非洲宪法公投中的种族政治和政党调整:了解肯尼亚的 "侮辱工业

IF 1.9 1区 社会学 Q1 AREA STUDIES African Affairs Pub Date : 2024-02-20 DOI:10.1093/afraf/adae002
Kirk A Harris
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引用次数: 0

摘要

肯尼亚分别于 2005 年和 2010 年举行了宪法公投,这两次公投与之后的全国大选保持了连续性。在支持和反对宪法草案的运动中,政治家们试图利用他们在同族人中的受欢迎程度来表明他们在随后的大选中作为联盟伙伴或 "组建者 "的可行性:这些运动不是就宪法问题进行细致入微的辩论,而是被一位观察家称为 "侮辱工业 "的个人竞赛。十年后,当肯尼亚政界考虑进一步修改宪法时,这一过程再次上演。因此,肯尼亚的全民公决运动反映了一种战略行为,而这种行为在有关非洲民主化和宪法变革的许多当代文献中并未得到认可。虽然肯尼亚宪法的实质内容对肯尼亚精英来说很重要,但全民公决运动也为领导人带来了价值,而与投票结果本身无关。在肯尼亚政治中,民族性是一个突出的组织特征,再加上政党的高度不稳定性,使得全民公决运动成为肯尼亚政治家在选举周期之间重新谈判政治联盟和调整政党政治的机会。因此,肯尼亚的全民公决政治是其历史和政治环境的独特副产品。
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Ethnic Politics and Party realignment in African Constitutional referendums: Understanding Kenya’s ‘industry of insults’
Kenya’s constitutional referendums in 2005 and 2010 stand out for their continuity with the national elections that followed both polls. During campaigns for and against the draft constitutions, politicians attempted to leverage their popularity amongst co-ethnics to signal their viability as coalition partners or ‘formateurs’ in subsequent general elections: rather than nuanced debates on constitutional issues, the campaigns became personal contests that one observer dubbed an ‘industry of insults’. A decade later, this process was repeated as the country’s political class considered further revisions to the constitution. Kenya’s referendum campaigns thus reflect a layer of strategic behaviour that has not been recognized in much of the contemporary literature on democratization and constitutional change in Africa. While the substance of the country’s constitution matters to Kenyan elites, referendum campaigns have added value to leaders independently of the outcomes of the polls themselves. The prominence of ethnicity as an organizing feature in Kenyan politics combined with high levels of party volatility produces an environment in which referendum campaigns serve as opportunities for Kenyan politicians to renegotiate political coalitions and realign party politics in between election cycles. In this way, the country’s referendum politics are a distinct byproduct of its historical and political circumstances.
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来源期刊
African Affairs
African Affairs Multiple-
CiteScore
4.30
自引率
17.90%
发文量
37
期刊介绍: African Affairs is published on behalf of the Royal African Society. It publishes articles on recent political, social and economic developments in sub-Saharan countries. Also included are historical studies that illuminate current events in the continent. Each issue of African Affairs contains a substantial section of book reviews, with occasional review articles. There is also an invaluable list of recently published books, and a listing of articles on Africa that have appeared in non-Africanist journals.
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