乌干达姆巴拉拉市金属制造车间土壤中潜在有毒元素的暴露与健康风险。

IF 6.8 Q1 TOXICOLOGY Journal of Xenobiotics Pub Date : 2024-01-30 DOI:10.3390/jox14010011
Eunice Nuwamanya, Denis Byamugisha, Caroline K Nakiguli, Christopher Angiro, Alice V Khanakwa, Timothy Omara, Simon Ocakacon, Patrick Onen, Daniel Omoding, Boniface Opio, Daniel Nimusiima, Emmanuel Ntambi
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引用次数: 0

摘要

金属加工作坊(MFWs)是乌干达城市中的常见行业,尤其是那些生产金属安全门、门窗框(防盗)以及阳台和楼梯扶手的作坊。本研究的目的是比较评估乌干达姆巴拉拉市四家 5 年、7 年、8 年和 10 年历史的家庭作坊(n = 28)和一个对照地点(n = 8)的集合表层土壤样本中锰(Mn)、铬(Cr)、镉(Cd)、铅(Pd)和镍(Ni)的污染水平和潜在健康风险。采用电感耦合等离子体-光发射光谱法测定了潜在有毒元素 (PTE) 的浓度。使用污染、生态和人类健康风险评估指数和模型来确定 PTEs 可能对原始环境和人类造成的任何风险。我们的研究结果表明,与对照地点相比,中型家庭工厂的土壤中出现了 PTE 污染。样本中 PTE 的平均浓度(毫克/千克-1)为锰(2012.75 ± 0.23-3377.14 ± 0.31)、铬(237.55 ± 0.29-424.93 ± 0.31)、镉(0.73 ± 0.13-1.29 ± 0.02)、铅(107.80 ± 0.23-262.01 ± 0.19)和镍(74.85 ± 0.25-211.37 ± 0.14)。这些结果表明,PTEs 很可能来自这些车间的制造活动,污染因子、地质累积指数的高值以及污染负荷指数随家庭作坊运行年数的增加而整体增加也证明了这一点。人 类 健 康 风 险 评 估 显 示 , 若 儿 童 摄 取 了 有 7 年 、 8 年 及 10 年 经 营 年 期 的 混 合 家 禽 屠 房 泥 土 中 的 PTE , 可 能 会 引 致 非 致 癌 健 康 风 险 。递增生命致癌风险评估表明,镉和镍可能对儿童(摄入来自所有四个小型工厂的土壤)和成人(摄入来自 8 岁和 10 岁小型工厂的土壤)产生致癌健康影响。这项研究强调了在乌干达实施有关小型家庭作坊的运作和地点的监管准则的必要性。应开展进一步研究,调查在中型家庭作坊进行焊接作业期间的 PTE 排放情况。
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Exposure and Health Risks Posed by Potentially Toxic Elements in Soils of Metal Fabrication Workshops in Mbarara City, Uganda.

Metal fabrication workshops (MFWs) are common businesses in Ugandan cities, and especially those producing metallic security gates, window and door frames (burglar-proof), and balcony and staircase rails. The objective of this study was to comparatively assess the pollution levels and potential health risks of manganese (Mn), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pd) and nickel (Ni) in pooled surface soil samples from four 5-, 7-, 8-, and 10-year-old MFWs (n = 28) and a control site (n = 8) in Mbarara City, Uganda. The concentration of the potentially toxic elements (PTEs) was determined using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry. Contamination, ecological, and human health risk assessment indices and models were used to identify any risks that the PTEs could pose to the pristine environment and humans. Our results showed that PTE pollution of soils is occuring in the MFWs than at the control site. The mean concentrations of the PTEs (mg kg-1) in the samples were: Mn (2012.75 ± 0.23-3377.14 ± 0.31), Cr (237.55 ± 0.29-424.93 ± 0.31), Cd (0.73 ± 0.13-1.29 ± 0.02), Pb (107.80 ± 0.23-262.01 ± 0.19), and Ni (74.85 ± 0.25-211.37 ± 0.14). These results indicate that the PTEs could plausibly derive from the fabrication activities in these workshops, which is supported by the high values of contamination factors, index of geoaccumulation, and the overall increase in pollution load indices with the number of years of operation of the MFWs. Human health risk assessment showed that there are non-carcinogenic health risks that could be experienced by children who ingest PTEs in the soils from the 7-, 8- and 10-year-old MFWs. The incremental life cancer risk assessment suggested that there are potential cancerous health effects of Cd and Ni that could be experienced in children (who ingest soils from all the four MFWs) and adults (ingesting soils from the 8- and 10-year-old MFWs). This study underscores the need to implement regulatory guidelines on the operation and location of MFWs in Uganda. Further research should be undertaken to investigate the emission of the PTEs during welding operations in the MFWs.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
5.30
自引率
1.70%
发文量
21
审稿时长
10 weeks
期刊介绍: The Journal of Xenobiotics publishes original studies concerning the beneficial (pharmacology) and detrimental effects (toxicology) of xenobiotics in all organisms. A xenobiotic (“stranger to life”) is defined as a chemical that is not usually found at significant concentrations or expected to reside for long periods in organisms. In addition to man-made chemicals, natural products could also be of interest if they have potent biological properties, special medicinal properties or that a given organism is at risk of exposure in the environment. Topics dealing with abiotic- and biotic-based transformations in various media (xenobiochemistry) and environmental toxicology are also of interest. Areas of interests include the identification of key physical and chemical properties of molecules that predict biological effects and persistence in the environment; the molecular mode of action of xenobiotics; biochemical and physiological interactions leading to change in organism health; pathophysiological interactions of natural and synthetic chemicals; development of biochemical indicators including new “-omics” approaches to identify biomarkers of exposure or effects for xenobiotics.
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