野火残骸上可燃液体残留物的交叉污染--包装和储存对检测和定性的影响

Nadin Boegelsack, James Walker, Court D. Sandau, D. McMartin, Jonathan M. Withey, Gwen O'Sullivan
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摘要

要为法律诉讼提供可辩护的数据,就必须严格监控样本的完整性。在火灾残骸分析中,各种经批准的包装和储存方案都是为了防止交叉污染而设计的。本研究通过综合多维气相色谱-飞行时间质谱(GC×GC-ToF MS)分析法,考察了在样品基质(烧焦的木材)存在的情况下防止交叉污染的现行做法的效率。通过比较目标可燃液体残留物(ILR)面积占色谱总面积的百分比,并应用为检测交叉污染而开发的化学计量学工具,对可燃液体残留物(ILR)的转移进行了评估。与有缺陷的包装相比,所有方法都能减少交叉污染。各种方法的性能各不相同。尼龙包装的性能最好,而商用聚乙烯包装的性能最差,原因是材料和密封机制会释放出干扰化合物。如果使用得当,热封是最好的密封机制,其次是压接连接,最后是粘合密封。冷藏贮存具有多种优势,对聚乙烯包装和粘合剂密封机制的影响较大。与双层包装相比,三层包装的优势并不明显。根据上述研究结果,推荐的包装方法是混合材料包装(金属夸脱罐装在热封尼龙袋中),可有效防止交叉污染,并在运输过程中持续冷藏,具有实际优势。
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Cross-Contamination of Ignitable Liquid Residues on Wildfire Debris—Effects of Packaging and Storage on Detection and Characterization
Producing defensible data for legal proceedings requires strict monitoring of sample integrity. In fire debris analysis, various approved packaging and storage solutions are designed to achieve this by preventing cross-contamination. This study examines the efficiency of current practices at preventing cross-contamination in the presence of a sample matrix (charred wood) via analysis by comprehensive multidimensional gas chromatography coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC×GC-ToF MS). The transfer of ignitable liquid residue (ILR) was assessed by comparing percentages of the target ILR area relative to the total chromatogram area and applying chemometric tools developed to detect cross-contamination. All practices reduced cross-contamination in comparison to faulty packaging. Individual practices varied in their performance. Nylon-based packaging performed best, whereas commercial polyethylene-based packaging performed worst due to interfering compounds emitted from the material and sealing mechanism. Heat-sealing was the best sealing mechanism when applied correctly, followed by press-fit connections, and lastly, adhesive sealing. Refrigerated storage offered several advantages, with elevated impact for polyethylene-based packaging and adhesive sealing mechanisms. Triple-layer packaging practices did not show significant benefits over double-layers. The recommended packaging approach based on these findings is mixed-material packaging (metal quart can in a heat-sealed nylon bag), offering advanced prevention of cross-contamination and practical advantages with continued refrigeration during transport.
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