Effect of telemonitoring and as-needed patient support on positive airway pressure therapy adherence.

Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) affects patient health and public welfare. Positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy is the preferred treatment of OSA, but therapy adherence rates remain suboptimal. Current literature demonstrates telemonitoring interventions to support improved PAP therapy adherence.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of interval telemonitoring of PAP therapy data at 2 and 4 weeks after treatment initiation in patients with moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea with as-needed patient support and troubleshooting by telephone consultation.

Methodology: Ninety-nine participants were enrolled in this study, 50 in the control group and 49 in the intervention group. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS 28.0 software. The primary outcome of interest was 90-day PAP adherence.

Results: Mean PAP adherence scores diverged at 90 days after PAP initiation, with the intervention group having a significantly higher mean score (M = 49.24, SD = 38.18) relative to the control group (M = 36.38, SD = 37.69). Likewise, continued PAP usage at 90 days after therapy initiation diverged between participant groups, with the intervention group having a significantly higher mean score (M = 89.80, SD = 30.58) relative to the control group (M = 72.00, SD = 45.36).

Conclusions: The intervention resulted in significantly higher mean PAP adherence and a greater percentage of participants demonstrating continued PAP usage at 90 days after therapy initiation but did not result in a statistically significant increase in what is considered and defined as "good PAP adherence" (adherence of ≥70%).

Implications: Data-triggered telemonitoring protocols offer supplementary support to patients in need and improve PAP adherence.