Advancing laser micropropulsion: High performance with MOF-derived carbon-encapsulated-nano-metal composites

Laser micropropulsion (LMP) is a promising power system for micro-nano satellites. However, current propellants lack enhanced micropropulsion performance and extended service life. To address these challenges, we introduce metal-organic-frameworks (MOFs)-derived Carbon-encapsulated-Nano-Metal Composite (CNMC) through in situ thermal decomposition. CNMC materials combine MOFs' large surface area and porous structure with the benefits of lightweight carbon-based materials. By manipulating the synthesis condition, uniform and highly dense nanoparticles of sizes around 35–121 nm can be achieved. The experimental and numerical studies reveal effective tailoring of LMP performance by adjusting nanoparticle size and metal concentration. Remarkably, CNMC with about 71 nm Cu nanoparticles at 35.3 wt. % exhibits exceptional LMP performance, with 95.02 μN/μg impulse thrust per mass, 42.42% ablated efficiency, and 969.58 s specific impulse. This work provides valuable insights into rational nanoparticle design in carbon-based materials, opening broad applications in LMP technology. Addressing current propellant limitations, this research advances micropropulsion, benefiting future space exploration.