Pub Date : 2026-03-25DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2026.102709
Zhongtao Gou, Xinrui Zhang, Qianfu Xia, Haoyang Sun, Jianxin Xu, Jiacheng Liu, Yue Ma, Binghe Ma, Honglong Chang, Weizheng Yuan, Seeram Ramakrishna, Lei Wei, Tao Ye
Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible energy storage batteries with distributed on-chip power supply capability are essential for the development of advanced system-on-chips (SoCs). However, such devices have not been reported till now. The current concentrated power architecture of SoCs based on a discrete battery, with redundant encapsulation materials and tabs, exhibits low energy storage density, energy utilization efficiency, and integration capability. Herein, CMOS-compatible lithium-ion batteries (CLIBs) are developed for distributed on-chip power supply in SoCs. The anode and cathode are prepared on two different wafers, which are bonded with electrolytes and separators to form the CLIBs. The CLIBs exhibit an areal capacity of 3.54 mAh cm−2 and energy density of 34.375 mWh cm−3 at 0.1C and simplify the integration of a multi-sensor SoC with through-silicon vias and redistribution layer circuits. Further, the dual-CLIB distributed power architecture exhibits nearly doubled energy utilization efficiency as compared to the centralized power architecture.
具有分布式片上供电能力的互补金属氧化物半导体（CMOS）兼容储能电池对于先进的片上系统（soc）的发展至关重要。然而，这种装置到目前为止还没有报道。目前基于离散电池的soc集中式电源架构，存在冗余封装材料和芯片，储能密度低、能量利用效率低、集成能力差。本文开发了cmos兼容锂离子电池（clib），用于soc中的分布式片上电源。阳极和阴极是在两个不同的晶片上制备的，这两个晶片与电解质和分离器结合形成clib。该clib在0.1C时的面容量为3.54 mAh cm - 2，能量密度为34.375 mWh cm - 3，简化了多传感器SoC与硅通孔和重分布层电路的集成。此外，与集中式电源架构相比，双clib分布式电源架构的能源利用效率几乎翻了一番。
{"title":"CMOS-compatible lithium-ion batteries for distributed on-chip power architecture","authors":"Zhongtao Gou, Xinrui Zhang, Qianfu Xia, Haoyang Sun, Jianxin Xu, Jiacheng Liu, Yue Ma, Binghe Ma, Honglong Chang, Weizheng Yuan, Seeram Ramakrishna, Lei Wei, Tao Ye","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2026.102709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2026.102709","url":null,"abstract":"Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS)-compatible energy storage batteries with distributed on-chip power supply capability are essential for the development of advanced system-on-chips (SoCs). However, such devices have not been reported till now. The current concentrated power architecture of SoCs based on a discrete battery, with redundant encapsulation materials and tabs, exhibits low energy storage density, energy utilization efficiency, and integration capability. Herein, CMOS-compatible lithium-ion batteries (CLIBs) are developed for distributed on-chip power supply in SoCs. The anode and cathode are prepared on two different wafers, which are bonded with electrolytes and separators to form the CLIBs. The CLIBs exhibit an areal capacity of 3.54 mAh cm<sup>−2</sup> and energy density of 34.375 mWh cm<sup>−3</sup> at 0.1C and simplify the integration of a multi-sensor SoC with through-silicon vias and redistribution layer circuits. Further, the dual-CLIB distributed power architecture exhibits nearly doubled energy utilization efficiency as compared to the centralized power architecture.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"60 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147507186","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-24DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2026.102678
Yunhe Diao, Mingxue Xia, Yi Zhou, Qianhe Ma, Xuying Liu, Huige Yang
The Hofmeister effect, a fundamental concept in colloid chemistry since the 19th century, has recently gained renewed momentum as a transformative tool for the development of advanced, functional hydrogels. Unlike traditional methods that depend on static covalent crosslinking, Hofmeister effect-assisted engineering addresses the long-standing challenge in aqueous soft matter—the intrinsic balance between structural integrity and dynamic adaptability—by precisely modulating ion-water-polymer interactions. Harnessing the Hofmeister effect enables precise programming of hydrogels with multifunctional enhancements, from mechanochemical control to environmental tolerance. Capitalizing on these advances, this review systematically describes the ion-specific orchestration mechanisms in hydrogel systems, offering timely insights into the frontier of innovation in Hofmeister effect-assisted functional materials. Research on ion programmable hydrogel architectures and their transformative capabilities across iontronics, environmental engineering, and biomedicine has progressed. We conclude by outlining challenges and untapped opportunities for these sustainable, multifunctional Hofmeister effect-assisted hydrogels, anticipating that this analysis will provide fundamental insights into ion-specific interactions while accelerating the practical deployment of engineered hydrogels, thereby advancing research across multiple fields.
{"title":"Hofmeister effect-assisted hydrogels: Rational engineering for next-generation functional materials","authors":"Yunhe Diao, Mingxue Xia, Yi Zhou, Qianhe Ma, Xuying Liu, Huige Yang","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2026.102678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2026.102678","url":null,"abstract":"The Hofmeister effect, a fundamental concept in colloid chemistry since the 19th century, has recently gained renewed momentum as a transformative tool for the development of advanced, functional hydrogels. Unlike traditional methods that depend on static covalent crosslinking, Hofmeister effect-assisted engineering addresses the long-standing challenge in aqueous soft matter—the intrinsic balance between structural integrity and dynamic adaptability—by precisely modulating ion-water-polymer interactions. Harnessing the Hofmeister effect enables precise programming of hydrogels with multifunctional enhancements, from mechanochemical control to environmental tolerance. Capitalizing on these advances, this review systematically describes the ion-specific orchestration mechanisms in hydrogel systems, offering timely insights into the frontier of innovation in Hofmeister effect-assisted functional materials. Research on ion programmable hydrogel architectures and their transformative capabilities across iontronics, environmental engineering, and biomedicine has progressed. We conclude by outlining challenges and untapped opportunities for these sustainable, multifunctional Hofmeister effect-assisted hydrogels, anticipating that this analysis will provide fundamental insights into ion-specific interactions while accelerating the practical deployment of engineered hydrogels, thereby advancing research across multiple fields.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147507539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-24DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2026.102708
Meng Xie, Yizheng Bao, Tengfei Hu, Jiyue Wu, Wei Liu, Shuang He, Tingyu Zhang, Shaobo Guo, Hengchang Nie, Yezhan Lin, Haitao Huang, Nan Meng, Genshui Wang
Pyroelectric energy harvesting is frequently constrained by irreversible polarization loss at phase transitions, necessitating repetitive re-poling. This study circumvents this limitation by designing a fully reversible, rhombohedral-type, ferroelectric-to-ferroelectric (FE-FE) transition in lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate-bismuth scandate ceramics. By optimizing the substitution level, a giant and recyclable pyroelectric response (∼60 × 10−8 C·cm−2·K−1) is achieved near ambient temperature. In situ structural analysis reveals a competitive mechanism where B–O bond expansion and A-site-dominated polarization redistribution collectively amplify temperature sensitivity. As a proof of concept, the optimized ceramics facilitate 97.6% degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride through solar-driven pyro-catalysis over 20 cycles without performance decay. These results establish phase-transition engineering as a transformative approach for self-restoring pyroelectric materials. This research paves the way for efficient utilization of ambient thermal and solar resources in energy harvesting and environmental remediation.
{"title":"Reversible giant pyroelectricity for enhanced energy harvesting and solar-driven pyro-catalysis","authors":"Meng Xie, Yizheng Bao, Tengfei Hu, Jiyue Wu, Wei Liu, Shuang He, Tingyu Zhang, Shaobo Guo, Hengchang Nie, Yezhan Lin, Haitao Huang, Nan Meng, Genshui Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2026.102708","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2026.102708","url":null,"abstract":"Pyroelectric energy harvesting is frequently constrained by irreversible polarization loss at phase transitions, necessitating repetitive re-poling. This study circumvents this limitation by designing a fully reversible, rhombohedral-type, ferroelectric-to-ferroelectric (FE-FE) transition in lanthanum-modified lead zirconate titanate-bismuth scandate ceramics. By optimizing the substitution level, a giant and recyclable pyroelectric response (∼60 × 10<sup>−8</sup> C·cm<sup>−2</sup>·K<sup>−1</sup>) is achieved near ambient temperature. <em>In situ</em> structural analysis reveals a competitive mechanism where B–O bond expansion and A-site-dominated polarization redistribution collectively amplify temperature sensitivity. As a proof of concept, the optimized ceramics facilitate 97.6% degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride through solar-driven pyro-catalysis over 20 cycles without performance decay. These results establish phase-transition engineering as a transformative approach for self-restoring pyroelectric materials. This research paves the way for efficient utilization of ambient thermal and solar resources in energy harvesting and environmental remediation.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"270 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147507187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Because of their rich surface chemistry, two-dimensional (2D) layered materials are promising components of modification layers for Zn metal batteries. However, the mechanisms regulating the Zn deposition behavior in such batteries remain unknown. Here, we use MXenes as model materials to elucidate the role of surface chemistry in stabilizing Zn anodes. By screening 10 surface terminations of MXenes via theoretical and experimental methods, we identified chalcogen-terminated MXenes as ideal modification layers with high zincophilicities, ionic/electronic conductivities, and hydrogen evolution-inhibiting capabilities. Unique chalcogen-terminated surface and conductive MXene framework collectively promoted dendrite-free Zn deposition and inhibited parasitic reactions. Consequently, the MXene-modified layer enabled reversible Zn plating/stripping over 4,000 cycles with a high Coulombic efficiency (>99.8%). Furthermore, highly reversible Zn plating/stripping was also observed for other 2D layered materials with chalcogen surfaces. This study advances understanding of the surface chemistry of 2D layered materials and its ability to regulate metal deposition behavior.
{"title":"Surface chemistry modulation in two-dimensional layered materials for highly stable zinc metal batteries","authors":"Baoquan Liu, Xingqi Han, Yanzeng Ge, Si Tang, Jiafeng Du, Haizhen Jiang, Tianyu Qiu, Daoxiong Wu, Jing Li, Hui Zhang, Jinlin Yang, Xinlong Tian","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2026.102699","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2026.102699","url":null,"abstract":"Because of their rich surface chemistry, two-dimensional (2D) layered materials are promising components of modification layers for Zn metal batteries. However, the mechanisms regulating the Zn deposition behavior in such batteries remain unknown. Here, we use MXenes as model materials to elucidate the role of surface chemistry in stabilizing Zn anodes. By screening 10 surface terminations of MXenes via theoretical and experimental methods, we identified chalcogen-terminated MXenes as ideal modification layers with high zincophilicities, ionic/electronic conductivities, and hydrogen evolution-inhibiting capabilities. Unique chalcogen-terminated surface and conductive MXene framework collectively promoted dendrite-free Zn deposition and inhibited parasitic reactions. Consequently, the MXene-modified layer enabled reversible Zn plating/stripping over 4,000 cycles with a high Coulombic efficiency (>99.8%). Furthermore, highly reversible Zn plating/stripping was also observed for other 2D layered materials with chalcogen surfaces. This study advances understanding of the surface chemistry of 2D layered materials and its ability to regulate metal deposition behavior.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"15 1","pages":"102699"},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147507189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-19DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2026.102676
Raphael F. Moral, Maher B. Alghalayini, Raushan N. Nurdillayeva, Do-Kyoung Lee, Tim Kodalle, Paulo E. Marchezi, David P. Fenning, Marcus M. Noack, Craig P. Schwartz, Carolin M. Sutter-Fella
Chiral 2D metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are promising for spin-optoelectronic applications, yet their absorption dissymmetry factor (gabs) exhibits significant variability due to complex, co-dependent structural and experimental factors. We established a data-driven framework using Pearson’s correlation, ANOVA, and Gaussian process regression to identify and model key synthesis “knobs” governing these properties. The analysis revealed that solvent choice is the primary factor driving variability. For acetonitrile-based films, gabs was maximized by optimizing annealing temperature and film thickness. Conversely, films from higher boiling point solvents showed complex dependencies on annealing temperature, excitonic integral intensity, and film texture. These statistical correlations provide a roadmap for the rational design of high-performance chiral MHPs and establish a foundation for future machine learning-driven material exploration.
{"title":"Absorption dissymmetry factor enhancement: A data-driven approach to unravel the synthesis knobs of chiral 2D perovskites","authors":"Raphael F. Moral, Maher B. Alghalayini, Raushan N. Nurdillayeva, Do-Kyoung Lee, Tim Kodalle, Paulo E. Marchezi, David P. Fenning, Marcus M. Noack, Craig P. Schwartz, Carolin M. Sutter-Fella","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2026.102676","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2026.102676","url":null,"abstract":"Chiral 2D metal halide perovskites (MHPs) are promising for spin-optoelectronic applications, yet their absorption dissymmetry factor (<em>g</em><sub><em>abs</em></sub>) exhibits significant variability due to complex, co-dependent structural and experimental factors. We established a data-driven framework using Pearson’s correlation, ANOVA, and Gaussian process regression to identify and model key synthesis “knobs” governing these properties. The analysis revealed that solvent choice is the primary factor driving variability. For acetonitrile-based films, <em>g</em><sub><em>abs</em></sub> was maximized by optimizing annealing temperature and film thickness. Conversely, films from higher boiling point solvents showed complex dependencies on annealing temperature, excitonic integral intensity, and film texture. These statistical correlations provide a roadmap for the rational design of high-performance chiral MHPs and establish a foundation for future machine learning-driven material exploration.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147492870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Large-area halide perovskite thick films offer significant potential for next-generation X-ray detectors. However, bias-induced ion migration at buried interfaces significantly degrades device performance. Here, we introduce an innovative buried interface engineering strategy by incorporating a low-polarity solution (ethyl acetate)-processable 1D perovskite (PBL4PbI6, PBL = pregabalin) as bottom contact layer, which simultaneously addresses three critical issues: (1) low-polarity ethyl acetate eliminates solvent residue, improving device repeatability and stability; (2) low lattice mismatch (≈1.3%) of underlying 1D layer enables high-quality crystalline growth of top 3D layer; (3) a built-in reverse electric field at 1D/3D heterostructure, enables efficient carrier extraction, while suppressing excessive field-induced ion migration. As a result, ion migration activation energy increases from 149 to 182 meV. The optimized detectors achieve a high sensitivity of 76,553 μC Gyair−1 cm−2 and a low detection limit of 9.5 nGyair s−1, outperforming most reported perovskite thick-film X-ray detectors based on interface engineering.
{"title":"Constructing reverse electric field by buried interfacial heterojunction engineering enables high-performance perovskite X-ray detectors","authors":"Yu-Chuang Fang, Yu-Hua Huang, Wei Wei, Su-Yan Zou, Cong-Yi Sheng, Xu-Dong Wang, Dai-Bin Kuang","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2026.102677","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2026.102677","url":null,"abstract":"Large-area halide perovskite thick films offer significant potential for next-generation X-ray detectors. However, bias-induced ion migration at buried interfaces significantly degrades device performance. Here, we introduce an innovative buried interface engineering strategy by incorporating a low-polarity solution (ethyl acetate)-processable 1D perovskite (PBL<sub>4</sub>PbI<sub>6</sub>, PBL = pregabalin) as bottom contact layer, which simultaneously addresses three critical issues: (1) low-polarity ethyl acetate eliminates solvent residue, improving device repeatability and stability; (2) low lattice mismatch (≈1.3%) of underlying 1D layer enables high-quality crystalline growth of top 3D layer; (3) a built-in reverse electric field at 1D/3D heterostructure, enables efficient carrier extraction, while suppressing excessive field-induced ion migration. As a result, ion migration activation energy increases from 149 to 182 meV. The optimized detectors achieve a high sensitivity of 76,553 μC Gy<sub>air</sub><sup>−1</sup> cm<sup>−2</sup> and a low detection limit of 9.5 nGy<sub>air</sub> s<sup>−1</sup>, outperforming most reported perovskite thick-film X-ray detectors based on interface engineering.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147479037","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2026.102715
Xu Li, Xin Luo, Chensen Li, Chong Zhang, Xiaoming Li, Jianxin Wang, Omar F. Mohammed, Bo Xu
Organic scintillators have recently emerged as promising candidates for next-generation radiation detection because of their unique advantages, including environmental benignity, low cost, high optical transparency, and compatibility with flexible device fabrication. Unlike conventional inorganic scintillators, organic scintillators benefit from immense molecular diversity, which enables tunable optical and electronic properties tailored to specific performance demands. Despite rapid progress, the fundamental molecular design principles and luminescence mechanisms underlying their operation remain insufficiently understood. In this review, we systematically summarize recent advances in the molecular design of organic scintillators for emerging imaging applications. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the luminescence centers and their roles in exciton generation, migration, and utilization as well as detailed discussions on how molecular structure design strategies influence key performance parameters such as light yield, response time, imaging resolution, and operational stability. Finally, we present an outlook on future molecular design strategies aimed at achieving high-performance organic scintillators with a focus on bridging fundamental photophysical understanding and practical device optimization. This review establishes a framework for correlating molecular structure with scintillation properties, thereby paving the way toward efficient, stable, and processable organic scintillators for next-generation radiation detection and broader radiation detection technologies.
{"title":"Organic scintillators for next-generation radiation detection: Principles of molecular design, mechanisms, and emerging applications","authors":"Xu Li, Xin Luo, Chensen Li, Chong Zhang, Xiaoming Li, Jianxin Wang, Omar F. Mohammed, Bo Xu","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2026.102715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2026.102715","url":null,"abstract":"Organic scintillators have recently emerged as promising candidates for next-generation radiation detection because of their unique advantages, including environmental benignity, low cost, high optical transparency, and compatibility with flexible device fabrication. Unlike conventional inorganic scintillators, organic scintillators benefit from immense molecular diversity, which enables tunable optical and electronic properties tailored to specific performance demands. Despite rapid progress, the fundamental molecular design principles and luminescence mechanisms underlying their operation remain insufficiently understood. In this review, we systematically summarize recent advances in the molecular design of organic scintillators for emerging imaging applications. We provide a comprehensive analysis of the luminescence centers and their roles in exciton generation, migration, and utilization as well as detailed discussions on how molecular structure design strategies influence key performance parameters such as light yield, response time, imaging resolution, and operational stability. Finally, we present an outlook on future molecular design strategies aimed at achieving high-performance organic scintillators with a focus on bridging fundamental photophysical understanding and practical device optimization. This review establishes a framework for correlating molecular structure with scintillation properties, thereby paving the way toward efficient, stable, and processable organic scintillators for next-generation radiation detection and broader radiation detection technologies.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"6 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147479038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2026.102704
Hehe Zhang, Ke Tong, Dmitri Zakharov, Min Wang, Menghao Yang, Judith Yang, Yongjun Tian, Guangwen Zhou, Lianfeng Zou
The macroscopic properties of oxide films are profoundly influenced by their formation during metal oxidation, yet the atomic-scale mechanisms governing these processes remain elusive. Using in situ environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM), we observe the real-time transitions from lateral oxide growth on bare metal surfaces to inward growth along the oxide-metal interface, demonstrating that atomic-scale surface steps critically regulate oxide film growth. Positive Ni steps, located above the NiO-Ni interface, facilitate lateral NiO growth by promoting surface adatom transport. Conversely, negative Ni steps, situated below the interface, redirect growth inward along the NiO-Ni interface. Atomistic simulations illuminate that positive step edges create asymmetric energy barriers favoring surface diffusion for lateral growth, whereas negative steps restrict adatom diffusion, driving inward interfacial growth. These insights highlight the critical influence of surface steps on oxidation mechanisms, offering a pathway for engineering metal surfaces to control oxide film formation and tailor macroscopic properties.
{"title":"Oxidation pathway selection directed by atomic surface steps","authors":"Hehe Zhang, Ke Tong, Dmitri Zakharov, Min Wang, Menghao Yang, Judith Yang, Yongjun Tian, Guangwen Zhou, Lianfeng Zou","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2026.102704","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2026.102704","url":null,"abstract":"The macroscopic properties of oxide films are profoundly influenced by their formation during metal oxidation, yet the atomic-scale mechanisms governing these processes remain elusive. Using <em>in situ</em> environmental transmission electron microscopy (ETEM), we observe the real-time transitions from lateral oxide growth on bare metal surfaces to inward growth along the oxide-metal interface, demonstrating that atomic-scale surface steps critically regulate oxide film growth. Positive Ni steps, located above the NiO-Ni interface, facilitate lateral NiO growth by promoting surface adatom transport. Conversely, negative Ni steps, situated below the interface, redirect growth inward along the NiO-Ni interface. Atomistic simulations illuminate that positive step edges create asymmetric energy barriers favoring surface diffusion for lateral growth, whereas negative steps restrict adatom diffusion, driving inward interfacial growth. These insights highlight the critical influence of surface steps on oxidation mechanisms, offering a pathway for engineering metal surfaces to control oxide film formation and tailor macroscopic properties.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"14 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147493025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-16DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2026.102716
Xuan Zhou, Haonan Wang, Jun Cheng, Yingsheng Liao, Zhen Zeng, Tiansheng Bai, Fengjun Ji, Weihao Xia, Wei Zhai, Dandan Gao, Jingyu Lu, Lijie Ci, Deping Li
Filler-reinforced composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) possess enhanced ionic conductivity but remain inadequate for dendrite suppression. Herein, anisotropic Li6.25Al0.25La3Zr2O12 (LALZO) nanosheets (LNSs) are introduced to address this problem. They are synthesized via an AI-screened small-molecule-templated sol-gel strategy. Descriptor-guided molecular screening identified sucrose and citric acid as a synergistic molecular couple, driving cooperative chelation-hydrogen-bond assembly and steering the two-dimensional crystallization of LALZO. Notably, this methodology exhibits broad versatility, extending to the synthesis of other 2D oxides such as LATP and Al2O3. Incorporated into CPEs, the LNSs establish continuous Li+ transport pathways, enhancing ionic conductivity. More importantly, the high-aspect-ratio LNSs enhance mechanical performance, and the 2D architectures form a brick-and-mortar-like skeleton that dissipates local stress and constructs physical barriers, collectively deflecting dendrite growth. This coupled electrochemical-mechanical enhancement enables stable cycling over 3,000 h with Li metal. Full cells with LiFePO4 cathodes retain 96.7% capacity after 300 cycles.
{"title":"AI-screened small-molecule templating effect enabling 2D architectures for dendrite-free lithium metal batteries","authors":"Xuan Zhou, Haonan Wang, Jun Cheng, Yingsheng Liao, Zhen Zeng, Tiansheng Bai, Fengjun Ji, Weihao Xia, Wei Zhai, Dandan Gao, Jingyu Lu, Lijie Ci, Deping Li","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2026.102716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2026.102716","url":null,"abstract":"Filler-reinforced composite polymer electrolytes (CPEs) possess enhanced ionic conductivity but remain inadequate for dendrite suppression. Herein, anisotropic Li<sub>6.25</sub>Al<sub>0.25</sub>La<sub>3</sub>Zr<sub>2</sub>O<sub>12</sub> (LALZO) nanosheets (LNSs) are introduced to address this problem. They are synthesized via an AI-screened small-molecule-templated sol-gel strategy. Descriptor-guided molecular screening identified sucrose and citric acid as a synergistic molecular couple, driving cooperative chelation-hydrogen-bond assembly and steering the two-dimensional crystallization of LALZO. Notably, this methodology exhibits broad versatility, extending to the synthesis of other 2D oxides such as LATP and Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Incorporated into CPEs, the LNSs establish continuous Li<sup>+</sup> transport pathways, enhancing ionic conductivity. More importantly, the high-aspect-ratio LNSs enhance mechanical performance, and the 2D architectures form a brick-and-mortar-like skeleton that dissipates local stress and constructs physical barriers, collectively deflecting dendrite growth. This coupled electrochemical-mechanical enhancement enables stable cycling over 3,000 h with Li metal. Full cells with LiFePO<sub>4</sub> cathodes retain 96.7% capacity after 300 cycles.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147461926","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2026-03-16DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2026.102672
Huanhuan Liu, Hongyu Guo, Yuanyuan Zheng, Lei Ye, Chengsheng Gui, Liqiong Zhuo, Zhiqiang Zhuo, Ya Huang, Zhaohui Wang, Huisheng Peng, Bingjie Wang
Wearable electronic textiles no longer resemble a single type of material. Instead, they are more analogous to electronic systems such as mobile phones or computers. Consequently, it is highly essential to conduct a comprehensive review of this field from the materials, devices, to systems. Hence, this perspective summarizes the materials, designs, and integration strategies that underpin modern e-textiles, while outlining current challenges and future directions. First, we begin with a brief review of the evolution of e-textiles, from early single-function devices to complex, multifunction systems. Then, the key materials and devices required for developing integrated e-textile systems are summarized across five core functionalities: sensing, energy harvesting and storage, feedback, communication, and computation. Moreover, the latest advancements in the system-level integration have been highlighted and summarized in focus. Finally, the emerging applications have been discussed in detail, aiming to provide new insights and strategic directions for researchers in the fields of wearable electronics, smart textiles, and next-generation human-machine interfaces.
{"title":"Industrialization exploration of wearable electronic textiles: From materials, devices, to systems","authors":"Huanhuan Liu, Hongyu Guo, Yuanyuan Zheng, Lei Ye, Chengsheng Gui, Liqiong Zhuo, Zhiqiang Zhuo, Ya Huang, Zhaohui Wang, Huisheng Peng, Bingjie Wang","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2026.102672","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2026.102672","url":null,"abstract":"Wearable electronic textiles no longer resemble a single type of material. Instead, they are more analogous to electronic systems such as mobile phones or computers. Consequently, it is highly essential to conduct a comprehensive review of this field from the materials, devices, to systems. Hence, this perspective summarizes the materials, designs, and integration strategies that underpin modern e-textiles, while outlining current challenges and future directions. First, we begin with a brief review of the evolution of e-textiles, from early single-function devices to complex, multifunction systems. Then, the key materials and devices required for developing integrated e-textile systems are summarized across five core functionalities: sensing, energy harvesting and storage, feedback, communication, and computation. Moreover, the latest advancements in the system-level integration have been highlighted and summarized in focus. Finally, the emerging applications have been discussed in detail, aiming to provide new insights and strategic directions for researchers in the fields of wearable electronics, smart textiles, and next-generation human-machine interfaces.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"50 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"147471773","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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