The Role of Social Capital in Depression During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Abstract: Depression remains a major concern during the COVID-19 pandemic. Social capital provides support for those struggling with this condition. However, we know little about its multidimensional role as a correlate of mental health. We collected data from 896 participants in three major cities in the United States, Brazil, and Japan between December 31, 2020, and March 3, 2021. Using these data, we conducted a multiple linear regression for correlates with depression measured with the PHQ-4 using social cohesion and controls for demographic factors, such as age and gender. Bonding social capital strongly correlated with depression across the three cultures, while other factors varied according to the location. In Brazil and the United States, a substantial correlate was age. To manage the high prevalence of depression, policymakers should encourage strong social ties within communities.