太阳能电池板下异质冠层作物冠层温度建模

Jérôme Chopard, Gerardo Lopez, S. Persello, Damien Fumey
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摘要

随着全球变暖和热浪频发,保护农作物已成为当务之急。农业光伏系统通过用光伏板为植物遮阳来降低树冠的温度,从而解决这一问题。然而,永久遮阳会导致植物碳的大量流失。因此,动态农业光伏系统(AVD)应运而生,其光电板可根据植物的需要进行实时调节。适时遮阳并非易事,有可能会错过炎热天气,对植物造成严重的、不可逆转的伤害,或者遮阳过于频繁,影响碳生产。在本文中,我们首先介绍了 2020 年和 2021 年两个夏季在葡萄树冠不同位置测量叶片温度的实验。然后,介绍了作物模型中的能量平衡子模型部分,该模型模拟了在异质 AVD 环境中生长的果树和葡萄树的植物生长情况。最后,在评估了模型与实验结果的一致性后,通过几个例子说明了机械模型在引导太阳能电池板和保护植物免受热量影响方面的相关性。模型正确再现了实地实验中观察到的树冠内温度的异质性,这种异质性与空气和地面温度、叶片方向和自遮阳等不同变量有关。这项工作表明,树冠温度比唯一的气温阈值更能综合决定面板的朝向,以保护植物免受热胁迫。
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Modelling Canopy Temperature of Crops With Heterogeneous Canopies Grown Under Solar Panels
With global warming and the increase of heatwaves frequencies, it has become urgent to protect crops. Agrivoltaic systems tackle this issue by shading plants with photovoltaic panels to lower the temperature of canopies. However, a permanent shading would lead to an important loss of carbon for plants. For this reason, dynamic agrivoltaic systems (AVD) emerged with panels which could be steered in real time according to the needs of plants. Shading at the right time is not that easy with the risk to either miss a hot event and cause serious and irreversible injuries to the plants or shade too often, and impact carbon production. In this paper we present first an experiment with measurements of leaf temperature at different positions of grapevine canopy for two summer days in 2020 and 2021. Then, the energy balance sub-model part of a crop model that simulate plant growth for fruit trees and vines grown in heterogeneous AVD environments is presented. Finally, after having evaluated the coherence of the model with experimental results, the relevance of a mechanistic model to steer solar panels and protect plants from heat is illustrated through several examples. The heterogeneity of temperature within the canopy observed in the field experiments related with different variables such as air and ground temperature, leaf orientation and self-shading was correctly reproduced by the model. This work indicated that canopy temperature could be more integrative than a unique threshold of air temperature to take decisions on panel orientation to protect plants from heat stress.
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