Pub Date : 2025-03-24DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102057
Zhi-Guang Guo, Peng-Qi Xiong, Hai-Feng Nan, Ding-Xiang Yan, Gan-Ji Zhong, Jun Lei, Zhong-Ming Li
Radiative cooling coating (RCC) provides a sustainable pathway for thermal management. However, the spectrally engineered RCC’s thermal regulation behavior relies heavily on clear weather, limiting the development of its adaptive thermal management performance and high cooling power. Inspired by the skin’s thermo-regulation, we report a bionic skin meta-gel coating (BSMC) with an adaptive spectrum and moisture modulation capability through hierarchical structure design and localized molecular confinement engineering. Autonomous thermal regulation and high cooling power are attained for the BSMC. Compared to conventional RCC, the BSMC achieves superior cooling performance (a reduction of 4°C) at high temperatures. Conversely, the BSMC can heat a space via photo-thermal effect at low temperatures. Moreover, the BSMC addresses heat accumulation in thermal camouflage nets. According to calculations, the BSMC improves cooling power by 233 W/m2 and significantly decreases global CO2 emissions by 1.9 billion tons/year. The BSMC solves the bottleneck of RCCs and promotes global low-carbon development.
{"title":"Biomimetic, hierarchical-programmed gel coating for adaptive and sustainable thermal modulation","authors":"Zhi-Guang Guo, Peng-Qi Xiong, Hai-Feng Nan, Ding-Xiang Yan, Gan-Ji Zhong, Jun Lei, Zhong-Ming Li","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102057","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2025.102057","url":null,"abstract":"Radiative cooling coating (RCC) provides a sustainable pathway for thermal management. However, the spectrally engineered RCC’s thermal regulation behavior relies heavily on clear weather, limiting the development of its adaptive thermal management performance and high cooling power. Inspired by the skin’s thermo-regulation, we report a bionic skin meta-gel coating (BSMC) with an adaptive spectrum and moisture modulation capability through hierarchical structure design and localized molecular confinement engineering. Autonomous thermal regulation and high cooling power are attained for the BSMC. Compared to conventional RCC, the BSMC achieves superior cooling performance (a reduction of 4°C) at high temperatures. Conversely, the BSMC can heat a space via photo-thermal effect at low temperatures. Moreover, the BSMC addresses heat accumulation in thermal camouflage nets. According to calculations, the BSMC improves cooling power by 233 W/m<sup>2</sup> and significantly decreases global CO<sub>2</sub> emissions by 1.9 billion tons/year. The BSMC solves the bottleneck of RCCs and promotes global low-carbon development.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143678119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The development of particulate electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitter with high efficiency is challenging due to either the low electrochemical reaction efficiency for nanoparticles with larger sizes or the low quantum efficiency of molecular luminophores in aggregated forms. While the synthesis of aggregation-induced electrochemiluminescence (AI-ECL) luminophores with high quantum efficiency requires complicated procedures, a supramolecular strategy is proposed for constructing multicomponent nanoaggregates with co-emissive ECL. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active tetraphenylethylene (TPE) was used as a molecular matrix to disperse the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) luminophores with high quantum efficiency, boron dipyrromethene (BDP), and rhodamine B (RhB). Co-emissions of both molecular matrix and doped luminophores were achieved. The synergistic effects of the supramolecular interactions for enhancement of emission efficiency were confirmed by spectral measurement and molecular dynamic simulation. Small nanoaggregates with higher ECL efficiency were prepared on microfluidic chips and were used as nanolabels for sensitive ECL immunoassays.
{"title":"Multicomponent supramolecular nanoaggregates with co-emissive electrochemiluminescence","authors":"Li Dai, Jinglong Fang, Tong Jiang, Qi Li, Xiang Ren, Yuyang Li, Dan Wu, Hongmin Ma, Jianping Lei, Huangxian Ju, Qin Wei","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2025.102056","url":null,"abstract":"The development of particulate electrochemiluminescence (ECL) emitter with high efficiency is challenging due to either the low electrochemical reaction efficiency for nanoparticles with larger sizes or the low quantum efficiency of molecular luminophores in aggregated forms. While the synthesis of aggregation-induced electrochemiluminescence (AI-ECL) luminophores with high quantum efficiency requires complicated procedures, a supramolecular strategy is proposed for constructing multicomponent nanoaggregates with co-emissive ECL. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) active tetraphenylethylene (TPE) was used as a molecular matrix to disperse the aggregation-caused quenching (ACQ) luminophores with high quantum efficiency, boron dipyrromethene (BDP), and rhodamine B (RhB). Co-emissions of both molecular matrix and doped luminophores were achieved. The synergistic effects of the supramolecular interactions for enhancement of emission efficiency were confirmed by spectral measurement and molecular dynamic simulation. Small nanoaggregates with higher ECL efficiency were prepared on microfluidic chips and were used as nanolabels for sensitive ECL immunoassays.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"126 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143654036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-18DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102086
Yuncong Pang, Yang Li, Yuzhe Gu, Benfei Xu, Zihan Zhu, Xiaotian Wang, Yuan Liao, Liya Huang, Qiang Zhao
Good-quality sleep is essential for health, yet obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) underscores the limitations of traditional polysomnography, which is costly, complex, and often uncomfortable. Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) offer a promising solution for sleep monitoring due to their high transconductance; however, limitations in stretchability, long-term stability, and intelligent data analysis hinder their broader application. Here, a high-performance stretchable OECT that combines a biocompatible ionic liquid-modified conducting polymer channel with an ionogel electrolyte is developed, addressing the trade-off between performance and wearability. This OECT achieves exceptional transconductance (∼2.1 mS), mechanical resilience (30% strain), and long-term stability (>6 months), enabling high-fidelity electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 35.7 dB. Through the integration of circuit boards and deep learning algorithms, we have established a wearable, stable, and highly accurate wireless system capable of detecting OSA events from single-lead ECG signals, presenting a novel approach for reliable and portable sleep monitoring.
{"title":"Stretchable organic electrochemical transistors for sustained high-fidelity electrophysiology and deep learning-assisted sleep monitoring","authors":"Yuncong Pang, Yang Li, Yuzhe Gu, Benfei Xu, Zihan Zhu, Xiaotian Wang, Yuan Liao, Liya Huang, Qiang Zhao","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102086","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2025.102086","url":null,"abstract":"Good-quality sleep is essential for health, yet obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) underscores the limitations of traditional polysomnography, which is costly, complex, and often uncomfortable. Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) offer a promising solution for sleep monitoring due to their high transconductance; however, limitations in stretchability, long-term stability, and intelligent data analysis hinder their broader application. Here, a high-performance stretchable OECT that combines a biocompatible ionic liquid-modified conducting polymer channel with an ionogel electrolyte is developed, addressing the trade-off between performance and wearability. This OECT achieves exceptional transconductance (∼2.1 mS), mechanical resilience (30% strain), and long-term stability (>6 months), enabling high-fidelity electrocardiography (ECG) monitoring with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 35.7 dB. Through the integration of circuit boards and deep learning algorithms, we have established a wearable, stable, and highly accurate wireless system capable of detecting OSA events from single-lead ECG signals, presenting a novel approach for reliable and portable sleep monitoring.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143640982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Declining birth rates and widespread infertility highlight the urgency of addressing the global population crisis. Despite advancements in in vitro fertilization (IVF) embryo transfer, low implantation rates due to uterine peristalsis and insufficient embryo-endometrium interaction leads to low pregnancy rate and live births. We introduce a personalized, 3D-printed cervical plugging device (CervPlug), tailored to individual cervical dimensions. This non-invasive, patient-friendly intervention effectively improves embryo residence time in the uterus, enhancing embryo-endometrium contact and achieving efficient live births. Moreover, CervPlug also facilitates biological regulation by integrating a supramolecular phenolic nanocomplex composed of green tea polyphenol and Zn2+ ions. This enables controlled release of progesterone, reduces cervical inflammation, and lowers intra-embryonic reactive oxygen species (ROS). In vivo experiments demonstrate that CervPlug significantly increases implantation rates from 45% to 65% and live births, with no significant adverse effects on the reproductive system. This biomaterial-driven strategy offers a safer, less intrusive alternative in reproductive medicine.
{"title":"Personalized cervical plug combines mechanical and biological regulation for enhanced embryo implantation and live births","authors":"Mei Chen, Mengyuan Dai, Gonghua Hong, Fangyuan Li, Yue Wu, Yiran Pu, Jialing Liu, Yaoyao Zhang, Wei Huang, Junling Guo","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102043","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2025.102043","url":null,"abstract":"Declining birth rates and widespread infertility highlight the urgency of addressing the global population crisis. Despite advancements in <em>in vitro</em> fertilization (IVF) embryo transfer, low implantation rates due to uterine peristalsis and insufficient embryo-endometrium interaction leads to low pregnancy rate and live births. We introduce a personalized, 3D-printed cervical plugging device (CervPlug), tailored to individual cervical dimensions. This non-invasive, patient-friendly intervention effectively improves embryo residence time in the uterus, enhancing embryo-endometrium contact and achieving efficient live births. Moreover, CervPlug also facilitates biological regulation by integrating a supramolecular phenolic nanocomplex composed of green tea polyphenol and Zn<sup>2+</sup> ions. This enables controlled release of progesterone, reduces cervical inflammation, and lowers intra-embryonic reactive oxygen species (ROS). <em>In vivo</em> experiments demonstrate that CervPlug significantly increases implantation rates from 45% to 65% and live births, with no significant adverse effects on the reproductive system. This biomaterial-driven strategy offers a safer, less intrusive alternative in reproductive medicine.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143640981","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102051
Yannik Zemp, Ehsan Hassanpour, Yusuke Tokunaga, Yasujiro Taguchi, Yoshinori Tokura, Thomas Lottermoser, Mads C. Weber, Manfred Fiebig
Compared with the surrounding bulk, the domain walls of materials exhibiting spontaneous long-range order exhibit significant changes in properties. The conducting domain walls in ferroelectrics are of great interest, for example, for their potential in rewriteable electric circuits. In contrast, it is rarely discussed that a ferroic material may also exhibit ferroic phases that are stable in the domain walls but not in the surrounding bulk material. Using Faraday rotation microscopy and second harmonic generation, we show that the domain walls in the antiferromagnetic and non-polar phase of carry spontaneous magnetization and spontaneous polarization. By optical deconvolution, we find a stable width, magnetization, and polarization, supporting the wall-like nature. Magnetic domain formation within the walls is visualized, and magnetic and electric wall-domain switching is concluded from field-poling experiments. With our study, we thus provide visual evidence of the existence of multiferroic domain walls in a non-multiferroic environment.
{"title":"Imaging of a multiferroic domain wall in a non-multiferroic environment","authors":"Yannik Zemp, Ehsan Hassanpour, Yusuke Tokunaga, Yasujiro Taguchi, Yoshinori Tokura, Thomas Lottermoser, Mads C. Weber, Manfred Fiebig","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102051","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2025.102051","url":null,"abstract":"Compared with the surrounding bulk, the domain walls of materials exhibiting spontaneous long-range order exhibit significant changes in properties. The conducting domain walls in ferroelectrics are of great interest, for example, for their potential in rewriteable electric circuits. In contrast, it is rarely discussed that a ferroic material may also exhibit ferroic phases that are stable in the domain walls but not in the surrounding bulk material. Using Faraday rotation microscopy and second harmonic generation, we show that the domain walls in the antiferromagnetic and non-polar phase of <span><math><msub is=\"true\"><mtext is=\"true\">Dy</mtext><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">0</mn><mo is=\"true\">.</mo><mn is=\"true\">7</mn></mrow></msub><msub is=\"true\"><mtext is=\"true\">Tb</mtext><mrow is=\"true\"><mn is=\"true\">0</mn><mo is=\"true\">.</mo><mn is=\"true\">3</mn></mrow></msub><mtext is=\"true\">Fe</mtext><msub is=\"true\"><mtext is=\"true\">O</mtext><mn is=\"true\">3</mn></msub></math></span> carry spontaneous magnetization and spontaneous polarization. By optical deconvolution, we find a stable width, magnetization, and polarization, supporting the wall-like nature. Magnetic domain formation within the walls is visualized, and magnetic and electric wall-domain switching is concluded from field-poling experiments. With our study, we thus provide visual evidence of the existence of multiferroic domain walls in a non-multiferroic environment.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"108 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102044
Bochen Zhao, Zeqin Xin, Yi-Chi Wang, Chenghui Wu, Wenxin Wang, Run Shi, Ruixuan Peng, Yonghuang Wu, Longlong Xu, Ting Pan, Zonglin Li, Lin Gu, Kai Liu
Two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMDC)-based artificial synaptic devices are promising for neuromorphic computing. However, 2D TMDCs are difficult to heavily dope reversibly, which limits their resistive switching performances. Inspired by the biological gas-receptor signaling pathway, we report a gas (H2O)-receptor (defect) synergistic interaction (GRSI) mechanism to greatly enhance the resistive switching capabilities of 2D TMDC-based memristors by over 10,000 times. Employing the GRSI, the synaptic device emulates multiple synaptic plasticities and exhibits outstanding long-term potentiation and depression with a large dynamic range (>200), multiple resistance states (28 levels), and ultralow programming/reading powers (Pprog < 100 pW, Pread < 1 pW). As an artificial nociceptor, the device precisely simulates characteristic behaviors of biological nociceptors. More importantly, the GRSI is universally applicable to various 2D TMDCs including MoS2, WS2, SnS2, and ReS2. This work provides a bioinspired solution to high-performance, multifunctional 2D neuromorphic devices, stepping further toward their practical applications.
{"title":"Bioinspired gas-receptor synergistic interaction for high-performance two-dimensional neuromorphic devices","authors":"Bochen Zhao, Zeqin Xin, Yi-Chi Wang, Chenghui Wu, Wenxin Wang, Run Shi, Ruixuan Peng, Yonghuang Wu, Longlong Xu, Ting Pan, Zonglin Li, Lin Gu, Kai Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2025.102044","url":null,"abstract":"Two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMDC)-based artificial synaptic devices are promising for neuromorphic computing. However, 2D TMDCs are difficult to heavily dope reversibly, which limits their resistive switching performances. Inspired by the biological gas-receptor signaling pathway, we report a gas (H<sub>2</sub>O)-receptor (defect) synergistic interaction (GRSI) mechanism to greatly enhance the resistive switching capabilities of 2D TMDC-based memristors by over 10,000 times. Employing the GRSI, the synaptic device emulates multiple synaptic plasticities and exhibits outstanding long-term potentiation and depression with a large dynamic range (>200), multiple resistance states (2<sup>8</sup> levels), and ultralow programming/reading powers (<em>P</em><sub>prog</sub> < 100 pW, <em>P</em><sub>read</sub> < 1 pW). As an artificial nociceptor, the device precisely simulates characteristic behaviors of biological nociceptors. More importantly, the GRSI is universally applicable to various 2D TMDCs including MoS<sub>2</sub>, WS<sub>2</sub>, SnS<sub>2</sub>, and ReS<sub>2</sub>. This work provides a bioinspired solution to high-performance, multifunctional 2D neuromorphic devices, stepping further toward their practical applications.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the natural world, microorganisms constantly navigate through confined spaces—such as those found in tissues, biological gels, and soil—yet their behavior in such environments remains poorly understood. Here, we explore this phenomenon by examining the navigation of magnetic microalgal biohybrids in constrained microenvironments. By leveraging the inherent propulsion of green microalgae and external steering capabilities acquired through the magnetization of microalgal cells, our biohybrids exhibit efficient navigation in viscous and confined microenvironments. Through high-yield fabrication and magnetic manipulation, we show precise control over their movement. Our findings reveal distinct navigation patterns influenced by magnetic guidance, namely backtracking and crossing, shedding light on the unexplored dynamics of confined locomotion assisted by magnetism. Our work highlights the significance of understanding microalgal biohybrid swimming behavior, offering crucial insights for future biotechnological and biomedical applications requiring precise navigation in confined environments.
{"title":"Navigating microalgal biohybrids through confinements with magnetic guidance","authors":"Mukrime Birgul Akolpoglu, Saadet Fatma Baltaci, Ugur Bozuyuk, Selcan Karaz, Metin Sitti","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102052","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2025.102052","url":null,"abstract":"In the natural world, microorganisms constantly navigate through confined spaces—such as those found in tissues, biological gels, and soil—yet their behavior in such environments remains poorly understood. Here, we explore this phenomenon by examining the navigation of magnetic microalgal biohybrids in constrained microenvironments. By leveraging the inherent propulsion of green microalgae and external steering capabilities acquired through the magnetization of microalgal cells, our biohybrids exhibit efficient navigation in viscous and confined microenvironments. Through high-yield fabrication and magnetic manipulation, we show precise control over their movement. Our findings reveal distinct navigation patterns influenced by magnetic guidance, namely backtracking and crossing, shedding light on the unexplored dynamics of confined locomotion assisted by magnetism. Our work highlights the significance of understanding microalgal biohybrid swimming behavior, offering crucial insights for future biotechnological and biomedical applications requiring precise navigation in confined environments.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"55 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635766","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102049
Dylan M. Barber, Michael D. Nelwood, Jennifer A. Lewis
Zwitterions (ZIs) are emerging candidates for soft dielectrics but are limited by high melting points (Tm), glass transition temperatures (Tg), and viscosities (η) dramatically exceeding those of ionic liquids. To overcome these limitations, we synthesized 18 imidazolium-derived zwitterions with systematically varied composition at the (1) imidazolium tail (Rt), (2) imidazolium 2 position (R2), (3) inter-charge spacer (Rs), and (4) anion (Ra). We found that long, flexible spacers yield stable zwitterionic liquids (ZILs), which we attribute to amplified entropy of fusion. Remarkably, stable ZILs with an elongated (6–16 atom length) inter-charge spacer, flexible tail, and a CF3-sulfonimide anion are 100- to 500-fold less viscous at room temperature than a benchmark supercooled ZI with a 4-atom spacer and a sulfonate anion. Moreover, these previously unreported ZILs exhibit high permittivities ranging from εr,s = 290 (6-atom spacers) to εr,s = 404 (16-atom spacers), highlighting the promise of this class of polarizable soft matter.
{"title":"Rational design and synthesis of zwitterionic liquid dielectrics","authors":"Dylan M. Barber, Michael D. Nelwood, Jennifer A. Lewis","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102049","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2025.102049","url":null,"abstract":"Zwitterions (ZIs) are emerging candidates for soft dielectrics but are limited by high melting points (<em>T</em><sub><em>m</em></sub>), glass transition temperatures (<em>T</em><sub><em>g</em></sub>), and viscosities (<em>η</em>) dramatically exceeding those of ionic liquids. To overcome these limitations, we synthesized 18 imidazolium-derived zwitterions with systematically varied composition at the (1) imidazolium tail (R<sub>t</sub>), (2) imidazolium 2 position (R<sub>2</sub>), (3) inter-charge spacer (R<sub>s</sub>), and (4) anion (R<sub>a</sub>). We found that long, flexible spacers yield stable zwitterionic liquids (ZILs), which we attribute to amplified entropy of fusion. Remarkably, stable ZILs with an elongated (6–16 atom length) inter-charge spacer, flexible tail, and a CF<sub>3</sub>-sulfonimide anion are 100- to 500-fold less viscous at room temperature than a benchmark supercooled ZI with a 4-atom spacer and a sulfonate anion. Moreover, these previously unreported ZILs exhibit high permittivities ranging from <em>ε</em><sub><em>r,s</em></sub> = 290 (6-atom spacers) to <em>ε</em><sub><em>r,s</em></sub> = 404 (16-atom spacers), highlighting the promise of this class of polarizable soft matter.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2025-03-17DOI: 10.1016/j.matt.2025.102054
Hang Yang, Yichong Wang, Yongjun Jang, Kevin Shani, Quan Jiao, Michael Peters, Kevin Kit Parker, Joost J. Vlassak
Natural structural materials often feature intricate hierarchical architectures across various scales, from nanometers to hundreds of microns, resulting in exceptional strength, toughness, and flaw insensitivity. However, achieving similar microstructures in engineering materials remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we combine the wet rotary jet spinning (WRJS) system with a salting-out process to fabricate highly anisotropic fibrous poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels with controlled crystallinity and interfacial adhesion between fibers. We engineered hydrogels to emulate the mechanical characteristics of structural materials in nature. The resulting materials demonstrate excellent anisotropic alignment at both the molecular and fiber scales. By controlling adhesion between fibers, we obtain a compact material that is more ductile than both of the individual fibers of which it is composed and isotropic bulk PVA. Overall, these fibrous hydrogels exhibit mechanical properties comparable to various natural tissues, offering significant potential for applications in soft devices and tissue engineering.
{"title":"Biomimetic hierarchical fibrous hydrogels with high alignment and flaw insensitivity","authors":"Hang Yang, Yichong Wang, Yongjun Jang, Kevin Shani, Quan Jiao, Michael Peters, Kevin Kit Parker, Joost J. Vlassak","doi":"10.1016/j.matt.2025.102054","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matt.2025.102054","url":null,"abstract":"Natural structural materials often feature intricate hierarchical architectures across various scales, from nanometers to hundreds of microns, resulting in exceptional strength, toughness, and flaw insensitivity. However, achieving similar microstructures in engineering materials remains a formidable challenge. In this study, we combine the wet rotary jet spinning (WRJS) system with a salting-out process to fabricate highly anisotropic fibrous poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels with controlled crystallinity and interfacial adhesion between fibers. We engineered hydrogels to emulate the mechanical characteristics of structural materials in nature. The resulting materials demonstrate excellent anisotropic alignment at both the molecular and fiber scales. By controlling adhesion between fibers, we obtain a compact material that is more ductile than both of the individual fibers of which it is composed and isotropic bulk PVA. Overall, these fibrous hydrogels exhibit mechanical properties comparable to various natural tissues, offering significant potential for applications in soft devices and tissue engineering.","PeriodicalId":388,"journal":{"name":"Matter","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":18.9,"publicationDate":"2025-03-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"143635763","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"材料科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pt and its derivatives, with their high reactivity and stability, are ideal electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Despite being the industrial standard in HERs, high current densities remain prohibitive due to the increased risk of leaching. Here, we report a practical and scalable strategy to prepare extremely stable Pt-based electrodes employing porous aromatic framework (PAF-260, -261, and -264) membranes instead of commercial Nafion binders to render fully exposed Pt nanocatalysts as well as faster electron and mass transfer. All electrodes exhibit excellent HER performances, continuously operating for more than 1,000 h at ampere-level current densities without losing activity. The precise placement of Pt-anchoring sulfur functionalities throughout the porous framework enables the homogeneous distribution of electrocatalysts that deliver continuous production of hydrogen, even in highly alkaline environments. The design principles from this study could unravel robust electrolyzers that could accelerate the transition to renewable fuels.
铂及其衍生物具有高反应活性和稳定性，是氢进化反应（HER）的理想电催化剂。尽管已成为氢进化反应的工业标准，但由于沥滤风险的增加，高电流密度仍然令人望而却步。在此，我们报告了一种实用且可扩展的策略，即采用多孔芳香族框架（PAF-260、-261 和 -264）膜代替商用 Nafion 粘合剂来制备极其稳定的铂基电极，从而使铂纳米催化剂充分暴露，并加快电子和质量传输。所有电极都表现出卓越的 HER 性能，可在安培级电流密度下连续工作 1000 小时以上而不会失去活性。在整个多孔框架中精确放置铂锚定硫官能团，可实现电催化剂的均匀分布，即使在高碱性环境中也能持续产生氢气。这项研究的设计原则可以开发出坚固耐用的电解器，加快向可再生燃料的过渡。
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