season, with seven plant species to make up three plant shelters (A, B, and C) that were installed on the edges of a vineyard of the Crimson Seedless variety in Ica, Peru. In total, 1,209 insects were reported, in six orders, nine families, and sixteen species; the most abundant were pollinators, followed by phytophagous, predators, and some parasitoids. There were no statistical differences between the shelters in terms of the abundance of parasitoids and pollinators, but there were in predators and phytophagous specifically between shelters A and B with C. Shelters A and B, which included the fennel Foeniculum vulgare Mill., stood out for having a larger population of predators, including Chrysoperla externa (Hagen), the main controller of the “vine mealybug” (Planococcus spp.). The importance of plant shelters was demonstrated and their implementation in vineyards is recommended to promote biological control and contribute to integrated pest management in this crop.\u0000Keywords: biodiversity, natural enemies, conservation biological control.","PeriodicalId":509934,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad del Zulia","volume":"4 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141356200","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-06-03DOI: 10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v41.n2.08
Nelson Loyola, Carlos Acuña, Wilson Silva, M. Arriola
The aim of this investigation was to elaborate soups from frozen pulp of organic pepper (Capsicum annum L. cv. Fyuco). Peppers were organically cultivated at the plots of Universidad Catolica del Maule, San Isidro Campus Los Niches Sector, Curico, Region VII, Chile. This research had three treatments: T0 corresponding to control treatment, T1: pepper pulp, plus stabilizer (Carrageenan Caraol PFP 5337), T2: pepper pulp, plus stabilizer and sweetener (stevia). Chemical assessments (Soluble solids (°Brix), ascorbic acid (mg.100 g-1), acidity (%) and reducing sugars (%)) and sensorial (Flavour, texture, colour, smell, appearance and acceptability) were carried out at days 0, 30 and 60. A microbiological analysis was performed by counting the total coliforms to guarantee the safety of the different treatments. The data obtained in the analyses were assessed with a completely random block design (DBCA), for the chemical and sensorial analyses, all of them having a confidence level of 95 %. There were no significant differences in the chemical parameters under study during the period of the pulp storage, sensorial analysis performed during the three times did not show significant differences. Key Words: frozen soup, peppers, sensorial attributes.
{"title":"Frozen pepper pulp (Capsicum annum L.) stabilizer as soup: nutritional and sensorial\u0000assessment","authors":"Nelson Loyola, Carlos Acuña, Wilson Silva, M. Arriola","doi":"10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v41.n2.08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v41.n2.08","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this investigation was to elaborate soups from frozen pulp of organic pepper (Capsicum annum L. cv. Fyuco). Peppers were organically cultivated at the plots of Universidad Catolica del Maule, San Isidro Campus Los Niches Sector, Curico, Region VII, Chile. This research had three treatments: T0 corresponding to control treatment, T1: pepper pulp, plus stabilizer (Carrageenan Caraol PFP 5337), T2: pepper pulp, plus stabilizer and sweetener (stevia). Chemical assessments (Soluble solids (°Brix), ascorbic acid (mg.100 g-1), acidity (%) and reducing sugars (%)) and sensorial (Flavour, texture, colour, smell, appearance and acceptability) were carried out at days 0, 30 and 60. A microbiological analysis was performed by counting the total coliforms to guarantee the safety of the different treatments. The data obtained in the analyses were assessed with a completely random block design (DBCA), for the chemical and sensorial analyses, all of them having a confidence level of 95 %. There were no significant differences in the chemical parameters under study during the period of the pulp storage, sensorial analysis performed during the three times did not show significant differences.\u0000Key Words: frozen soup, peppers, sensorial attributes.","PeriodicalId":509934,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad del Zulia","volume":"30 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141270652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-05-23DOI: 10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v42.n2.06
Mario Ramos-Veintimilla, F. Zambrano-Gavilanes, Karina Solís-Hidalgo, F. Garcés-Fiallos, Víctor Quimi Arce, A. Sánchez-Urdaneta
The banana (Musa AAA) is one of the main economically important crops worldwide. Currently, it faces a serious problem of plant death caused by the bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) variety 2. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of biological control of Moko disease and its relationship with the vegetative growth of banana seedlings under field conditions. Four treatments were employed: absolute control (T0), Trichoderma spp. (T2), Bacillus spp. (Bio-remedy) (T3), and ADMF® (T4) with three replications in a completely randomized block design. The incubation period, the incidence percentage, and the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) were evaluated, along with plant survival and height, pseudostem diameter, and leaf emission rate. At 113 days after transplanting (dat), treatments T1, T2, and T3 showed higher seedling survival. Plant height (111-145 cm), pseudostem diameter (7.43-11.28 cm), and leaf emission rate (11.74-13.15 leaves) exhibited significant differences among treatments. Treated plants showed the lowest AUDPC (between 576.1 and 1435.4 units) compared to untreated plants (3156.55 units). Trichoderma, Bacillus, and ADMF® were demonstrated to reduce disease incidence and promote banana vegetative growth, proving to be viable sustainable alternatives for this crop. Keywords: Musa AAA, Trichoderma, Bacillus, ADMF®, Ralstonia solanacearum, AUDPC.
{"title":"Biological control of Ralstonia solanacearum and its effect on the vegetative growth of organic banana","authors":"Mario Ramos-Veintimilla, F. Zambrano-Gavilanes, Karina Solís-Hidalgo, F. Garcés-Fiallos, Víctor Quimi Arce, A. Sánchez-Urdaneta","doi":"10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v42.n2.06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v42.n2.06","url":null,"abstract":"The banana (Musa AAA) is one of the main economically important crops worldwide. Currently, it faces a serious problem of plant death caused by the bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) variety 2. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of biological control of Moko disease and its relationship with the vegetative growth of banana seedlings under field conditions. Four treatments were employed: absolute control (T0), Trichoderma spp. (T2), Bacillus spp. (Bio-remedy) (T3), and ADMF® (T4) with three replications in a completely randomized block design. The incubation period, the incidence percentage, and the area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) were evaluated, along with plant survival and height, pseudostem diameter, and leaf emission rate. At 113 days after transplanting (dat), treatments T1, T2, and T3 showed higher seedling survival. Plant height (111-145 cm), pseudostem diameter (7.43-11.28 cm), and leaf emission rate (11.74-13.15 leaves) exhibited significant differences among treatments. Treated plants showed the lowest AUDPC (between 576.1 and 1435.4 units) compared to untreated plants (3156.55 units). Trichoderma, Bacillus, and ADMF® were demonstrated to reduce disease incidence and promote banana vegetative growth, proving to be viable sustainable alternatives for this crop.\u0000Keywords: Musa AAA, Trichoderma, Bacillus, ADMF®, Ralstonia solanacearum, AUDPC.","PeriodicalId":509934,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad del Zulia","volume":"44 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141106618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Water is a natural and vital resource for living beings and ecosystems. Groundwater is of great importance for human consumption and agricultural activities, but over the years, it has become an increasingly scarce resource. The objective of this research was to evaluate the quality of groundwater extracted from wells used for crop irrigation in Balzar, province the Guayas, Ecuador. Four treatments and three repetitions were used; groundwater extracted from three wells plus a distilled water core. Physical, chemical, microbiological analyzes and a toxicity test with dark incubation were carried out on seeds of radish (Raphanus sativus), cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and corn (Zea mays). Turbidity exceeded permitted levels under TULSMA regulations and bicarbonate and chlorine levels exceeded the permitted limit. The microbiological analysis reflected fecal coliform values above 1000 UFC.100 mL-1 of water, indicating the presence of contaminants in the water sources. Phytotoxicity tests carried out with radish seeds showed a stimulation of radicle growth in well one and mild toxicity in wells two and three. For cocoa and corn seeds, moderate and mild toxicity was evident, respectively in the three wells. Although the maximum permissible limits were exceeded in some variables, the water from the three wells can be used for irrigation; however, there is a need to take measures to improve the quality of the water in these wells.
{"title":"Evaluation of groundwater quality for agricultural use in Balzar, province the Guayas, Ecuador","authors":"Leontes Zambrano, Dioselina Navarrete, Ángel Arce, Marcos Chila, Kleber Medina, Athina Centanaro","doi":"10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v42.n2.07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v42.n2.07","url":null,"abstract":"Water is a natural and vital resource for living beings and ecosystems. Groundwater is of great importance for human consumption and agricultural activities, but over the years, it has become an increasingly scarce resource. The objective of this research was to evaluate the quality of groundwater extracted from wells used for crop irrigation in Balzar, province the Guayas, Ecuador. Four treatments and three repetitions were used; groundwater extracted from three wells plus a distilled water core. Physical, chemical, microbiological analyzes and a toxicity test with dark incubation were carried out on seeds of radish (Raphanus sativus), cocoa (Theobroma cacao) and corn (Zea mays). Turbidity exceeded permitted levels under TULSMA regulations and bicarbonate and chlorine levels exceeded the permitted limit. The microbiological analysis reflected fecal coliform values above 1000 UFC.100 mL-1 of water, indicating the presence of contaminants in the water sources. Phytotoxicity tests carried out with radish seeds showed a stimulation of radicle growth in well one and mild toxicity in wells two and three. For cocoa and corn seeds, moderate and mild toxicity was evident, respectively in the three wells. Although the maximum permissible limits were exceeded in some variables, the water from the three wells can be used for irrigation; however, there is a need to take measures to improve the quality of the water in these wells.","PeriodicalId":509934,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad del Zulia","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141105184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-25DOI: 10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v41.n2.05
Jorge Pinna, Kevin Rivas
It is necessary to estimate sugar beet yield, because studies with this crop demonstrated than in Peruvian coastal zone, could be a profitable crop. The objective of the present experiment was to know if dry matter yield of sugar beet is related with Penman’s equation, or FAO’s AquaCrop model. Experiment was made in a sandy soil, non-salty, calcareous, very poor in organic matter, with drip irrigation in Peruvian northern coast. Four treatments: two, three, four and five plant rows per irrigation drip line, in a completely random design, with four replications were utilized. Calculated fresh matter weighs with AquaCrop were between 15.5 and 24.5 Mg.ha-1, very much lesser to real ones (between 67.5 and 103.9 Mg.ha-1) hence Aqua Crop model is not effective to estimate yield of sugar beet. It is possible to estimate yield of sugar beet, with Penman’s formula, which varied between 11.40 and 27.96 Mg.ha-1 dry weight, and the real one was between 13.4 and 21.5 Mg.ha-1, with a "Root Mean Square Error" (RMSE) of 3.73.
{"title":"Yield of sugar beet with drip irrigation, with Penman’s equation and AquaCrop model","authors":"Jorge Pinna, Kevin Rivas","doi":"10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v41.n2.05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v41.n2.05","url":null,"abstract":"It is necessary to estimate sugar beet yield, because studies with this crop demonstrated than in Peruvian coastal zone, could be a profitable crop. The objective of the present experiment was to know if dry matter yield of sugar beet is related with Penman’s equation, or FAO’s AquaCrop model. Experiment was made in a sandy soil, non-salty, calcareous, very poor in organic matter, with drip irrigation in Peruvian northern coast. Four treatments: two, three, four and five plant rows per irrigation drip line, in a completely random design, with four replications were utilized. Calculated fresh matter weighs with AquaCrop were between 15.5 and 24.5 Mg.ha-1, very much lesser to real ones (between 67.5 and 103.9 Mg.ha-1) hence Aqua Crop model is not effective to estimate yield of sugar beet. It is possible to estimate yield of sugar beet, with Penman’s formula, which varied between 11.40 and 27.96 Mg.ha-1 dry weight, and the real one was between 13.4 and 21.5 Mg.ha-1, with a \"Root Mean Square Error\" (RMSE) of 3.73.","PeriodicalId":509934,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad del Zulia","volume":"72 14","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140655121","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-19DOI: 10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v41.n2.03
Janeth Ulloa, Manuel Pérez, Gretty Ettiene, W. Briñez
Plants have nutritional properties and beneficial effects on health, so fortifying dairy foods with plants from the Ecuadorian Amazon could produce dairy products with high nutritional values and unique aromas and flavors. This study characterized the physicochemical, sensory, and microbiological properties of fresh cheese made from the Amazonian plants: wild garlic (Mansoa alliacea; (Lam.) A.H.Gentr) and culantro (Eryngium foetidum L.). Cheeses were made with both species (dry sample and ethanolic extract) at 5 % and 25 % under a completely randomized experimental design with a 23 factorial arrangement, with three replications and 24 experimental units. The physicochemical properties established in the NTE INEN 1528 Standard (moisture, ash, dry matter, protein, fat, pH, acidity, lactose content, lactic acid, and chloride) were determined in the cheeses. Sensory analysis was performed with an untrained panel. Microbiological quality was assessed in the cheese selected in the preference test, according to the NTE INEN 1528 Standard. The treatments affected ash content (3.20 %), pH (5.95), moisture (55.28 %), total solids (42.20 %), and protein (20.84 %). The cheeses QF7 (dry extract of culantro, 5 %) and QF3 (dry extract of wild garlic, 5 %) presented the highest median acceptance, corresponding to "I like it very much", with QF7 getting the highest acceptance (71 %). The fresh cheese presented high protein, fat, and calcium content, as well as adequate microbiological quality, which characterizes it as a caloric and nutritional food.
{"title":"Physicochemical, microbiological, and sensory characterization of fresh cheese made with the Amazonian plants Mansoa alliacea and Eryngium foetidum in Pastaza, Ecuador","authors":"Janeth Ulloa, Manuel Pérez, Gretty Ettiene, W. Briñez","doi":"10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v41.n2.03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47280/revfacagron(luz).v41.n2.03","url":null,"abstract":"Plants have nutritional properties and beneficial effects on health, so fortifying dairy foods with plants from the Ecuadorian Amazon could produce dairy products with high nutritional values and unique aromas and flavors. This study characterized the physicochemical, sensory, and microbiological properties of fresh cheese made from the Amazonian plants: wild garlic (Mansoa alliacea; (Lam.) A.H.Gentr) and culantro (Eryngium foetidum L.). Cheeses were made with both species (dry sample and ethanolic extract) at 5 % and 25 % under a completely randomized experimental design with a 23 factorial arrangement, with three replications and 24 experimental units. The physicochemical properties established in the NTE INEN 1528 Standard (moisture, ash, dry matter, protein, fat, pH, acidity, lactose content, lactic acid, and chloride) were determined in the cheeses. Sensory analysis was performed with an untrained panel. Microbiological quality was assessed in the cheese selected in the preference test, according to the NTE INEN 1528 Standard. The treatments affected ash content (3.20 %), pH (5.95), moisture (55.28 %), total solids (42.20 %), and protein (20.84 %). The cheeses QF7 (dry extract of culantro, 5 %) and QF3 (dry extract of wild garlic, 5 %) presented the highest median acceptance, corresponding to \"I like it very much\", with QF7 getting the highest acceptance (71 %). The fresh cheese presented high protein, fat, and calcium content, as well as adequate microbiological quality, which characterizes it as a caloric and nutritional food.","PeriodicalId":509934,"journal":{"name":"Revista de la Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad del Zulia","volume":" 610","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140682532","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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