韩国太白山盆地 Wondong 矿床的矽卡岩蚀变和铁-锌-铅成矿作用

IF 1 4区 地球科学 Q4 GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY Geosciences Journal Pub Date : 2024-02-23 DOI:10.1007/s12303-024-0002-8
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要 位于朝鲜半岛中东部太白山盆地的 Wondong 矿床的矽卡岩和铁-锌-铅矿化现象发生在上白垩统石英-长石斑岩(QFP)与奥陶纪 Makgol 组碳酸盐岩的接触带。石英-长石斑岩相对较新,与石榴石矽卡岩有尖锐的接触。矽卡岩在碳酸盐岩中占主导地位,但在 QFP 中却很少见。在整个矽卡岩中,矽卡岩几乎都是英安岩,但随着距离矽卡岩与石榴石矽卡岩接触点的距离增加,矽卡岩的矿物分带也随之增加,由近端石榴石、中间辉石和远端硅灰石组成。石榴石变得富含铁,而辉石的铁和锰含量则趋向于向大理岩前沿富集。大量铁矿化取代了石榴石矽卡岩,但仅限于 QFP 附近。与此相反,尽管锌铅矿化在所有地区都有发现,但主要出现在矽卡岩以外的碳酸盐岩中。锌-铅矿化以网脉和脉石的形式出现在 QFP 中,石榴石矽卡岩由闪锌矿、方铅矿、富铝石榴石和方解石以及少量的砷黄铁矿组成。与此相反,矽卡岩以外的锌铅矿化的碳酸盐置换物由闪锌矿、黄铁矿、方铅矿、二侧辉石和方解石组成,还有少量的砷黄铁矿、络菱铁矿和黄铜矿等矿物。闪锌矿是主要的矿石矿物,随着与 QFP 的距离增加,颜色变深,富含铁(FeS 含量高达 34.4 摩尔)和锰(MnS 含量高达 1.5 摩尔)。黄铜矿与闪锌矿密切相关,其砷含量在远离钦定边界点的地方呈下降趋势。翁东矿床锌铅矿化的所有硫化物矿物的δ34S值在2.9-5.9‰之间,这与岩浆源有关。此外,整个翁东矿床所有硫化物的δ34S值范围狭窄且变化微妙,不能解释为涉及多种硫源的混合。地质、岩相、矿物学和同位素地球化学研究表明,早期矽卡岩是在 QFP 与 Makgol 地层接触处的高流体岩石比环境中形成的,以英安岩为主,表明矽卡岩形成流体的氧化性质。矿石沉积始于以石榴石为主的矽卡岩形成之后。造成锌铅矿化的成矿流体具有氧化性较低的特点,这一点从 QFP 及其周边地区矿脉型矿化中相对富含铝的石榴石可以看出。更进一步说,产生锌铅矿化碳酸盐置换的流体不太可能受到外部影响,如与多种硫源混合,即使流体经过很远的距离。
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Skarn alteration and Fe-Zn-Pb mineralization at the Wondong deposit in the Taebaeksan Basin, South Korea

Abstract

Skarn and Fe-Zn-Pb mineralization at the Wondong deposit located in the Taebaeksan Basin of the central-eastern region of Korean Peninsula occurs along the contact between the Upper Cretaceous quartz-feldspar porphyry (QFP) and carbonate rocks of the Ordovician Makgol Formation. The QFP is relatively fresh and has a sharp contact with the garnet skarn. Skarn is dominant in the carbonate rocks but is rare in the QFP. It consists almost of grandite throughout the skarn but has mineralogical zonation of proximal garnet, intermediate pyroxene, and distal wollastonite with increasing distance from the contact between the QFP and garnet skarn. Garnet becomes Fe-rich, and pyroxene tends to be enriched in Fe and Mn toward the marble front. Massive Fe mineralization, replacing garnet skarn, is restricted proximal to the QFP. In contrast, although the Zn-Pb mineralization is found in all areas it mostly occurs in the carbonate rocks beyond the skarn. Zinc-Pb mineralization occurred as stockwork and vein in the QFP and the garnet skarn consists of sphalerite, galena, Al-rich garnet, and calcite with a minor quantity of arsenopyrite. In contrast, the carbonate replacement of the Zn-Pb mineralization beyond skarn consists of sphalerite, pyrrhotite, galena, diopsidic pyroxene, and calcite with minor minerals such as arsenopyrite, löellingite, and chalcopyrite. Sphalerite, principal ore mineral, becomes darker and Fe- (up to 34.4 mol% FeS) and Mn-rich (up to 1.5 mol% MnS) with increasing distance from the QFP. Arsenopyrite is closely associated with sphalerite tends to be decreased in As away from the QFP. All sulfide minerals from Zn-Pb mineralization in the Wondong deposit have δ34S values ranging from 2.9 to 5.9‰, which are attributed to the magmatic source. In addition, the narrow range and subtle variation of the δ34S values for all sulfides throughout the Wondong deposits are not interpreted to be involved in the mixing of multiple sulfur sources. Geological, petrographic, mineralogical, and isotopic geochemical investigations show that the early skarn was formed in an environment of high fluid: rock ratios at the contact between the QFP and Makgol Formation and it was dominated by grandite, indicating the oxidizing nature of the skarn-forming fluids. The ore deposition began after the formation of the main garnet dominated skarn. The ore-forming fluids responsible for Zn-Pb mineralization are characterized by a less oxidizing nature, as defined by comparatively Al-enriched garnet in vein type mineralization in and around the QFP. Farther, the fluids producing the carbonate replacement of the Zn-Pb mineralization are unlikely to be engaged in external effects such as mixing with multiple sulfur sources even though it travels over long distance.

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来源期刊
Geosciences Journal
Geosciences Journal 地学-地球科学综合
CiteScore
2.70
自引率
8.30%
发文量
33
审稿时长
6 months
期刊介绍: Geosciences Journal opens a new era for the publication of geoscientific research articles in English, covering geology, geophysics, geochemistry, paleontology, structural geology, mineralogy, petrology, stratigraphy, sedimentology, environmental geology, economic geology, petroleum geology, hydrogeology, remote sensing and planetary geology.
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