Andrea Lukova, Christopher J. Dunmore, Sebastian Bachmann, Alexander Synek, Dieter H. Pahr, Tracy L. Kivell, Matthew M. Skinner
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We test two predictions: (1) that differing locomotor behaviours will be reflected in differing trabecular architecture of the distal femur across <i>Homo</i>, <i>Pan</i>, <i>Gorilla</i> and <i>Pongo</i>; (2) that trabecular architecture will significantly differ between male and female <i>Gorilla</i> due to their different levels of arboreality but not between male and female <i>Pan</i> or <i>Homo</i> based on previous studies of locomotor behaviours. Results indicate that trabecular architecture differs among extant great apes based on their locomotor repertoires. The relative bone volume and degree of anisotropy patterns found reflect habitual use of extended knee postures during bipedalism in <i>Homo</i>, and habitual use of flexed knee posture during terrestrial and arboreal locomotion in <i>Pan</i> and <i>Gorilla</i>. Trabecular architecture in <i>Pongo</i> is consistent with a highly mobile knee joint that may vary in posture from extension to full flexion. Within <i>Gorilla</i>, trabecular architecture suggests a different loading of knee in extension/flexion between females and males, but no sex differences were found in <i>Pan</i> or <i>Homo</i>, supporting our predictions. Inter- and intra-specific variation in trabecular architecture of distal femur provides a comparative context to interpret knee postures and, in turn, locomotor behaviours in fossil hominins.</p>","PeriodicalId":14971,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Anatomy","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.8000,"publicationDate":"2024-02-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/joa.14026","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Trabecular architecture of the distal femur in extant hominids\",\"authors\":\"Andrea Lukova, Christopher J. Dunmore, Sebastian Bachmann, Alexander Synek, Dieter H. Pahr, Tracy L. Kivell, Matthew M. Skinner\",\"doi\":\"10.1111/joa.14026\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p>Extant great apes are characterized by a wide range of locomotor, postural and manipulative behaviours that each require the limbs to be used in different ways. In addition to external bone morphology, comparative investigation of trabecular bone, which (re-)models to reflect loads incurred during life, can provide novel insights into bone functional adaptation. Here, we use canonical holistic morphometric analysis (cHMA) to analyse the trabecular morphology in the distal femoral epiphysis of <i>Homo sapiens</i> (<i>n</i> = 26), <i>Gorilla gorilla</i> (<i>n</i> = 14), <i>Pan troglodytes</i> (n = 15) and <i>Pongo</i> sp. (<i>n</i> = 9). We test two predictions: (1) that differing locomotor behaviours will be reflected in differing trabecular architecture of the distal femur across <i>Homo</i>, <i>Pan</i>, <i>Gorilla</i> and <i>Pongo</i>; (2) that trabecular architecture will significantly differ between male and female <i>Gorilla</i> due to their different levels of arboreality but not between male and female <i>Pan</i> or <i>Homo</i> based on previous studies of locomotor behaviours. Results indicate that trabecular architecture differs among extant great apes based on their locomotor repertoires. The relative bone volume and degree of anisotropy patterns found reflect habitual use of extended knee postures during bipedalism in <i>Homo</i>, and habitual use of flexed knee posture during terrestrial and arboreal locomotion in <i>Pan</i> and <i>Gorilla</i>. Trabecular architecture in <i>Pongo</i> is consistent with a highly mobile knee joint that may vary in posture from extension to full flexion. Within <i>Gorilla</i>, trabecular architecture suggests a different loading of knee in extension/flexion between females and males, but no sex differences were found in <i>Pan</i> or <i>Homo</i>, supporting our predictions. 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Trabecular architecture of the distal femur in extant hominids
Extant great apes are characterized by a wide range of locomotor, postural and manipulative behaviours that each require the limbs to be used in different ways. In addition to external bone morphology, comparative investigation of trabecular bone, which (re-)models to reflect loads incurred during life, can provide novel insights into bone functional adaptation. Here, we use canonical holistic morphometric analysis (cHMA) to analyse the trabecular morphology in the distal femoral epiphysis of Homo sapiens (n = 26), Gorilla gorilla (n = 14), Pan troglodytes (n = 15) and Pongo sp. (n = 9). We test two predictions: (1) that differing locomotor behaviours will be reflected in differing trabecular architecture of the distal femur across Homo, Pan, Gorilla and Pongo; (2) that trabecular architecture will significantly differ between male and female Gorilla due to their different levels of arboreality but not between male and female Pan or Homo based on previous studies of locomotor behaviours. Results indicate that trabecular architecture differs among extant great apes based on their locomotor repertoires. The relative bone volume and degree of anisotropy patterns found reflect habitual use of extended knee postures during bipedalism in Homo, and habitual use of flexed knee posture during terrestrial and arboreal locomotion in Pan and Gorilla. Trabecular architecture in Pongo is consistent with a highly mobile knee joint that may vary in posture from extension to full flexion. Within Gorilla, trabecular architecture suggests a different loading of knee in extension/flexion between females and males, but no sex differences were found in Pan or Homo, supporting our predictions. Inter- and intra-specific variation in trabecular architecture of distal femur provides a comparative context to interpret knee postures and, in turn, locomotor behaviours in fossil hominins.
期刊介绍:
Journal of Anatomy is an international peer-reviewed journal sponsored by the Anatomical Society. The journal publishes original papers, invited review articles and book reviews. Its main focus is to understand anatomy through an analysis of structure, function, development and evolution. Priority will be given to studies of that clearly articulate their relevance to the anatomical community. Focal areas include: experimental studies, contributions based on molecular and cell biology and on the application of modern imaging techniques and papers with novel methods or synthetic perspective on an anatomical system.
Studies that are essentially descriptive anatomy are appropriate only if they communicate clearly a broader functional or evolutionary significance. You must clearly state the broader implications of your work in the abstract.
We particularly welcome submissions in the following areas:
Cell biology and tissue architecture
Comparative functional morphology
Developmental biology
Evolutionary developmental biology
Evolutionary morphology
Functional human anatomy
Integrative vertebrate paleontology
Methodological innovations in anatomical research
Musculoskeletal system
Neuroanatomy and neurodegeneration
Significant advances in anatomical education.