Risk of Sarcopenia and Osteoporosis in Elderly Male Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: A Multicenter Study

The aim of this study was to assess the risk of sarcopenia and osteoporosis in elderly patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). We recruited both OSAS patients and non-OSAS subjects from multiple centers and evaluated their skeletal muscle index (SMI), bone mineral density (BMD), and inflammatory factors. All participants underwent polysomnography (PSG) testing, handgrip strength testing, chest CT, and dual-energy x-ray BMD testing. Based on the PSG diagnosis results, the participants were divided into a control group and an OSAS group. The analysis results revealed a higher incidence of sarcopenia in the OSAS group (χ² = 22.367; P = 0.000) and osteoporosis (χ² = 11.730^a; P = 0.001). There were statistically significant differences in BMI (P = 0.000), grip strength (P = 0.000), SMI (P = 0.000), bone density (P = 0.000) and vitamin D (P = 0.000). The independent sample t test results showed that there was no statistical difference between IL-6 (P = 0.247) and CRP (P = 0.246). Considering the potential impact of body weight on the observed indicators, we employed covariance analysis to calculate the modified P value for each observation indicator. The findings demonstrated that the grip strength, IL-6, and CRP levels in the OSAS group were significantly higher compared to the control group. Conversely, the SMI, bone density, and Vitamin D levels were found to be significantly lower in the OSAS group than in the control group. These results suggest a higher likelihood of sarcopenia and osteoporosis among OSAS patients. Further studies should be conducted in larger study populations.