网络影响行动是网络冲突的 "重心":以俄罗斯干预 2016 年美国联邦大选为例

IF 3.4 1区 社会学 Q1 INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Journal of Peace Research Pub Date : 2024-02-27 DOI:10.1177/00223433231225814
Jelena Vićić, Erik Gartzke
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引用次数: 0

摘要

俄罗斯的网络影响力行动(CEIO)引起了公众、学术界和政策界的极大兴趣。据报道,1.26 亿美国人在 Facebook 上看到了俄罗斯为影响 2016 年美国大选所做的努力。事实上,就此类行动对政治结果的影响程度而言,其后果可能远远超过其他更引人注目的网络冲突形式。重要的是,CEIOs 突出了网络冲突中人的层面。与黑客攻击网络系统相比,CEIOs 侧重于 "黑客攻击人的思想",影响键盘后面的个人,代表了国家网络活动的一种新兴形式。重要的是,用于研究 CEIO 的数据通常是公开的。我们采用语义网络分析(SNA)来评估网络安全研究中很少分析的数据--一个著名 CEIO 的实际广告文本。我们研究了内容以及俄罗斯策划的社交媒体活动的范围和规模。我们的分析表明,俄罗斯 CEIO 所使用的信息虽然经常被描述为 "虚假信息",但总体而言与事实相符。此外,俄罗斯试图影响的目标人群似乎是非裔美国人,而非白人保守派。最后,根据我们的研究结果,我们推测了 CEIO 的可能动机。
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Cyber-enabled influence operations as a ‘center of gravity’ in cyberconflict: The example of Russian foreign interference in the 2016 US federal election
Russia’s cyber-enabled influence operations (CEIO) have garnered significant public, academic and policy interest. 126 million Americans were reportedly exposed to Russia’s efforts to influence the 2016 US election on Facebook. Indeed, to the extent that such efforts shape political outcomes, they may prove far more consequential than other, more flamboyant forms of cyber conflict. Importantly, CEIOs highlight the human dimension of cyber conflict. Focused on ‘hacking human minds’ and affecting individuals behind keyboards, as opposed to hacking networked systems, CEIOs represent an emergent form of state cyber activity. Importantly, data for studying CEIOs are often publicly available. We employ semantic network analysis (SNA) to assess data seldom analyzed in cybersecurity research – the text of actual advertisements from a prominent CEIO. We examine the content, as well as the scope and scale of the Russian-orchestrated social media campaign. While often described as ‘disinformation,’ our analysis shows that the information utilized in the Russian CEIO was generally factually correct. Further, it appears that African Americans, not white conservatives, were the target demographic that Russia sought to influence. We conclude with speculation, based on our findings, about the likely motives for the CEIO.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.70
自引率
5.60%
发文量
80
期刊介绍: Journal of Peace Research is an interdisciplinary and international peer reviewed bimonthly journal of scholarly work in peace research. Edited at the International Peace Research Institute, Oslo (PRIO), by an international editorial committee, Journal of Peace Research strives for a global focus on conflict and peacemaking. From its establishment in 1964, authors from over 50 countries have published in JPR. The Journal encourages a wide conception of peace, but focuses on the causes of violence and conflict resolution. Without sacrificing the requirements for theoretical rigour and methodological sophistication, articles directed towards ways and means of peace are favoured.
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